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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from_______________________to_______________________
Commission File No. 1-32525
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3180631
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1099 Ameriprise Financial Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota | 55474
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (612) 671-3131
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: Not Applicable
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer x | Accelerated Filer o
Non-Accelerated Filer o | Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Outstanding at April 19, 2019
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share) |  | 133,904,298 shares

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 4
Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 5
Consolidated Statements of Equity — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 | 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
1. Basis of Presentation | 9
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 9
3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 12
4. Variable Interest Entities | 15
5. Investments | 20
6. Financing Receivables | 24
7. Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs | 26
8. Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims and Separate Account Liabilities | 27
9. Variable Annuity and Insurance Guarantees | 28
10. Debt | 29
11. Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | 29
12. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities | 37
13. Derivatives and Hedging Activities | 39
14. Leases | 42
15. Held for Sale Classification | 44
16. Shareholders’ Equity | 45
17. Regulatory Requirements | 46
18. Income Taxes | 47
19. Contingencies | 47
20. Earnings per Share | 48
21. Segment Information | 49
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 51
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 72
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 72
Part II. Other Information | 73
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 73
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 73
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 73
Item 6. Exhibits | 74
Signatures | 75

2

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 1,669 |
Distribution fees | 480 |  |  | 468 |
Net investment income | 397 |  |  | 396 |
Premiums | 371 |  |  | 343 |
Other revenues | 278 |  |  | 308 |
Total revenues | 3,153 |  |  | 3,184 |
Banking and deposit interest expense | 35 |  |  | 16 |
Total net revenues | 3,118 |  |  | 3,168 |
Expenses |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 900 |  |  | 905 |
Interest credited to fixed accounts | 204 |  |  | 141 |
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses | 670 |  |  | 494 |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 16 |  |  | 92 |
Interest and debt expense | 53 |  |  | 51 |
General and administrative expense | 805 |  |  | 789 |
Total expenses | 2,648 |  |  | 2,472 |
Pretax income | 470 |  |  | 696 |
Income tax provision | 75 |  |  | 102 |
Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |
Earnings per share |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.85 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |
Diluted | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |
Supplemental Disclosures: |  |  |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | — |
Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes) | 7 |  |  | — |
Net impairment losses recognized in net investment income | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | — |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 5 |  |  | 29 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities | 322 |  |  | (262 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives | (1 | ) |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 326 |  |  | (233 | )
Total comprehensive income | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 361 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions, except share amounts)
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,259 |  |  | $ | 2,931 |
Cash of consolidated investment entities (“CIEs”) | 88 |  |  | 166 |
Investments | 33,463 |  |  | 35,825 |
Investments of consolidated investment entities, at fair value | 1,740 |  |  | 1,706 |
Separate account assets | 83,571 |  |  | 77,925 |
Receivables | 7,434 |  |  | 6,173 |
Receivables of consolidated investment entities, at fair value | 28 |  |  | 12 |
Deferred acquisition costs | 2,757 |  |  | 2,776 |
Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments | 2,564 |  |  | 2,910 |
Other assets | 7,472 |  |  | 6,792 |
Assets held for sale | 2,027 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 144,403 |  |  | $ | 137,216 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | $ | 29,463 |  |  | $ | 30,124 |
Separate account liabilities | 83,571 |  |  | 77,925 |
Customer deposits | 11,520 |  |  | 11,545 |
Short-term borrowings | 201 |  |  | 201 |
Long-term debt | 3,394 |  |  | 2,867 |
Debt of consolidated investment entities, at fair value | 1,731 |  |  | 1,743 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 1,596 |  |  | 1,862 |
Other liabilities | 5,808 |  |  | 5,239 |
Other liabilities of consolidated investment entities, at fair value | 105 |  |  | 122 |
Liabilities held for sale | 1,171 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | 138,560 |  |  | 131,628 |
Equity: |  |  |
Ameriprise Financial, Inc.: |  |  |
Common shares ($.01 par value; shares authorized, 1,250,000,000; shares issued, 328,900,292 and 328,537,214 respectively) | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Additional paid-in capital | 8,270 |  |  | 8,260 |
Retained earnings | 13,172 |  |  | 12,909 |
Treasury shares, at cost (194,716,785 and 192,206,467 shares, respectively) | (15,637 | ) |  | (15,293 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 35 |  |  | (291 | )
Total equity | 5,843 |  |  | 5,588 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 144,403 |  |  | $ | 137,216 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

| Number of Outstanding Shares | Common Shares | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Shares | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total
(in millions, except per share data)
Balances at January 1, 2018 | 146,634,664 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 8,085 |  | $ | 11,326 |  | $ | (13,648 | ) | $ | 229 |  | $ | 5,995 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of equity securities guidance | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | (1 | ) | — |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 594 |  | — |  | — |  | 594 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (233 | ) | (233 | )
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 361 |
Dividends to shareholders | — |  | — |  | — |  | (125 | ) | — |  | — |  | (125 | )
Repurchase of common shares | (3,003,729 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (482 | ) | — |  | (482 | )
Share-based compensation plans | 1,387,422 |  | — |  | 31 |  | — |  | 60 |  | — |  | 91 |
Balances at March 31, 2018 | 145,018,357 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 8,116 |  | $ | 11,796 |  | $ | (14,070 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 5,840 |
Balances at January 1, 2019 | 136,330,747 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 8,260 |  | $ | 12,909 |  | $ | (15,293 | ) | $ | (291 | ) | $ | 5,588 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5 | ) | — |  | — |  | (5 | )
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 395 |  | — |  | — |  | 395 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 326 |  | 326 |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 721 |
Dividends to shareholders | — |  | — |  | — |  | (127 | ) | — |  | — |  | (127 | )
Repurchase of common shares | (3,199,907 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (399 | ) | — |  | (399 | )
Share-based compensation plans | 1,052,667 |  | — |  | 10 |  | — |  | 55 |  | — |  | 65 |
Balances at March 31, 2019 | 134,183,507 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 8,270 |  | $ | 13,172 |  | $ | (15,637 | ) | $ | 35 |  | $ | 5,843 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018(1)
| (in millions)
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
| Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net | 46 |  |  | 56 |
| Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (2 | ) |  | 104 |
| Share-based compensation | 30 |  |  | 32 |
| Net realized investment (gains) losses | (10 | ) |  | (6 | )
| Net trading (gains) losses | (4 | ) |  | (3 | )
| Loss from equity method investments | 12 |  |  | 12 |
| Other-than-temporary impairments and provision for loan losses | 5 |  |  | — |
| Net (gains) losses of consolidated investment entities | 4 |  |  | 1 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Restricted and segregated investments | (25 | ) |  | 75 |
| Deferred acquisition costs | (55 | ) |  | 13 |
| Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims, net | (201 | ) |  | (325 | )
| Derivatives, net of collateral | 316 |  |  | 29 |
| Receivables | 125 |  |  | (78 | )
| Brokerage deposits | (264 | ) |  | (207 | )
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (177 | ) |  | (373 | )
| Other operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities, net | 1 |  |  | 3 |
| Other, net | (24 | ) |  | (115 | )
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 172 |  |  | (188 | )
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
| Available-for-Sale securities: |  |  |
| Proceeds from sales | 92 |  |  | 361 |
| Maturities, sinking fund payments and calls | 1,986 |  |  | 1,195 |
| Purchases | (2,085 | ) |  | (1,456 | )
| Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of mortgage loans | 64 |  |  | 75 |
| Funding of mortgage loans | (43 | ) |  | (40 | )
| Proceeds from sales, maturities and collections of other investments | 51 |  |  | 224 |
| Purchase of other investments | (93 | ) |  | (272 | )
| Purchase of investments by consolidated investment entities | (203 | ) |  | (116 | )
| Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of investments by consolidated investment entities | 132 |  |  | 130 |
| Purchase of land, buildings, equipment and software | (31 | ) |  | (33 | )
| Cash paid for written options with deferred premiums | (42 | ) |  | (57 | )
| Cash received from written options with deferred premiums | 35 |  |  | 53 |
| Change in reinsurance deposit, net | (345 | ) |  | — |
| Other, net | 1 |  |  | 3 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $ | (481 | ) |  | $ | 67 |
| See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018(1)
(in millions)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Investment certificates: |  |  |
Proceeds from additions | $ | 1,618 |  |  | $ | 1,336 |
Maturities, withdrawals and cash surrenders | (1,377 | ) |  | (1,192 | )
Policyholder account balances: |  |  |
Deposits and other additions | 585 |  |  | 444 |
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts | (1 | ) |  | (28 | )
Surrenders and other benefits | (476 | ) |  | (501 | )
Cash paid for purchased options with deferred premiums | (44 | ) |  | (45 | )
Cash received from purchased options with deferred premiums | 12 |  |  | 24 |
Issuance of long-term debt | 497 |  |  | — |
Repayments of long-term debt | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Dividends paid to shareholders | (124 | ) |  | (122 | )
Repurchase of common shares | (385 | ) |  | (425 | )
Exercise of stock options | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Repayments of debt by consolidated investment entities | (12 | ) |  | (52 | )
Other, net | — |  |  | (2 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 291 |  |  | (564 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 7 |  |  | 12 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted and cash balances classified as assets held-for-sale | (11 | ) |  | (673 | )
Less: Net change in cash balances classified as assets held for sale | 111 |  |  | — |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted | (122 | ) |  | (673 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted at beginning of period | 5,883 |  |  | 5,144 |
Cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted at end of period | $ | 5,761 |  |  | $ | 4,471 |
Supplemental Disclosures: |  |  |
Interest paid excluding consolidated investment entities | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Interest paid by consolidated investment entities | 14 |  |  | 21 |
Income taxes paid, net | 18 |  |  | 118 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | 4 |  |  | — |
Non-cash investing activity: |  |  |
Investments transferred in connection with reinsurance transaction | 1,265 |  |  | — |
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,259 |  |  | $ | 2,931 |
Cash of consolidated investment entities | 88 |  |  | 166 |
Restricted and segregated cash, cash equivalents and investments | 2,564 |  |  | 2,910 |
Less: Restricted and segregated investments | (150 | ) |  | (124 | )
Total cash and cash equivalents including amounts restricted per consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 5,761 |  |  | $ | 5,883 |
(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 1 for more information. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. Basis of Presentation
Ameriprise Financial, Inc. is a holding company, which primarily conducts business through its subsidiaries to provide financial planning, products and services that are designed to be utilized as solutions for clients’ cash and liquidity, asset accumulation, income, protection and estate and wealth transfer needs. The foreign operations of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. are conducted primarily through Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl and Ameriprise Asset Management Holdings GmbH (collectively, “Threadneedle”).
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Ameriprise Financial, Inc., companies in which it directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which it is the primary beneficiary (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim financial information in this report has not been audited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair statement of the consolidated results of operations and financial position for the interim periods have been made. All adjustments made were of a normal recurring nature.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current presentation. Results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. These Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2019 (“2018 10-K”).
The Company corrected prior period errors related to the classification of certain changes in other investments in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, cash used in operating activities was overstated by $20 million and cash provided by investing activities was overstated by $20 million. The impact of these corrections was not material to the prior period Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
The Company evaluated events or transactions that may have occurred after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. No subsequent events or transactions were identified. See Note 15 for information on the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”).
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Leases – Recognition of Lease Assets and Liabilities on Balance Sheet
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) updated the accounting standards for leases. The update was issued to increase transparency and comparability for the accounting of lease transactions. The standard requires most lease transactions for lessees to be recorded on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities and both quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities had the option to adopt the standard using a modified retrospective approach at either the beginning of the earliest period presented or as of the date of adoption. The Company adopted the standard using a modified retrospective approach as of January 1, 2019. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the accounting standard that allows entities to carryforward their historical lease classification and to not reassess contracts for embedded leases among other things. The Company recorded a right-of-use asset of $274 million and a corresponding lease liability of $295 million substantially related to real estate leases. The amount the lease liability exceeds the right-of-use asset primarily reflects lease incentives recorded as a reduction of the right-of-use asset that were previously recorded as a liability. The adoption of the standard did not have other material impacts on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition. See Note 14 for new disclosures on leases.
Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
In February 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to the presentation of tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The update allows a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for tax effects stranded in AOCI resulting from the legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The election of the update was optional. The update was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities could record the impacts either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 and elected not to reclassify the stranded tax effects in AOCI.
Derivatives and Hedging – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
In August 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to amend the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements. The objectives of the update are to better align the financial reporting of hedging relationships to the economic results of
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
an entity’s risk management activities and simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. The update also adds new disclosures and amends existing disclosure requirements. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and was required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs – Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities
In March 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to shorten the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Under previous guidance, premiums were generally amortized over the contractual life of the security. The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The update applies to securities with explicit, non-contingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and was required to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Fair Value Measurement – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to disclosures for fair value measurements. The update eliminates the following disclosures: 1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, 2) the policy of timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, and 3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new disclosures include changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how the weighted average was calculated. The new disclosures are required on a prospective basis; all other provisions should be applied retrospectively. The update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for the entire standard or only the provisions to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements. The Company early adopted the provisions of the standard to eliminate or modify disclosure requirements in the fourth quarter of 2018. The update does not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
In January 2016, the FASB updated the accounting standards on the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The update requires entities to carry marketable equity securities, excluding investments in securities that qualify for the equity method of accounting, at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in net income each reporting period. The update affects other aspects of accounting for equity instruments, as well as the accounting for financial liabilities utilizing the fair value option. The update eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial assets or liabilities held at cost on the balance sheet and requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of these financial instruments. The standard was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Financial Services – Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standard related to long-duration insurance contracts. The guidance revises key elements of the measurement models and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts issued by insurers and reinsurers.
The guidance establishes a significant new category of benefit features called market risk benefits that protect the contract holder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the insurer to that risk. Insurers will have to measure market risk benefits at fair value. Market risk benefits include variable annuity guaranteed benefits (i.e. guaranteed minimum death, withdrawal, withdrawal for life, accumulation and income benefits). The portion of the change in fair value attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk of market risk benefits in a liability position will be recorded in OCI.
Significant changes also relate to the measurement of the liability for future policy benefits for nonparticipating traditional long-duration insurance contracts and immediate annuities with a life contingent feature include the following:

