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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We account for revenue with customers in accordance with Topic 606. Revenue is recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those services.
Disaggregated Revenue
The following tables represent a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by type of service and/or segment (dollars in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Advisory
 Services		Global
Workplace
Solutions		Real Estate
Investments		Corporate,
other and eliminations		Consolidated
Topic 606 Revenue:
Facilities management$— $15,205 $— $— $15,205 
Project management— 7,310 — — 7,310 
Advisory leasing3,503 — — 3 3,506 
Advisory sales1,611 — — — 1,611 
Property management1,928 — — (20)1,908 
Valuation716 — — — 716 
Commercial mortgage origination (1)
138 — — — 138 
Loan servicing (2)
73 — — — 73 
Investment management— — 592 — 592 
Development services— — 345 — 345 
Topic 606 Revenue7,969 22,515 937 (17)31,404 
Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue:
Commercial mortgage origination286 — — — 286 
Loan servicing244 — — — 244 
Development services (3)
— — 15 — 15 
Total Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue530 — 15 — 545 
Total Revenue$8,499 $22,515 $952 $(17)$31,949 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Advisory
 Services		Global
Workplace
Solutions		Real Estate
Investments		Corporate,
other and eliminations		Consolidated
Topic 606 Revenue:
Facilities management$— $15,201 $— $— $15,201 
Project management— 4,650 — — 4,650 
Advisory leasing3,872 — — 3 3,875 
Advisory sales2,523 — — — 2,523 
Property management1,849 — — (19)1,830 
Valuation765 — — — 765 
Commercial mortgage origination (1)
274 — — — 274 
Loan servicing (2)
57 — — — 57 
Investment management— — 595 — 595 
Development services— — 404 — 404 
Topic 606 Revenue9,340 19,851 999 (16)30,174 
Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue:
Commercial mortgage origination289 — — — 289 
Loan servicing254 — — — 254 
Development services (3)
— — 111 — 111 
Total Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue543 — 111 — 654 
Total Revenue$9,883 $19,851 $1,110 $(16)$30,828 
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Advisory
 Services		Global
Workplace
Solutions		Real Estate
Investments		Corporate,
other and eliminations		Consolidated
Topic 606 Revenue:
Facilities management$— $14,167 $— $— $14,167 
Project management— 2,932 — — 2,932 
Advisory leasing3,306 — — 2 3,308 
Advisory sales2,790 — — — 2,790 
Property management1,739 — — (22)1,717 
Valuation733 — — — 733 
Commercial mortgage origination (1)
314 — — — 314 
Loan servicing (2)
43 — — — 43 
Investment management— — 556 — 556 
Development services— — 390 — 390 
Topic 606 Revenue8,925 17,099 946 (20)26,950 
Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue:
Commercial mortgage origination388 — — — 388 
Loan servicing262 — — — 262 
Development services (3)
— — 146 — 146 
Total Out of Scope of Topic 606 Revenue650 — 146 — 796 
Total Revenue$9,575 $17,099 $1,092 $(20)$27,746 
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(1)We earn fees for arranging financing for borrowers with third-party lender contacts. Such fees are in scope of Topic 606.
(2)Loan servicing fees earned from servicing contracts for which we do not hold mortgage servicing rights are in scope of Topic 606.
(3)Out of scope revenue for development services represents selling profit from transfers of sales-type leases in the scope of Topic 842.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
We had contract assets totaling $517.4 million ($442.9 million of which was current) and $529.1 million ($391.6 million of which was current) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, our contract assets decreased by $11.7 million, within our Real Estate Investments and Advisory Services segments.
We had contract liabilities totaling $304.3 million ($297.6 million of which was current) and $284.3 million ($276.3 million of which was current) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized revenue of $232.7 million that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2022.
Contract Costs
We capitalized $39.8 million, $29.9 million and $84.9 million, respectively, of transition costs during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. We recorded amortization of transition costs of $36.7 million, $42.1 million and $40.3 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.