• | Insurers will be required to review and update the cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits rather than using assumptions locked in at contract inception. The review of assumptions to measure the liability for all future policy benefits will be required annually at the same time each year, or more frequently if suggested by experience. The effect of updating assumptions will be measured on a retrospective catch-up basis and presented separate from the ongoing policyholder benefit expense in the statement of operations in the period the update is made. This new unlocking process will be required for the Company’s term and whole life insurance, disability income, long term care insurance and immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

• | The discount rate used to measure the liability for future policy benefits will be standardized. The current requirement to use a discount rate reflecting expected investment yields will change to an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed income corporate instrument yield (generally interpreted as an “A” rating) reflecting the duration characteristics of the liability. Entities will be required to update the discount rate at each reporting date with the effect of discount rate changes reflected in OCI.

• | The current premium deficiency test is being replaced with a net premium ratio cap of 100%. If the net premium ratio (i.e. the ratio of the present value of total expected benefits and related expenses to the present value of total expected premiums) exceeds 100%, insurers are required to recognize a loss in the statement of operations in the period. Contracts from different issue years will no longer be permitted to be grouped to determine contracts in a loss position.

In addition, the update requires deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”) relating to all long-duration contracts and most investment contracts to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the contract independent of profit emergence. Under the new guidance, interest will not accrue to the deferred balance and DAC and DSIC will not be subject to an impairment test.
The update requires significant additional disclosures, including disaggregated rollforwards of the liability for future policy benefits, policyholder account balances, market risk benefits, DAC and DSIC, as well as qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates and assumptions. The update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The standard should be applied to the liability for future policy benefits and DAC and DSIC on a modified retrospective basis and applied to market risk benefits on a retrospective basis with the option to apply full retrospective transition if certain criteria are met. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial condition and disclosures.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (“CCA”) that is a service contract. The update requires implementation costs for a CCA to be evaluated for capitalization using the same approach as implementation costs associated with internal-use software. The update also addresses presentation, measurement and impairment of capitalized implementation costs in a CCA that is a service contract. The update requires new disclosures on the nature of hosting arrangements that are service contracts, significant judgements made when applying the guidance and quantitative disclosures, including amounts capitalized, amortized and impaired. The update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB updated the accounting standards to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The update removes the hypothetical purchase price allocation (Step 2) of the goodwill impairment test. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB updated the accounting standards related to accounting for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The update replaces the current incurred loss model for estimating credit losses with a new model that requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of the asset. Generally, the initial estimate of the expected credit losses and subsequent changes in the estimate will be reported in current period earnings and recorded through an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet. The current credit loss model for Available-for-Sale debt securities does not change; however, the credit loss calculation and subsequent recoveries are required to be recorded through an allowance. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption will be permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. A modified retrospective cumulative adjustment to retained earnings should be recorded as of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective for loans, receivables, and other financial instruments subject to the new expected credit loss model. Prospective adoption is required for establishing an allowance related to Available-for-Sale debt securities, certain beneficial interests, and financial assets purchased with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following tables present revenue disaggregated by segment on an adjusted operating basis with a reconciliation of segment revenues to those reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Advice & Wealth Management |  | Asset Management |  | Annuities |  | Protection |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total Segments |  | Non-operating Revenue |  | Total
(in millions)
Management and financial advice fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset management fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | — |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 429 |
Institutional | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Advisory fees | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | 725 |
Financial planning fees | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |
Transaction and other fees | 84 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |
Total management and financial advice fees | 878 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |
Distribution fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 171 |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |
Insurance and annuity | 205 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 334 |  |  | — |  |  | 334 |
Other products | 185 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |
Total distribution fees | 561 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 747 |  |  | — |  |  | 747 |
Other revenues | 45 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,484 |  |  | 678 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,267 |
Revenue from other sources (1) | 105 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 1,221 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,224 |
Total segment gross revenues | 1,589 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 3,488 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3,491 |
Less: Banking and deposit interest expense | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total segment net revenues | 1,554 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 3,451 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3,454 |
Less: Intersegment revenues | 219 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 333 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 336 |
Total net revenues | $ | 1,335 |  |  | $ | 676 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 3,118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,118 |

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Advice & Wealth Management |  | Asset Management |  | Annuities |  | Protection |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total Segments |  | Non-operating Revenue |  | Total
(in millions)
Management and financial advice fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset management fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail | $ | — |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 480 |
Institutional | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |
Advisory fees | 691 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 691 |  |  | — |  |  | 691 |
Financial planning fees | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |
Transaction and other fees | 89 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |
Total management and financial advice fees | 848 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,503 |
Distribution fees: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 190 |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |
Insurance and annuity | 222 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 359 |  |  | — |  |  | 359 |
Other products | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |
Total distribution fees | 557 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 763 |  |  | — |  |  | 763 |
Other revenues | 41 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | 1,446 |  |  | 754 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,308 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,308 |
Revenue from other sources (1) | 71 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 1,238 |
Total segment gross revenues | 1,517 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 613 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 3,485 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 3,546 |
Less: Banking and deposit interest expense | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Total segment net revenues | 1,501 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 613 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 3,468 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 3,529 |
Less: Intersegment revenues | 240 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 357 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 361 |
Total net revenues | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 766 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 3,111 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |

(1) Revenues not included in the scope of the revenue from contracts with customers standard. The amounts primarily consist of revenue associated with insurance and annuity products or financial instruments.

Prior period revenues for the Protection and Corporate segments in the table above have been restated to reflect the transfer of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”) results to the Corporate segment in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 15 for additional information on the sale of AAH.
The following discussion describes the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from the Company’s contracts with customers on a consolidated basis.
Management and Financial Advice Fees
Asset Management Fees
The Company earns revenue for performing asset management services for retail and institutional clients. The revenue is earned based on a fixed or tiered rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management. Assets under management vary with market fluctuations and client behavior. The asset management performance obligation is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Asset management fees are accrued, invoiced and collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.
The Company’s asset management contracts for Open Ended Investment Companies (“OEICs”) in the UK and Société d'Investissement à Capital Variable (“SICAVs”) in Europe include performance obligations for asset management and fund distribution services. The amounts received for these services are reported as management and financial advice fees. The revenue recognition pattern is the same for both performance obligations as the fund distribution services revenue is variably constrained due
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long clients hold their investment) and not recognized until assets under management are known.
The Company may also earn performance-based management fees on institutional accounts, hedge funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), OEICs, SICAVs and property funds based on a percentage of account returns in excess of either a benchmark index or a contractually specified level. This revenue is variable and impacted primarily by the performance of the assets being managed compared to the benchmark index or contractually specified level. The revenue is not recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. Performance-based management fees are invoiced on a quarterly or annual basis.
Advisory Fees
The Company earns revenue for performing investment advisory services for certain brokerage customer’s discretionary and non-discretionary managed accounts. The revenue is earned based on a contractual fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets held in the account. The investment advisory performance obligation is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Advisory fees are accrued daily and invoiced or charged on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Financial Planning Fees
The Company earns revenue for providing financial plans to its clients. The revenue earned for each financial plan is either a fixed fee (received monthly, quarterly or annually) or a variable fee (received monthly or quarterly) based on a contractual fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to assets held in a client’s investment advisory account. The financial planning fee is based on the complexity of a client’s financial and life situation and his or her advisor’s experience. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time the financial plan is delivered to the customer. The Company records a contract liability for the unearned revenue when cash is received before the plan is delivered. The financial plan contracts with clients are annual contracts. Amounts recorded as a contract liability are recognized as revenue when the financial plan is delivered, which occurs within the annual contract period.
For fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized when the financial plan is delivered. The Company accrues revenue for any amounts that have not been received at the time the financial plan is delivered.
For variable fee arrangements, revenue is recognized for cash that has been received when the financial plan is delivered. The amount received after the plan is delivered is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior. The revenue is recognized when it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur that is generally each month or quarter end as the advisory account balance uncertainty is resolved.
Contract liabilities for financial planning fees, which are included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $136 million and $138 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
The Company pays sales commissions to advisors when a new financial planning contract is obtained or when an existing contract is renewed. The sales commissions paid to the advisors prior to financial plan delivery are considered costs to obtain a contract with a customer and are initially capitalized. When the performance obligation to deliver the financial plan is satisfied, the commission is recognized as distribution expense. Capitalized costs to obtain these contracts are reported in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and were $110 million and $112 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Transaction and Other Fees
The Company earns revenue for providing customer support, shareholder and administrative services (including transfer agent services) for affiliated mutual funds and networking, sub-accounting and administrative services for unaffiliated mutual funds. The Company also receives revenue for providing custodial services and account maintenance services on brokerage and retirement accounts that are not included in an advisory relationship. Transfer agent and administrative revenue is earned based on either a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management or an annual fixed fee for each fund position. Networking and sub-accounting revenue is earned based on either an annual fixed fee for each account or an annual fixed fee for each fund position. Custodial and account maintenance revenue is generally earned based on a quarterly or annual fixed fee for each account. Each of the customer support and administrative services performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. Transaction and other fees (other than custodial service fees) are invoiced or charged to brokerage accounts on a monthly or quarterly basis. Custodial service fees are invoiced or charged to brokerage accounts on an annual basis. Contract liabilities for custodial service fees, which are included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $47 million and nil as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
The Company earns revenue for providing trade execution services to franchise advisors. The trade execution performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each trade and the revenue is primarily earned based on a fixed fee per trade. These fees are invoiced and collected on a semi-monthly basis.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Distribution Fees
Mutual Funds and Insurance and Annuity Products
The Company earns revenue for selling affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds, fixed and variable annuities and insurance products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each individual sale. A portion of the revenue is based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to amounts invested at the time of sale. The remaining revenue is recognized over the time the client owns the investment or holds the contract and is generally earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the net asset value of the fund, or the value of the insurance policy or annuity contract. The ongoing revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long clients hold their investment, insurance policy or annuity contract). This ongoing revenue may be recognized for many years after the initial sale. The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
The Company earns revenue for providing unaffiliated partners an opportunity to educate the Company’s advisors or to support availability and distribution of their products on the Company’s platforms. These payments allow the outside parties to train and support the advisors, explain the features of their products and distribute marketing and educational materials, and support trading and operational systems necessary to enable the Company’s client servicing and production distribution efforts. The Company earns revenue for placing and maintaining unaffiliated fund partners and insurance companies’ products on the Company’s sales platform (subject to the Company’s due diligence standards). The revenue is primarily earned based on a fixed fee or a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are invoiced and collected on monthly basis.
Other Products
The Company earns revenue for selling unaffiliated alternative products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of each individual sale. A portion of the revenue is based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to amounts invested at the time of sale. The remaining revenue is recognized over the time the client owns the investment and is earned generally based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of the investment. The ongoing revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control including market volatility and client behavior (such as how long clients hold their investment). The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur.
The Company earns revenue from brokerage clients for the execution of requested trades. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time of trade execution and amounts are received on the settlement date. The revenue varies for each trade based on various factors that include the type of investment, dollar amount of the trade and how the trade is executed (online or broker assisted).
The Company earns revenue for placing clients’ deposits in its brokerage sweep program with third-party banks. The amount received from the third-party banks is impacted by short-term interest rates. The performance obligation with the financial institutions that participate in the sweep program is considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. The revenue is earned daily and settled monthly based on a rate applied, as a percentage, to the deposits placed.
Other Revenues
The Company earns revenue from fees charged to franchise advisors for providing various services the advisors need to manage and grow their practices. The primary services include: licensing of intellectual property and software, compliance supervision, insurance coverage, technology services and support, consulting and other services. The services are either provided by the Company or third- party providers. The Company controls the services provided by third parties as it has the right to direct the third parties to perform the services, is primarily responsible for performing the services and sets the prices the advisors are charged. The Company recognizes revenue for the gross amount of the fees received from the advisors. The fees are primarily collected monthly as a reduction of commission payments.
Intellectual property and software licenses, along with compliance supervision, insurance coverage, and technology services and support are primarily earned based on a monthly fixed fee. These services are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. The consulting and other services performance obligations are satisfied as the services are delivered and revenue is earned based upon the level of service requested.
Receivables
Receivables for revenue from contracts with customers are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and the Company has an unconditional right to the revenue. Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers were $656 million and $644 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
4. Variable Interest Entities
The Company provides asset management services to investment entities which are considered to be VIEs, such as CLOs, hedge funds, property funds and certain non-U.S. series funds (OEICs and SICAVs) (collectively, “investment entities”), which are sponsored by the Company. In addition, the Company invests in structured investments other than CLOs and certain affordable housing partnerships which are considered VIEs. The Company consolidates certain investment entities (collectively, “consolidated
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
investment entities”) if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company has no obligation to provide financial or other support to the non-consolidated VIEs beyond its investment nor has the Company provided any support to these entities.
CLOs
CLOs are asset backed financing entities collateralized by a pool of assets, primarily syndicated loans and, to a lesser extent, high-yield bonds. Multiple tranches of debt securities are issued by a CLO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. The debt securities issued by the CLOs are non-recourse to the Company. The CLO’s debt holders have recourse only to the assets of the CLO. The assets of the CLOs cannot be used by the Company. Scheduled debt payments are based on the performance of the CLO’s collateral pool. The Company earns management fees from the CLOs based on the CLO’s collateral pool and, in certain instances, may also receive incentive fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company has invested in a portion of the unrated, junior subordinated notes of certain CLOs. The Company consolidates certain CLOs where it is the primary beneficiary and has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLO.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to non-consolidated CLOs is limited to its amortized cost, which was $4 million and $5 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. See Note 5 for additional information on these investments.
Property Funds
The Company provides investment advice and related services to property funds some of which are considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company generally earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company does not have a significant economic interest and is not required to consolidate any of the property funds. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to its investment in these entities is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in property funds is reflected in other investments and was $14 million and $18 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Hedge Funds and other Private Funds
The Company does not consolidate hedge funds and other private funds which are sponsored by the Company and considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services and the Company does not have a significant economic interest in any fund. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to its investment in these entities is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in these entities is reflected in other investments and was $7 million as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Non-U.S. Series Funds
The Company manages non-U.S. series funds, which are considered VIEs. For investment management services, the Company earns management fees based on the market value of assets under management, and in certain instances may also receive performance-based fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company does not consolidate these funds and its maximum exposure to loss is limited to its carrying value. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in these funds is reflected in other investments and was $27 million and $30 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Affordable Housing Partnerships and Other Real Estate Partnerships
The Company is a limited partner in affordable housing partnerships that qualify for government-sponsored low income housing tax credit programs and partnerships that invest in multi-family residential properties that were originally developed with an affordable housing component. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these partnerships.
A majority of the limited partnerships are VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in the VIEs is limited to the carrying value. The carrying value is reflected in other investments and was $339 million and $352 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company had a $30 million and a $43 million liability recorded as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to original purchase commitments not yet remitted to the VIEs. The Company has not provided any additional support and is not contractually obligated to provide additional support to the VIEs beyond the above mentioned funding commitments.
Structured Investments
The Company invests in structured investments which are considered VIEs for which it is not the sponsor. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income instruments and are managed by third parties and include asset backed securities, commercial and residential mortgage backed securities. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities.
16

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these structures due to the size of the Company’s investment in the entities and position in the capital structure of these entities. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these structured investments is limited to its amortized cost. See Note 5 for additional information on these structured investments.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. See Note 11 for the definition of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

| March 31, 2019
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
Common stocks | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Other investments | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Syndicated loans | — |  |  | 1,609 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 1,726 |
Total investments | 5 |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 1,740 |
Receivables | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,646 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 1,768 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,731 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,731 |
Other liabilities | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,836 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,836 |

| December 31, 2018
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
Common stocks | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Other investments | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Syndicated loans | — |  |  | 1,465 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 1,691 |
Total investments | 5 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 1,706 |
Receivables | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 1,718 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,743 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,743 |
Other liabilities | — |  |  | 122 |  |  | — |  |  | 122 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,865 |

(1) | The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $1.7 billion as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

17

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | Syndicated Loans |
| (in millions)
| Balance, January 1, 2019 | $ | 226 |  |
| Purchases | 22 |  |
| Sales | (1 | ) |
| Settlements | (7 | ) |
| Transfers into Level 3 | 25 |  |
| Transfers out of Level 3 | (148 | ) |
| Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 117 |  |
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |
|  | Common Stocks |  | Syndicated Loans |
| (in millions)
| Balance, January 1, 2018 | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |
| Total gains (losses) included in: |  |  |  |
| Net income | 4 |  | (1) | 2 |  | (1)
| Purchases | — |  |  | 18 |  |
| Sales | — |  |  | (1 | ) |
| Settlements | — |  |  | (11 | ) |
| Transfers into Level 3 | 4 |  |  | 61 |  |
| Transfers out of Level 3 | (1 | ) |  | (49 | ) |
| Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |
| Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in income relating to assets held at March 31, 2018 | $ | 4 |  | (1) | $ | 2 |  | (1)

(1) Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Securities and loans transferred from Level 3 primarily represent assets with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs or priced in active markets. Securities and loans transferred to Level 3 represent assets with fair values that are now based on a single non-binding broker quote.
All Level 3 measurements as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.
Determination of Fair Value
Assets
Investments
The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services using a market approach with observable inputs is classified as Level 2. The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services with a single non-binding broker quote as the underlying valuation source is classified as Level 3. The underlying inputs used in non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company.
See Note 11 for a description of the Company’s determination of the fair value of corporate debt securities, common stocks and other investments.
Receivables
For receivables of the consolidated CLOs, the carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these assets has historically been short term and the receivables have been collectible. The fair value of these receivables is classified as Level 2.
18

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Liabilities
Debt
The fair value of the CLOs’ assets, typically syndicated bank loans, is more observable than the fair value of the CLOs’ debt tranches for which market activity is limited and less transparent. As a result, the fair value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets and is classified as Level 2.
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities consist primarily of securities purchased but not yet settled held by consolidated CLOs. The carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these liabilities has historically been short term. The fair value of these liabilities is classified as Level 2.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLOs. Management believes that the use of the fair value option better matches the changes in fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CLOs.
The following table presents the fair value and unpaid principal balance of loans and debt for which the fair value option has been elected:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Syndicated loans |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 1,780 |  |  | $ | 1,743 |
Excess unpaid principal over fair value | (54 | ) |  | (52 | )
Fair value | $ | 1,726 |  |  | $ | 1,691 |
Fair value of loans more than 90 days past due | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |
Fair value of loans in nonaccrual status | 8 |  |  | — |
Difference between fair value and unpaid principal of loans more than 90 days past due, loans in nonaccrual status or both | — |  |  | — |
Debt |  |  |
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 1,885 |  |  | $ | 1,951 |
Excess unpaid principal over fair value | (154 | ) |  | (208 | )
Carrying value (1) | $ | 1,731 |  |  | $ | 1,743 |

(1) The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $1.7 billion as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Interest income from syndicated loans, bonds and structured investments is recorded based on contractual rates in net investment income. Gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of investments and gains and losses on sales of investments are also recorded in net investment income. Interest expense on debt is recorded in interest and debt expense with gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of debt recorded in net investment income.
Total net gains (losses) recognized in net investment income related to changes in the fair value of financial assets and liabilities for which the fair value option was elected were $(4) million and $(1) million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Debt of the consolidated investment entities and the stated interest rates were as follows:

| Carrying Value |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate
March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |
Debt of consolidated CLOs due 2025-2030 | $ | 1,731 |  |  | $ | 1,743 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | 3.7 | %

The debt of the consolidated CLOs has both fixed and floating interest rates, which range from 0% to 11.4%. The interest rates on the debt of CLOs are weighted average rates based on the outstanding principal and contractual interest rates.
19

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
5. Investments
The following is a summary of Ameriprise Financial investments:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Available-for-Sale securities, at fair value | $ | 28,764 |  |  | $ | 31,058 |
Mortgage loans, net | 2,644 |  |  | 2,696 |
Policy and certificate loans | 854 |  |  | 861 |
Other investments | 1,201 |  |  | 1,210 |
Total | $ | 33,463 |  |  | $ | 35,825 |

Other investments primarily reflect the Company’s interests in affordable housing partnerships, trading securities, seed money investments, syndicated loans and held-to-maturity certificates of deposit with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of more than 90 days. The carrying value of held-to-maturity certificates of deposit was $26 million and $7 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which approximates fair value due to the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization.
The following is a summary of net investment income:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Investment income on fixed maturities | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 329 |
Net realized gains (losses) (1) | 4 |  |  | 6 |
Affordable housing partnerships | (15 | ) |  | (11 | )
Other | 32 |  |  | 46 |
Consolidated investment entities | 23 |  |  | 26 |
Total | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 396 |

(1) | Net realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on investments held by AAH, which were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. See Note 15 for additional information.

Available-for-Sale securities distributed by type were as follows:

Description of Securities | March 31, 2019
Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Noncredit OTTI (1)
| (in millions)
Corporate debt securities | $ | 12,185 |  |  | $ | 813 |  |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | 12,938 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Residential mortgage backed securities | 6,291 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | 6,301 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 4,810 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 4,801 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 1,268 |  |  | 39 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1,303 |  |  | 1 |
State and municipal obligations | 1,228 |  |  | 201 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 1,424 |  |  | — |
U.S. government and agencies obligations | 1,709 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,710 |  |  | — |
Foreign government bonds and obligations | 280 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 287 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 27,771 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 28,764 |  |  | $ | (5 | )

20

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Description of Securities | December 31, 2018
Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Noncredit OTTI (1)
| (in millions)
Corporate debt securities | $ | 13,741 |  |  | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | (230 | ) |  | $ | 14,066 |  |  | $ | — |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 6,373 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (78 | ) |  | 6,329 |  |  | — |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 4,975 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (116 | ) |  | 4,877 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 1,373 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 1,398 |  |  | 1 |
State and municipal obligations | 2,166 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 2,345 |  |  | — |
U.S. government and agencies obligations | 1,745 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | — |
Foreign government bonds and obligations | 298 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 298 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 30,671 |  |  | $ | 844 |  |  | $ | (457 | ) |  | $ | 31,058 |  |  | $ | 1 |

(1) | Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI. Amount includes unrealized gains and losses on impaired securities subsequent to the initial impairment measurement date. These amounts are included in gross unrealized gains and losses as of the end of the period.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, investment securities with a fair value of $1.8 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, were pledged to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts and short-term borrowings, of which $744 million and $510 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the counterparty.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, fixed maturity securities comprised approximately 86% and 87%, respectively, of Ameriprise Financial investments. Rating agency designations are based on the availability of ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”), including Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”). The Company uses the median of available ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, or, if fewer than three ratings are available, the lower rating is used. When ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are unavailable, the Company may utilize ratings from other NRSROs or rate the securities internally. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal analysts rated $673 million and $755 million, respectively, of securities using criteria similar to those used by NRSROs.
A summary of fixed maturity securities by rating was as follows:

Ratings | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Percent of Total Fair Value | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Percent of Total Fair Value
| (in millions, except percentages)
AAA | $ | 13,124 |  |  | $ | 13,138 |  |  | 46 | % |  | $ | 13,399 |  |  | $ | 13,252 |  |  | 43 | %
AA | 1,174 |  |  | 1,334 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,571 |  |  | 1,723 |  |  | 5 |
A | 2,962 |  |  | 3,294 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3,667 |  |  | 3,899 |  |  | 13 |
BBB | 9,549 |  |  | 10,041 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 11,102 |  |  | 11,290 |  |  | 36 |
Below investment grade (1) | 962 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 3 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 27,771 |  |  | $ | 28,764 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 30,671 |  |  | $ | 31,058 |  |  | 100 | %

(1) | The amortized cost and fair value of below investment grade securities includes interest in CLOs managed by the Company of $4 million and $6 million, respectively, at March 31, 2019, and $5 million and $6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018. These securities are not rated but are included in below investment grade due to their risk characteristics.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, approximately 37% and 36%, respectively, of the securities rated AAA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. No holdings of any other issuer were greater than 10% of total equity.
21

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following tables provide information about Available-for-Sale securities with gross unrealized losses and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

Description of Securities | March 31, 2019
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses | Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses | Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
| (in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities | 65 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | 181 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | 246 |  |  | $ | 3,006 |  |  | $ | (60 | )
Residential mortgage backed securities | 73 |  |  | 905 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 194 |  |  | 2,415 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | 267 |  |  | 3,320 |  |  | (43 | )
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 33 |  |  | 924 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 118 |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 151 |  |  | 2,925 |  |  | (41 | )
Asset backed securities | 18 |  |  | 294 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 36 |  |  | 433 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 54 |  |  | 727 |  |  | (4 | )
State and municipal obligations | 1 |  |  | 40 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 27 |  |  | 152 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (5 | )
Foreign government bonds and obligations | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 48 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (6 | )
Total | 192 |  |  | $ | 2,734 |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | 578 |  |  | $ | 7,487 |  |  | $ | (137 | ) |  | 770 |  |  | $ | 10,221 |  |  | $ | (159 | )

Description of Securities | December 31, 2018
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses | Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses | Number of Securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
| (in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities | 345 |  |  | $ | 5,522 |  |  | $ | (152 | ) |  | 148 |  |  | $ | 1,717 |  |  | $ | (78 | ) |  | 493 |  |  | $ | 7,239 |  |  | $ | (230 | )
Residential mortgage backed securities | 142 |  |  | 2,029 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 175 |  |  | 2,132 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | 317 |  |  | 4,161 |  |  | (78 | )
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 104 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 112 |  |  | 1,806 |  |  | (86 | ) |  | 216 |  |  | 3,868 |  |  | (116 | )
Asset backed securities | 38 |  |  | 491 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 35 |  |  | 396 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 73 |  |  | 887 |  |  | (11 | )
State and municipal obligations | 81 |  |  | 255 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 100 |  |  | 254 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 181 |  |  | 509 |  |  | (13 | )
Foreign government bonds and obligations | 17 |  |  | 86 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 31 |  |  | 103 |  |  | (9 | )
Total | 727 |  |  | $ | 10,445 |  |  | $ | (214 | ) |  | 584 |  |  | $ | 6,322 |  |  | $ | (243 | ) |  | 1,311 |  |  | $ | 16,767 |  |  | $ | (457 | )

As part of Ameriprise Financial’s ongoing monitoring process, management determined that the change in gross unrealized losses on its Available-for-Sale securities is primarily attributable to lower interest rates as well as tighter credit spreads.
The following table presents a rollforward of the cumulative amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for OTTI related to credit losses on Available-for-Sale securities for which a portion of the securities’ total OTTI was recognized in OCI:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Beginning balance | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |

22

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Net realized gains and losses on Available-for-Sale securities, determined using the specific identification method, recognized in earnings were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Gross realized investment gains | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Gross realized investment losses | (9 | ) |  | (1 | )
Other-than-temporary impairments | (5 | ) |  | — |
Total | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |

Other-than-temporary impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily related to investments held by AAH, which were classified as held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. See Note 15 for additional information.
See Note 16 for a rollforward of net unrealized investment gains (losses) included in AOCI.
Available-for-Sale securities by contractual maturity as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
(in millions)
Due within one year | $ | 3,194 |  |  | $ | 3,197 |
Due after one year through five years | 4,710 |  |  | 4,779 |
Due after five years through 10 years | 3,294 |  |  | 3,400 |
Due after 10 years | 4,204 |  |  | 4,983 |
| 15,402 |  |  | 16,359 |
Residential mortgage backed securities | 6,291 |  |  | 6,301 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | 4,810 |  |  | 4,801 |
Asset backed securities | 1,268 |  |  | 1,303 |
Total | $ | 27,771 |  |  | $ | 28,764 |

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. As such, these securities were not included in the maturities distribution.
23

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
6. Financing Receivables
The Company’s financing receivables primarily include commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, policy loans, certificate loans, advisor loans, margin loans and the reinsurance deposit receivable. Commercial mortgage loans, syndicated loans, policy loans and certificate loans are reflected in investments. Advisor loans, margin loans and the reinsurance deposit receivable are recorded in receivables.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Policy and certificate loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy and certificate loans, the Company does not record an allowance for loan losses. The Company monitors collateral supporting margin loans and requests additional collateral when necessary in order to mitigate the risk of loss.
Commercial Mortgage Loans and Syndicated Loans
The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended and the ending balance of the allowance for loan losses by impairment method:

| March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Beginning balance | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Charge-offs | (1 | ) |  | — |
Provisions | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 23 |  |  | 26 |

The recorded investment in financing receivables by impairment method was as follows:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,190 |  |  | 3,239 |
Total | $ | 3,209 |  |  | $ | 3,263 |

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s recorded investment in financing receivables individually evaluated for impairment for which there was no related allowance for loan losses was $19 million and $24 million, respectively. Unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts, and net unamortized deferred fees and costs are not material to the Company’s total loan balance.
During both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased $33 million of syndicated loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company sold $13 million and $3 million, respectively, of syndicated loans.
The Company has not acquired any loans with deteriorated credit quality as of the acquisition date.
Loans to Financial Advisors
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, principal amounts outstanding for advisor loans were $578 million and $558 million, respectively. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, allowance for loan losses were $25 million. The allowance for loan losses related to loans to financial advisors is not included in the table disclosures above. Of the gross balance outstanding, the portion associated with financial advisors who are no longer affiliated with the Company was $15 million and $18 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The allowance for loan losses on these loans was $12 million and $13 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
24

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Credit Quality Information
Nonperforming loans, which are generally loans 90 days or more past due, were $14 million and $16 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. All other loans were considered to be performing.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
The Company reviews the credit worthiness of the borrower and the performance of the underlying properties in order to determine the risk of loss on commercial mortgage loans. Based on this review, the commercial mortgage loans are assigned an internal risk rating, which management updates as necessary. Commercial mortgage loans which management has assigned its highest risk rating were nil of total commercial mortgage loans as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Loans with the highest risk rating represent distressed loans which the Company has identified as impaired or expects to become delinquent or enter into foreclosure within the next six months. In addition, the Company reviews the concentrations of credit risk by region and property type.
Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by U.S. region were as follows:

| Loans |  | Percentage
March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  |  |  |
East North Central | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 8 | %
East South Central | 108 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Middle Atlantic | 186 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Mountain | 235 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |
New England | 57 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Pacific | 798 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 30 |
South Atlantic | 712 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 27 |
West North Central | 205 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
West South Central | 144 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
| 2,663 |  |  | 2,715 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
Less: allowance for loan losses | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 2,644 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by property type were as follows:

| Loans |  | Percentage
March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  |  |  |
Apartments | $ | 618 |  |  | $ | 621 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 23 | %
Hotel | 42 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Industrial | 441 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Mixed use | 58 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Office | 421 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 16 |
Retail | 879 |  |  | 897 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Other | 204 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
| 2,663 |  |  | 2,715 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
Less: allowance for loan losses | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 2,644 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

25

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Syndicated Loans
The recorded investment in syndicated loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $546 million and $548 million, respectively. The Company’s syndicated loan portfolio is diversified across industries and issuers. The primary credit indicator for syndicated loans is whether the loans are performing in accordance with the contractual terms of the syndication. Total nonperforming syndicated loans as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were nil.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
The recorded investment in restructured loans was not material as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Troubled debt restructurings did not have a material impact to the Company’s allowance for loan losses or income recognized for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. There are no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans have been restructured.
Reinsurance Deposit Receivable
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company reinsured approximately $1.7 billion of fixed annuity polices sold through third parties, which is approximately 20% of in force fixed annuity account balances. The arrangement contains investment guidelines and a trust to help meet the Company’s risk management objectives. The transaction was effective as of January 1, 2019.
For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability related to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits made are included in receivables. As amounts are received, consistent with the underlying fixed annuity contracts, the reinsurance deposit receivable is adjusted. The reinsurance deposit receivable is accreted using the interest method and the adjustment is reported in other revenues.
The reinsurance deposit receivable was $1.6 billion as of March 31, 2019.
7. Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs
The balances of and changes in DAC were as follows:

| 2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Balance at January 1 | $ | 2,776 |  |  | $ | 2,676 |
Capitalization of acquisition costs | 71 |  |  | 79 |
Amortization | (16 | ) |  | (92 | )
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities | (59 | ) |  | 55 |
Reclassified to assets held for sale (1) | (15 | ) |  | — |
Balance at March 31 | $ | 2,757 |  |  | $ | 2,718 |

(1) See Note 15 for additional information on held for sale classification.
The balances of and changes in DSIC, which is included in other assets, were as follows:

| 2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Balance at January 1 | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 276 |
Capitalization of sales inducement costs | — |  |  | 1 |
Amortization | — |  |  | (11 | )
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities | (10 | ) |  | 9 |
Balance at March 31 | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 275 |

26

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
8. Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims and Separate Account Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims consisted of the following:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Policyholder account balances |  |  |
Fixed annuities (1) | $ | 9,206 |  |  | $ | 9,338 |
Variable annuity fixed sub-accounts | 5,127 |  |  | 5,129 |
Universal life (“UL”)/variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance | 3,060 |  |  | 3,063 |
Indexed universal life (“IUL”) insurance | 1,785 |  |  | 1,728 |
Other life insurance | 672 |  |  | 683 |
Total policyholder account balances | 19,850 |  |  | 19,941 |
Future policy benefits |  |  |
Variable annuity guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) | 771 |  |  | 875 |
Variable annuity guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) (2) | (45 | ) |  | (19 | )
Other annuity liabilities | 50 |  |  | 26 |
Fixed annuity life contingent liabilities | 1,459 |  |  | 1,459 |
Life and disability income insurance | 1,222 |  |  | 1,221 |
Long term care insurance | 5,088 |  |  | 4,981 |
UL/VUL and other life insurance additional liabilities | 890 |  |  | 749 |
Total future policy benefits | 9,435 |  |  | 9,292 |
Policy claims and other policyholders’ funds | 178 |  |  | 891 |
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | $ | 29,463 |  |  | $ | 30,124 |

(1) Includes fixed deferred annuities, non-life contingent fixed payout annuities and indexed annuity host contracts.
(2) Includes the fair value of GMAB embedded derivatives that was a net asset as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 reported as a contra liability.
Separate account liabilities consisted of the following:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Variable annuity | $ | 71,748 |  |  | $ | 66,913 |
VUL insurance | 7,034 |  |  | 6,451 |
Other insurance | 30 |  |  | 29 |
Threadneedle investment liabilities | 4,759 |  |  | 4,532 |
Total | $ | 83,571 |  |  | $ | 77,925 |

27

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
9. Variable Annuity and Insurance Guarantees
The majority of the variable annuity contracts offered by the Company contain guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) provisions. The Company also offers variable annuities with death benefit provisions that gross up the amount payable by a certain percentage of contract earnings, which are referred to as gain gross-up (“GGU”) benefits. In addition, the Company offers contracts with GMWB and GMAB provisions. The Company previously offered contracts containing guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) provisions.
Certain UL policies offered by the Company provide secondary guarantee benefits. The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges.
The following table provides information related to variable annuity guarantees for which the Company has established additional liabilities:

Variable Annuity Guarantees by Benefit Type (1) | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Total Contract Value |  | Contract Value in Separate Accounts |  | Net Amount at Risk |  | Weighted Average Attained Age | Total Contract Value |  | Contract Value in Separate Accounts |  | Net Amount at Risk |  | Weighted Average Attained Age
| (in millions, except age)
GMDB: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return of premium | $ | 59,779 |  |  | $ | 57,840 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | 67 |  | $ | 55,810 |  |  | $ | 53,872 |  |  | $ | 417 |  |  | 67
Five/six-year reset | 8,026 |  |  | 5,296 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 67 |  | 7,670 |  |  | 4,941 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 67
One-year ratchet | 5,891 |  |  | 5,545 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 70 |  | 5,560 |  |  | 5,210 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 70
Five-year ratchet | 1,388 |  |  | 1,331 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 66 |  | 1,307 |  |  | 1,251 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 66
Other | 1,113 |  |  | 1,093 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 72 |  | 1,033 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 72
Total — GMDB | $ | 76,197 |  |  | $ | 71,105 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | 67 |  | $ | 71,380 |  |  | $ | 66,288 |  |  | $ | 1,117 |  |  | 67
GGU death benefit | $ | 1,058 |  |  | $ | 1,006 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | 70 |  | $ | 992 |  |  | $ | 940 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | 70
GMIB | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | 70 |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | 69
GMWB: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GMWB | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 72 |  | $ | 1,990 |  |  | $ | 1,984 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 72
GMWB for life | 44,025 |  |  | 43,936 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 68 |  | 40,966 |  |  | 40,876 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 68
Total — GMWB | $ | 46,109 |  |  | $ | 46,014 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | 68 |  | $ | 42,956 |  |  | $ | 42,860 |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | 68
GMAB | $ | 2,571 |  |  | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 59 |  | $ | 2,456 |  |  | $ | 2,450 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | 59

(1) | Individual variable annuity contracts may have more than one guarantee and therefore may be included in more than one benefit type. Variable annuity contracts for which the death benefit equals the account value are not shown in this table.

The net amount at risk for GMDB, GGU and GMAB is defined as the current guaranteed benefit amount in excess of the current contract value. The net amount at risk for GMIB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments less the current contract value or zero. The net amount at risk for GMWB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed withdrawal payments less the current contract value or zero.
The following table provides information related to insurance guarantees for which the Company has established additional liabilities:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Net Amount at Risk |  | Weighted Average Attained Age | Net Amount at Risk |  | Weighted Average Attained Age
(in millions, except age)
UL secondary guarantees | $ | 6,496 |  |  | 66 |  | $ | 6,513 |  |  | 66

The net amount at risk for UL secondary guarantees is defined as the current guaranteed death benefit amount in excess of the current policyholder account balance.
28

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Changes in additional liabilities (contra liabilities) for variable annuity and insurance guarantees were as follows:

| GMDB & GGU |  | GMIB |  | GMWB (1) |  | GMAB (1) |  | UL
(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | 489 |
Incurred claims | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (261 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | 26 |
Paid claims | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (76 | ) |  | $ | 508 |
Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | 659 |
Incurred claims | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (104 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | 34 |
Paid claims | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 771 |  |  | $ | (45 | ) |  | $ | 676 |

(1) The incurred claims for GMWB and GMAB include the change in the fair value of the liabilities (contra liabilities) less paid claims.
The liabilities for guaranteed benefits are supported by general account assets.
The following table summarizes the distribution of separate account balances by asset type for variable annuity contracts providing guaranteed benefits:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Mutual funds: |  |  |
Equity | $ | 42,976 |  |  | $ | 39,764 |
Bond | 22,622 |  |  | 21,190 |
Other | 5,748 |  |  | 5,568 |
Total mutual funds | $ | 71,346 |  |  | $ | 66,522 |

10. Debt
The balances and the stated interest rates of outstanding debt of Ameriprise Financial were as follows:

| Outstanding Balance |  | Stated Interest Rate
March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  |
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes due 2019 | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | 7.3 | % |  | 7.3 | %
Senior notes due 2020 | 750 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 5.3 |
Senior notes due 2022 | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | — |
Senior notes due 2023 | 750 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4.0 |
Senior notes due 2024 | 550 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 3.7 |
Senior notes due 2026 | 500 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 2.9 |
Finance lease liabilities | 55 |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other (1) | (11 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  |  |  |
Total long-term debt | 3,394 |  |  | 2,867 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances | 151 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.6 |
Repurchase agreements | 50 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.6 |
Total short-term borrowings | 201 |  |  | 201 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 3,595 |  |  | $ | 3,068 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Amounts include adjustments for fair value hedges on the Company’s long-term debt and unamortized discount and debt issuance costs. See Note 13 for information on the Company’s fair value hedges.
Long-term Debt
On March 22, 2019, the Company issued $500 million of unsecured senior notes due March 22, 2022 and incurred debt issuance costs of $3 million. Interest payments are due semi-annually in arrears on March 22 and September 22, commencing on September 22, 2019.
Short-term Borrowings
The Company enters into repurchase agreements in exchange for cash, which it accounts for as secured borrowings and has pledged Available-for-Sale securities to collateralize its obligations under the repurchase agreements. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has pledged $52 million of agency residential mortgage backed securities. The remaining maturity of outstanding repurchase agreements was less than four months as of March 31, 2019 and less than three months as of December 31, 2018. The stated interest rate of the repurchase agreements is a weighted average annualized interest rate on repurchase agreements held as of the balance sheet date.
The Company’s life insurance subsidiary is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines which provides access to collateralized borrowings. The Company has pledged Available-for-Sale securities consisting of commercial mortgage backed securities to collateralize its obligation under these borrowings. The fair value of the securities pledged is recorded in investments and was $803 million and $780 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The remaining maturity of outstanding FHLB advances was less than three months as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The stated interest rate of the FHLB advances is a weighted average annualized interest rate on outstanding borrowings as of the balance sheet date.
On October 12, 2017, the Company entered into an amended and restated credit agreement that provides for an unsecured revolving credit facility of up to $750 million that expires in October 2022. Under the terms of the credit agreement for the facility, the Company may increase the amount of this facility up to $1.0 billion upon satisfaction of certain approval requirements. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no borrowings outstanding and $1 million of letters of credit issued against the facility. The Company’s credit facility contains various administrative, reporting, legal and financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
11. Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; that is, an exit price. The exit price assumes the asset or liability is not exchanged subject to a forced liquidation or distressed sale.
Valuation Hierarchy
The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used by the Company’s valuation techniques. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
Level 2 Prices or valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities of Ameriprise Financial measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

| March 31, 2019 |
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 2,656 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,855 |  |
Available-for-Sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 12,091 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 12,938 |  |
Residential mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 6,264 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 6,301 |  |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 4,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,801 |  |
Asset backed securities | — |  |  | 1,297 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,303 |  |
State and municipal obligations | — |  |  | 1,424 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,424 |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | 1,710 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,710 |  |
Foreign government bonds and obligations | — |  |  | 287 |  |  | — |  |  | 287 |  |
Total Available-for-Sale securities | 1,710 |  |  | 26,164 |  |  | 890 |  |  | 28,764 |  |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |
Equity securities at net asset value (“NAV”) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | (1)
Trading securities | 11 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |
Separate account assets at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83,571 |  | (1)
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |  |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivative contracts | 3 |  |  | 933 |  |  | — |  |  | 936 |  |
Equity derivative contracts | 84 |  |  | 1,941 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,025 |  |
Foreign exchange derivative contracts | 5 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |
Total other assets | 92 |  |  | 2,920 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,012 |  |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 2,244 |  |  | $ | 31,785 |  |  | $ | 890 |  |  | $ | 118,496 |  |

Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |
IUL embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 745 |  |  | 745 |  |
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | 180 |  | (2)
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 948 |  |  | 951 |  | (3)
Customer deposits | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivative contracts | — |  |  | 366 |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |  |
Equity derivative contracts | 34 |  |  | 2,591 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,625 |  |
Credit derivative contracts | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |
Foreign exchange derivative contracts | 1 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |
Other | 10 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 48 |  |
Total other liabilities | 45 |  |  | 3,017 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3,093 |  |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 3,033 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 4,057 |  |

29

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

| December 31, 2018 |
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,505 |  |
Available-for-Sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 13,153 |  |  | 913 |  |  | 14,066 |  |
Residential mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 6,193 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 6,329 |  |
Commercial mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 4,857 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 4,877 |  |
Asset backed securities | — |  |  | 1,392 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,398 |  |
State and municipal obligations | — |  |  | 2,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,345 |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | 1,745 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,745 |  |
Foreign government bonds and obligations | — |  |  | 298 |  |  | — |  |  | 298 |  |
Total Available-for-Sale securities | 1,745 |  |  | 28,238 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 31,058 |  |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |
Equity securities at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | (1)
Trading securities | 36 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |
Separate account assets at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77,925 |  | (1)
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes | 301 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivative contracts | — |  |  | 796 |  |  | — |  |  | 796 |  |
Equity derivative contracts | 191 |  |  | 1,527 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,718 |  |
Foreign exchange derivative contracts | 5 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |
Total other assets | 196 |  |  | 2,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,574 |  |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 2,433 |  |  | $ | 33,005 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | 114,444 |  |

Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |
IUL embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 628 |  |  | 628 |  |
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 328 |  |  | 328 |  | (4)
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 970 |  |  | 973 |  | (5)
Customer deposits | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivative contracts | — |  |  | 424 |  |  | — |  |  | 424 |  |
Equity derivative contracts | 78 |  |  | 2,076 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,154 |  |
Credit derivative contracts | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |
Foreign exchange derivative contracts | 4 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |
Other | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 49 |  |
Total other liabilities | 95 |  |  | 2,555 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 2,680 |  |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 2,564 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 3,659 |  |

(1) Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(2) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $557 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $377 million of individual contracts in an asset position as of March 31, 2019.

(3) | The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $(536) million cumulative increase (decrease) to the embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2019.

(4) | The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $646 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $318 million of individual contracts in an asset position as of December 31, 2018.

(5) | The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $(726) million cumulative increase (decrease) to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2018.

30

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities of Ameriprise Financial measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

| Available-for-Sale Securities |
Corporate Debt Securities |  | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities |  | Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities |  | Asset Backed Securities |  | Total
(in millions) |
Balance, January 1, 2019 | $ | 913 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |
Total gains (losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |
Settlements | (81 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (85 | ) |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | (95 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | — |  |  | (115 | ) |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 890 |  |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at March 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
| Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims |  | Other Liabilities |
Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives |  | IUL Embedded Derivatives |  | GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives |  | Total
(in millions) |
Balance, January 1, 2019 | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 628 |  |  | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |
Total (gains) losses included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 2 |  | (1) | 98 |  | (1) | (230 | ) | (2) | (130 | ) |  | 1 |  | (3)
Issues | 7 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 127 |  |  | — |  |
Settlements | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | — |  |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 98 |  | (1) | $ | (230 | ) | (2) | $ | (132 | ) |  | $ | — |  |
| Available-for-Sale Securities |
Corporate Debt Securities |  | Residential Mortgage Backed Securities |  | Asset Backed Securities |  | Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2018 | $ | 1,139 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 1,301 |  |
Total gains (losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) | (4)
Other comprehensive loss | (14 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |
Purchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |
Settlements | (29 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (36 | ) |
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 1,258 |  |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at March 31, 2018 | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) | (4)

31

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

| Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims |  | Other Liabilities |
Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives |  | IUL Embedded Derivatives |  | GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives |  | Total
(in millions) |
Balance, January 1, 2018 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | (49 | ) |  | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |
Total (gains) losses included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | (25 | ) | (1) | (356 | ) | (2) | (381 | ) |  | — |  |
Issues | 3 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 106 |  |  | — |  |
Settlements | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | (329 | ) |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at March 31, 2018 | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25 | ) | (1) | $ | (348 | ) | (2) | $ | (373 | ) |  | $ | — |  |

(1) Included in interest credited to fixed accounts in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Included in benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Included in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(4) Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The increase (decrease) to pretax income of the Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk on the fair value of its embedded derivatives was $(158) million and $33 million, net of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Securities transferred from Level 3 primarily represent securities with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs.
The following tables provide a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements developed by the Company or reasonably available to the Company of Level 3 assets and liabilities:

| March 31, 2019
Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average
(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements) | $ | 846 |  | Discounted cash flow | Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries | 0.8 | % | – | 2.8% | 1.3 | %
Asset backed securities | $ | 6 |  | Discounted cash flow | Annual short-term default rate | 2.8% |
|  |  | Annual long-term default rate | 2.5% |
|  |  | Discount rate | 11.5% |
|  |  | Constant prepayment rate | 5.0 | % | – | 10.0% | 10.0 | %
|  |  | Loss recovery | 36.4 | % | – | 63.6% | 63.6 | %
IUL embedded derivatives | $ | 745 |  | Discounted cash flow | Nonperformance risk (1) | 85 bps |
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives | $ | 23 |  | Discounted cash flow | Surrender rate | 0.0 | % | – | 50.0% |
|  |  |  | Nonperformance risk (1) | 85 bps |
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | $ | 180 |  | Discounted cash flow | Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (2) | 0.0 | % | – | 36.0% |
|  |  |  | Surrender rate | 0.1 | % | – | 73.4% |
|  |  |  | Market volatility (3) | 3.9 | % | – | 15.4% |
|  |  |  | Nonperformance risk (1) | 85 bps |
Contingent consideration liabilities | $ | 31 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 9.0% |

32

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

| December 31, 2018
Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average
(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements) | $ | 912 |  | Discounted cash flow | Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries | 1.0 | % | – | 3.6% | 1.5 | %
Asset backed securities | $ | 6 |  | Discounted cash flow | Annual short-term default rate | 2.3% |
|  |  | Annual long-term default rate | 2.5 | % | – | 3.0% | 2.9 | %
|  |  | Discount rate | 11.5% |
|  |  | Constant prepayment rate | 5.0 | % | – | 10.0% | 10.0 | %
|  |  | Loss recovery | 36.4 | % | – | 63.6% | 63.6 | %
IUL embedded derivatives | $ | 628 |  | Discounted cash flow | Nonperformance risk (1) | 119 bps |
Indexed annuity embedded derivatives | $ | 14 |  | Discounted cash flow | Surrender rate | 0.0 | % | – | 50.0% |
|  |  | Nonperformance risk (1) | 119 bps |
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | $ | 328 |  | Discounted cash flow | Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (2) | 0.0 | % | – | 36.0% |
|  |  | Surrender rate | 0.1 | % | – | 73.4% |
|  |  |  | Market volatility (3) | 4.0 | % | – | 16.1% |
|  |  |  | Nonperformance risk (1) | 119 bps |
Contingent consideration liabilities | $ | 30 |  | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 9.0% |

(1) | The nonperformance risk is the spread added to the observable interest rates used in the valuation of the embedded derivatives.

(2) | The utilization of guaranteed withdrawals represents the percentage of contractholders that will begin withdrawing in any given year.

(3) | Market volatility is implied volatility of fund of funds and managed volatility funds.

Level 3 measurements not included in the table above are obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements
Significant increases (decreases) in the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 corporate debt securities in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in the annual default rate and discount rate used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 asset backed securities in isolation, generally, would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement and significant increases (decreases) in loss recovery in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the constant prepayment rate in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk used in the fair value measurement of the IUL embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurement of the indexed annuity embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value.
Significant increases (decreases) in utilization and volatility used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) liability value. Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value. Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals and surrender rates vary with the type of rider, the duration of the policy, the age of the contractholder, the distribution channel and whether the value of the guaranteed benefit exceeds the contract accumulation value.
Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
33

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Determination of Fair Value
The Company uses valuation techniques consistent with the market and income approaches to measure the fair value of its assets and liabilities. The Company’s market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company’s income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future projected cash flows to a single discounted present value amount. When applying either approach, the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs.
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.
Assets
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include time deposits and other highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less. Actively traded money market funds are measured at their NAV and classified as Level 1. The Company’s remaining cash equivalents are classified as Level 2 and measured at amortized cost, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization.
Investments (Available-for-Sale Securities, Equity Securities and Trading Securities)
When available, the fair value of securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are obtained from third-party pricing services, non-binding broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques.
Level 1 securities primarily include U.S. Treasuries.
Level 2 securities primarily include corporate bonds, residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, asset backed securities, state and municipal obligations and foreign government securities. The fair value of these Level 2 securities is based on a market approach with prices obtained from third-party pricing services. Observable inputs used to value these securities can include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads and non-binding broker quotes.
Level 3 securities primarily include certain corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities. The fair value of corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and certain asset backed securities classified as Level 3 is typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The underlying inputs used for some of the non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company. The Company’s privately placed corporate bonds are typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The fair value of certain asset backed securities is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Inputs used to determine the expected cash flows include assumptions about discount rates and default, prepayment and recovery rates of the underlying assets. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs to this fair value measurement, the fair value of the investment in certain asset backed securities is classified as Level 3.
In consideration of the above, management is responsible for the fair values recorded on the financial statements. Prices received from third-party pricing services are subjected to exception reporting that identifies investments with significant daily price movements as well as no movements. The Company reviews the exception reporting and resolves the exceptions through reaffirmation of the price or recording an appropriate fair value estimate. The Company also performs subsequent transaction testing. The Company performs annual due diligence of third-party pricing services. The Company’s due diligence procedures include assessing the vendor’s valuation qualifications, control environment, analysis of asset-class specific valuation methodologies, and understanding of sources of market observable assumptions and unobservable assumptions, if any, employed in the valuation methodology. The Company also considers the results of its exception reporting controls and any resulting price challenges that arise.
Separate Account Assets
The fair value of assets held by separate accounts is determined by the NAV of the funds in which those separate accounts are invested. The NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value and represents the exit price for the separate account assets. Separate account assets are excluded from classification in the fair value hierarchy.
Investments and Cash Equivalents Segregated for Regulatory Purposes
Investments and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes includes U.S. Treasuries that are classified as Level 1.
Other Assets
Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as foreign currency forwards, or derivatives that are exchange-traded are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The counterparties’ nonperformance risk associated with
34

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
uncollateralized derivative assets was immaterial as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. See Note 12 and Note 13 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.
Liabilities
Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims
The Company values the embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of certain variable annuity riders using internal valuation models. These models calculate fair value by discounting expected cash flows from benefits plus margins for profit, risk and expenses less embedded derivative fees. The projected cash flows used by these models include observable capital market assumptions and incorporate significant unobservable inputs related to contractholder behavior assumptions, implied volatility, and margins for risk, profit and expenses that the Company believes an exit market participant would expect. The fair value also reflects a current estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk specific to these embedded derivatives. Given the significant unobservable inputs to this valuation, these measurements are classified as Level 3. The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.
The Company uses various Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its fixed index annuity and IUL products. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its equity index annuity product. The projected cash flows generated by this model are based on significant observable inputs related to interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and, therefore, are classified as Level 2. The fair value of fixed index annuity and IUL embedded derivatives includes significant observable interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and the significant unobservable estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. Given the significance of the nonperformance risk assumption to the fair value, the fixed index annuity and IUL embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3. The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.
Customer Deposits
The Company uses various Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liability associated with the provisions of its stock market certificates (“SMC”). The inputs to these calculations are primarily market observable and include interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels. As a result, these measurements are classified as Level 2.
Other Liabilities
Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as foreign currency forwards, or derivatives that are exchange-traded, are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active OTC markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The Company’s nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative liabilities was immaterial as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. See Note 12 and Note 13 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.
Securities sold but not yet purchased include highly liquid investments which are short-term in nature. Securities sold but not yet purchased are measured using amortized cost, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization and are classified as Level 2.
Contingent consideration liabilities consist of earn-outs and/or deferred payments related to the Company’s acquisitions. Contingent consideration liabilities are recorded at fair value using a discounted cash flow model under multiple scenarios and an unobservable input (discount rate). Given the use of a significant unobservable input, the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company assesses its investment in affordable housing partnerships for other-than-temporary impairment. The investments that are determined to be OTTI are written down to their fair value. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to measure the fair value of these investments. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model are estimates of future net operating losses and tax credits available to the Company and discount rates based on market condition and the financial strength of the syndicator (general partner). The balance of affordable housing partnerships measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was $104 million and $112 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
35

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Asset and Liabilities Not Reported at Fair Value
The following tables provide the carrying value and the estimated fair value of financial instruments that are not reported at fair value:

| March 31, 2019 |
Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans, net | $ | 2,644 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,657 |  |  | $ | 2,657 |  |
Policy and certificate loans | 854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 802 |  |  | 802 |  |
Receivables | 3,209 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 2,125 |  |  | 3,169 |  |
Restricted and segregated cash | 2,332 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,332 |  |
Other investments and assets | 590 |  |  | — |  |  | 522 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 583 |  |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | $ | 9,456 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,867 |  |  | $ | 9,867 |  |
Investment certificate reserves | 8,126 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,099 |  |  | 8,099 |  |
Brokerage customer deposits | 3,397 |  |  | 3,397 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,397 |  |
Separate account liabilities at NAV | 5,098 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,098 |  | (1)
Debt and other liabilities | 3,695 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 3,617 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 3,762 |  |

| December 31, 2018 |
Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(in millions)
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans, net | $ | 2,696 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,661 |  |  | $ | 2,661 |  |
Policy and certificate loans | 861 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 810 |  |  | 810 |  |
Receivables | 1,677 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 489 |  |  | 1,633 |  |
Restricted and segregated cash | 2,609 |  |  | 2,609 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,609 |  |
Other investments and assets | 572 |  |  | — |  |  | 491 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 551 |  |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | $ | 9,609 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,672 |  |  | $ | 9,672 |  |
Investment certificate reserves | 7,886 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,845 |  |  | 7,845 |  |
Brokerage customer deposits | 3,660 |  |  | 3,660 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,660 |  |
Separate account liabilities at NAV | 4,843 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,843 |  | (1)
Debt and other liabilities | 3,296 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 3,059 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 3,304 |  |

(1) Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Receivables include the reinsurance deposit receivable, brokerage margin loans, securities borrowed and loans to financial advisors. Restricted and segregated cash includes cash segregated under federal and other regulations held in special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of the Company’s brokerage customers. Other investments and assets primarily include syndicated loans, certificate of deposits with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of more than 90 days, the Company’s membership in the FHLB and investments related to the Community Reinvestment Act. See Note 6 for additional information on mortgage loans, policy loans, certificate loans, syndicated loans and the reinsurance deposit receivable.
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefit and claims include fixed annuities in deferral status, non-life contingent fixed annuities in payout status, indexed annuity host contracts and the fixed portion of a small number of variable annuity contracts classified as investment contracts. See Note 8 for additional information on these liabilities. Investment certificate reserves represent customer deposits for fixed rate certificates and stock market certificates. Brokerage customer deposits are amounts payable to
36

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
brokerage customers related to free credit balances, funds deposited by customers and funds accruing to customers as a result of trades or contracts. Separate account liabilities primarily relate to investment contracts in pooled pension funds offered by Threadneedle. Debt and other liabilities include the Company’s long-term debt, short-term borrowings, securities loaned and future funding commitments to affordable housing partnerships and other real estate partnerships. See Note 10 for further information on the Company’s long-term debt and short-term borrowings.
12. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain financial instruments and derivative instruments are eligible for offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s derivative instruments, repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending agreements are subject to master netting and collateral arrangements and qualify for offset. A master netting arrangement with a counterparty creates a right of offset for amounts due to and from that same counterparty that is enforceable in the event of a default or bankruptcy. Securities borrowed and loaned result from transactions between the Company’s broker dealer subsidiary and other financial institutions and are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are primarily equity securities. The Company’s securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions generally do not have a fixed maturity date and may be terminated by either party under customary terms.
The Company’s policy is to recognize amounts subject to master netting arrangements on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s assets subject to master netting arrangements:

| March 31, 2019
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1) |  | Cash Collateral |  | Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTC | $ | 2,959 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,959 |  |  | $ | (2,339 | ) |  | $ | (573 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | 11 |
OTC cleared | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Exchange-traded | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Total derivatives | 3,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,012 |  |  | (2,370 | ) |  | (573 | ) |  | (36 | ) |  | 33 |
Securities borrowed | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71 | ) |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 3,098 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,098 |  |  | $ | (2,384 | ) |  | $ | (573 | ) |  | $ | (107 | ) |  | $ | 34 |

| December 31, 2018
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1) |  | Cash Collateral |  | Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTC | $ | 2,525 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,525 |  |  | $ | (2,075 | ) |  | $ | (403 | ) |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 21 |
OTC cleared | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Exchange-traded | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total derivatives | 2,574 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,574 |  |  | (2,099 | ) |  | (403 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | 46 |
Securities borrowed | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | 179 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | — |  |  | (139 | ) |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 2,753 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,753 |  |  | $ | (2,136 | ) |  | $ | (403 | ) |  | $ | (165 | ) |  | $ | 49 |

(1) Represents the amount of assets that could be offset by liabilities with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
37

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s liabilities subject to master netting arrangements:

| March 31, 2019
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1) |  | Cash Collateral |  | Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTC | $ | 3,001 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,001 |  |  | $ | (2,339 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (612 | ) |  | $ | — |
OTC cleared | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Exchange-traded | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total derivatives | 3,045 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,045 |  |  | (2,370 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | (612 | ) |  | 13 |
Securities loaned | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (88 | ) |  | 3 |
Repurchase agreements | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50 | ) |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,200 |  |  | $ | (2,384 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (750 | ) |  | $ | 16 |

| December 31, 2018
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments (1) |  | Cash Collateral |  | Securities Collateral
(in millions)
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTC | $ | 2,597 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,597 |  |  | $ | (2,075 | ) |  | $ | (89 | ) |  | $ | (430 | ) |  | $ | 3 |
OTC cleared | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Exchange-traded | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Total derivatives | 2,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,631 |  |  | (2,099 | ) |  | (89 | ) |  | (430 | ) |  | 13 |
Securities loaned | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  | 5 |
Repurchase agreements | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50 | ) |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,869 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,869 |  |  | $ | (2,136 | ) |  | $ | (89 | ) |  | $ | (626 | ) |  | $ | 18 |

(1) Represents the amount of liabilities that could be offset by assets with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In the tables above, the amount of assets or liabilities presented are offset first by financial instruments that have the right of offset under master netting or similar arrangements, then any remaining amount is reduced by the amount of cash and securities collateral. The actual collateral may be greater than amounts presented in the tables.
When the fair value of collateral accepted by the Company is less than the amount due to the Company, there is a risk of loss if the counterparty fails to perform or provide additional collateral. To mitigate this risk, the Company monitors collateral values regularly and requires additional collateral when necessary. When the value of collateral pledged by the Company declines, it may be required to post additional collateral.
Freestanding derivative instruments are reflected in other assets and other liabilities. Cash collateral pledged by the Company is reflected in other assets and cash collateral accepted by the Company is reflected in other liabilities. Repurchase agreements are reflected in short-term borrowings. Securities borrowing and lending agreements are reflected in receivables and other liabilities, respectively. See Note 13 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s derivative instruments, Note 10 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s repurchase agreements and Note 4 for information related to derivatives held by consolidated investment entities.
38

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
13. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments enable the Company to manage its exposure to various market risks. The value of such instruments is derived from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including equity, foreign exchange and interest rate indices or prices. The Company primarily enters into derivative agreements for risk management purposes related to the Company’s products and operations.
The Company’s freestanding derivative instruments are all subject to master netting arrangements. The Company’s policy on the recognition of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives and collateral arrangements executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. See Note 12 for additional information regarding the estimated fair value of the Company’s freestanding derivatives after considering the effect of master netting arrangements and collateral.
The Company uses derivatives as economic hedges and accounting hedges. The following table presents the notional value and gross fair value of derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Notional |  | Gross Fair Value | Notional |  | Gross Fair Value
Assets (1) |  | Liabilities (2)(3) | Assets (1) |  | Liabilities (2)(3)
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts – fair value hedges | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange contracts – net investment hedges | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total qualifying hedges | 744 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 778 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | 59,421 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 58,244 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 424 |
Equity contracts | 53,748 |  |  | 2,025 |  |  | 2,625 |  |  | 54,079 |  |  | 1,718 |  |  | 2,154 |
Credit contracts | 1,507 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Foreign exchange contracts | 4,993 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 4,908 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 35 |
Other contracts | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total non-designated hedges | 119,671 |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | 3,045 |  |  | 118,442 |  |  | 2,566 |  |  | 2,631 |
Embedded derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GMWB and GMAB (4) | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 328 |
IUL | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 745 |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 628 |
Indexed annuities | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
SMC | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total embedded derivatives | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 964 |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 979 |
Total derivatives | $ | 120,415 |  |  | $ | 3,012 |  |  | $ | 4,009 |  |  | $ | 119,220 |  |  | $ | 2,574 |  |  | $ | 3,610 |

N/A Not applicable.
(1) The fair value of freestanding derivative assets is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) The fair value of freestanding derivative liabilities is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of GMWB and GMAB, IUL, and indexed annuity embedded derivatives is included in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the SMC embedded derivative liability is included in Customer deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3) The fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities after considering the effects of master netting arrangements, cash collateral held by the same counterparty and the fair value of net embedded derivatives was $1.6 billion and $1.4 billion as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Note 12 for additional information related to master netting arrangements and cash collateral. See Note 4 for information about derivatives held by consolidated VIEs.
(4) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives as of March 31, 2019 included $557 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $377 million of individual contracts in an asset position. The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2018 included $646 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $318 million of individual contracts in an asset position.
See Note 11 for additional information regarding the Company’s fair value measurement of derivative instruments.
39

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, investment securities with a fair value of $53 million and $28 million, respectively, were received as collateral to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts, of which $53 million and $28 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the Company. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had sold, pledged or rehypothecated nil of these securities. In addition, as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, non-cash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
The following tables present a summary of the impact of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, including embedded derivatives, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

| Net Investment Income |  | Banking and Deposit Interest Expense |  | Distribution Expenses |  | Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts |  | Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses |  | General and Administrative Expense
(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity contracts | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 48 |  |  | (700 | ) |  | 8 |
Credit contracts | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (1 | )
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | — |
IUL embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (81 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Indexed annuities embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
SMC embedded derivatives | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total gain (loss) | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | (35 | ) |  | $ | (256 | ) |  | $ | 7 |

| Net Investment Income |  | Banking and Deposit Interest Expense |  | Distribution Expenses |  | Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts |  | Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses |  | General and Administrative Expense
(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (398 | ) |  | $ | — |
Equity contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 25 |  |  | — |
Credit contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2 | )
GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | — |
IUL embedded derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
SMC embedded derivatives | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total gain (loss) | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | (2 | )

The Company holds derivative instruments that either do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. These derivative instruments are used as economic hedges of equity, interest rate, credit and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to various products and transactions of the Company.
Certain annuity contracts contain GMWB or GMAB provisions, which guarantee the right to make limited partial withdrawals each contract year regardless of the volatility inherent in the underlying investments or guarantee a minimum accumulation value of consideration received at the beginning of the contract period, after a specified holding period, respectively. The GMAB and non-life contingent GMWB provisions are considered embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from their host contracts for valuation purposes and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The Company economically hedges the exposure related to GMAB and non-life contingent GMWB provisions using options (equity index, interest rate swaptions, etc.), swaps (interest rate, total return, etc.) and futures.
40

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The deferred premium associated with certain of the above options and swaptions is paid or received semi-annually over the life of the contract or at maturity. The following is a summary of the payments the Company is scheduled to make and receive for these options and swaptions as of March 31, 2019:

| Premiums Payable |  | Premiums Receivable
(in millions)
2019 (1) | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | 140 |
2020 | 216 |  |  | 135 |
2021 | 187 |  |  | 127 |
2022 | 239 |  |  | 200 |
2023 | 141 |  |  | 42 |
2024 - 2028 | 431 |  |  | 17 |
Total | $ | 1,502 |  |  | $ | 661 |

(1) 2019 amounts represent the amounts payable and receivable for the period from April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.
Actual timing and payment amounts may differ due to future settlements, modifications or exercises of the contracts prior to the full premium being paid or received.
The Company has a macro hedge program to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from variable annuity reserves on its statutory surplus and to cover some of the residual risks not covered by other hedging activities. As a means of economically hedging these risks, the Company may use a combination of futures, options, swaps and swaptions. Certain of the macro hedge derivatives may contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates. The Company’s macro hedge derivatives that contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates, if any, are shown in other contracts in the tables above.
Indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate products have returns tied to the performance of equity markets. As a result of fluctuations in equity markets, the obligation incurred by the Company related to indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate products will positively or negatively impact earnings over the life of these products. The equity component of indexed annuity, IUL and stock market certificate product obligations are considered embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from their host contracts for valuation purposes and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. As a means of economically hedging its obligations under the provisions of these products, the Company enters into index options and futures contracts.
The Company enters into futures, credit default swaps and commodity swaps to manage its exposure to price risk arising from seed money investments in proprietary investment products. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge its exposure to certain foreign transactions. The Company enters into futures contracts to economically hedge its exposure related to compensation plans. In 2015, the Company entered into interest rate swaps to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company has designated derivative instruments as a cash flow hedge of interest rate exposure on forecasted debt interest payments. For derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is reported in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged item or transaction impacts earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented within the same line item as the earnings impact of the hedged item in interest and debt expense.
Prior to the adoption of the new accounting standard Derivatives and Hedging - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments in AOCI and any ineffective portion in current period earnings. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, no amounts were recorded in earnings for hedge ineffectiveness. See Note 2 for additional information on the adoption of the new accounting standard.
For both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings related to cash flow hedges were immaterial. The estimated net amount recorded in AOCI as of March 31, 2019 that the Company expects to reclassify to earnings as a reduction to interest and debt expense within the next twelve months is $1 million. Currently, the longest period of time over which the Company is hedging exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 16 years and relates to forecasted debt interest payments. See Note 16 for a rollforward of net unrealized derivative gains (losses) included in AOCI related to cash flow hedges.
41

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
Fair Value Hedges
The Company entered into and designated as fair value hedges two interest rate swaps to convert senior notes due 2019 and 2020 from fixed rate debt to floating rate debt. The swaps have identical terms as the underlying debt being hedged. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the derivatives and the related hedged items within interest and debt expense. See Note 10 for the cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.
The following table is a summary of the impact of fair value hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in millions)
Total interest and debt expense per Consolidated Statements of Operations | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 51 |
Gain (loss) on interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges: |  |  |
Hedged items | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges | (1 | ) |  | (8 | )

Net Investment Hedges
The Company entered into, and designated as net investment hedges in foreign operations, forward contracts to hedge a portion of the Company’s foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with its investment in Threadneedle. As the Company determined that the forward contracts are effective, the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized in AOCI as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a loss of $3 million and $7 million, respectively, in OCI.
Credit Risk
Credit risk associated with the Company’s derivatives is the risk that a derivative counterparty will not perform in accordance with the terms of the applicable derivative contract. To mitigate such risk, the Company has established guidelines and oversight of credit risk through a comprehensive enterprise risk management program that includes members of senior management. Key components of this program are to require preapproval of counterparties and the use of master netting and collateral arrangements whenever practical. See Note 12 for additional information on the Company’s credit exposure related to derivative assets.
Certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that adjust the level of collateral the Company is required to post based on the Company’s debt rating (or based on the financial strength of the Company’s life insurance subsidiaries for contracts in which those subsidiaries are the counterparty). Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that allow the counterparty to terminate the contract if the Company’s debt does not maintain a specific credit rating (generally an investment grade rating) or the Company’s life insurance subsidiary does not maintain a specific financial strength rating. If these termination provisions were to be triggered, the Company’s counterparty could require immediate settlement of any net liability position. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the aggregate fair value of derivative contracts in a net liability position containing such credit contingent provisions was $273 million and $171 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of assets posted as collateral for such instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $272 million and $170 million, respectively. If the credit contingent provisions of derivative contracts in a net liability position as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were triggered, the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be posted as collateral or needed to settle the instruments immediately would have been $1 million for both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
14. Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases for corporate and field offices. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception or modification. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and corresponding lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Certain lease incentives such as free rent periods are recorded as a reduction of the ROU asset. The Company uses an incremental borrowing rate that is readily available in determining the present value of future lease payments. Lease expense for operating ROU assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Certain leases include one or more options to renew with terms that can extend the lease from one year to twenty years. The exercise of any lease renewal option is at the sole discretion of the Company. Renewal options are included in the ROU assets and lease liabilities when they either provide an economic incentive to renew or when the costs related to the termination of a lease outweigh the benefits of signing a new lease. See Note 2 for further discussion on the Company's accounting policy on leases.
42

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following table presents the balances for operating and finance ROU assets and lease liabilities:

Leases |  | Classification |  | March 31, 2019
|  | (in millions)
Assets |  |  |  |
Operating lease assets |  | Other assets |  | $ | 225 |
Finance lease assets |  | Other assets |  | 46 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 271 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | 248 |
Finance lease liabilities |  | Long-term debt |  | 55 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 303 |

The components of lease expense include operating and finance lease costs. Operating lease costs were $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Finance lease costs were $2 million for the three month ended March 31, 2019 and consisted of $2 million in amortization. The amount of interest expense on finance leases is immaterial. These costs are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Maturities of lease liabilities, weighted-average remaining term and weighted-average discount rate are as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities |  | March 31, 2019
Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
|  | (in millions)
2019 |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 42 |
2020 |  | 14 |  |  | 56 |
2021 |  | 7 |  |  | 42 |
2022 |  | 7 |  |  | 35 |
2023 |  | 7 |  |  | 27 |
Thereafter |  | 14 |  |  | 73 |
Total lease payments |  | 60 |  |  | 275 |
Less: Interest |  | (5 | ) |  | (27 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 248 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  | 6.6 |  |  | 6.4 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.2 | %

Maturities of lease liabilities prior to the adoption of new lease guidance were as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities |  | December 31, 2018
Operating Leases
|  | (in millions)
2019 |  | $ | 61 |
2020 |  | 53 |
2021 |  | 40 |
2022 |  | 33 |
2023 |  | 26 |
Thereafter |  | 65 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 278 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, operating cash flows included $15 million of cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, financing cash flows included $3 million of cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of finance lease liabilities.
43

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
15. Held for Sale Classification
On April 2, 2019, the Company announced it signed a definitive agreement with a subsidiary of American Family Insurance Mutual Holding Company (American Family Insurance) for the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home, a business unit of Ameriprise Financial. The Ameriprise Auto & Home legal entities are being sold in the transaction. The Company will receive gross proceeds of $1.05 billion in cash. After a payment to an affinity partner, the net proceeds will be approximately $950 million, subject to certain post-closing financial adjustments. The transaction is subject to customary conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the second half of 2019.
A business is required to be classified as held for sale in the period in which the following criteria are met: (i) management has approved the sale and commits to a plan to sell the business, (ii) the business is available for immediate sale, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated, (iv) the sale of the business is probable and the transfer of the business is expected to occur within one year, (v) the business is being actively marketed and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company has met the requirements to classify assets and liabilities related to AAH as held for sale on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. A business classified as held for sale is recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. If the carrying amount of the business exceeds its estimated fair value, a loss is recognized. The Company did not recognize a loss as the carrying amount of the business did not exceed its estimated fair value as of March 31, 2019. The Company recognized an impairment of $5 million in the first quarter of 2019 on investments held by AAH as the Company no longer intends to hold the securities until the recovery of fair value to book value.
The following table summarizes the components of assets and liabilities held for sale on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019:

| (in millions)
Assets |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 111 |
Investments | 1,634 |
Receivables | 229 |
Deferred acquisition costs | 15 |
Other assets | 38 |
Total assets held for sale | $ | 2,027 |
Liabilities |
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims | $ | 709 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 89 |
Other liabilities | 373 |
Total liabilities held for sale | $ | 1,171 |

44

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
16. Shareholders’ Equity
The following tables provide the amounts related to each component of OCI:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
Pretax |  | Income Tax Benefit (Expense) |  | Net of Tax | Pretax |  | Income Tax Benefit (Expense) |  | Net of Tax
(in millions)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period (1) | $ | 657 |  |  | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | (552 | ) |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | (429 | )
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on securities included in net income (2) | (5 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (4 | )
Impact of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducement costs, unearned revenue, benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables | (240 | ) |  | 50 |  |  | (190 | ) |  | 216 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 171 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities | 412 |  |  | (90 | ) |  | 322 |  |  | (341 | ) |  | 79 |  |  | (262 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on derivatives included in net income (3) | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation | 6 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 29 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | (91 | ) |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | (304 | ) |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | (233 | )

(1) Includes OTTI losses on Available-for-Sale securities related to factors other than credit that were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period.
(2) Reclassification amounts are recorded in net investment income.
(3) Includes $1 million pretax gain reclassified to interest and debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Other comprehensive income (loss) related to net unrealized securities gains (losses) includes three components: (i) unrealized gains (losses) that arose from changes in the market value of securities that were held during the period; (ii) (gains) losses that were previously unrealized, but have been recognized in current period net income due to sales of Available-for-Sale securities and due to the reclassification of noncredit OTTI losses to credit losses; and (iii) other adjustments primarily consisting of changes in insurance and annuity asset and liability balances, such as DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue, benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables, to reflect the expected impact on their carrying values had the unrealized gains (losses) been realized as of the respective balance sheet dates.
45

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
The following tables present the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax:

| Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities |  | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Other |  | Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2019 | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (120 | ) |  | $ | (198 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (291 | )
OCI before reclassifications | 326 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (4 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Total OCI | 322 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 326 |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 342 |  | (1) | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (120 | ) |  | $ | (193 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 35 |

| Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities |  | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Other |  | Total
(in millions)
Balance, January 1, 2018 | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | (167 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 229 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policies | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
OCI before reclassifications | (258 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | (229 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Total OCI | (262 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | (233 | )
Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 223 |  | (1) | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | (138 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (5 | )

(1) Includes $(4) million and nil of noncredit related impairments on securities and net unrealized gains (losses) on previously impaired securities as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company repurchased a total of 2.8 million shares and 2.4 million shares, respectively, of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $355 million and $387 million, respectively. In April 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an expenditure of up to $2.5 billion for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock through June 30, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $154 million remaining under this share repurchase authorization. In February 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of the Company’s common stock through March 31, 2021.
The Company may also reacquire shares of its common stock under its share-based compensation plans related to restricted stock awards and certain option exercises. The holders of restricted shares may elect to surrender a portion of their shares on the vesting date to cover their income tax obligation. These vested restricted shares are reacquired by the Company and the Company’s payment of the holders’ income tax obligations are recorded as a treasury share purchase.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company reacquired 0.3 million shares and 0.2 million shares, respectively, of its common stock through the surrender of shares upon vesting and paid in the aggregate $29 million and $39 million, respectively, related to the holders’ income tax obligations on the vesting date. Option holders may elect to net settle their vested awards resulting in the surrender of the number of shares required to cover the strike price and tax obligation of the options exercised. These shares are reacquired by the Company and recorded as treasury shares. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company reacquired 0.1 million shares and 0.4 million shares, respectively, of its common stock through the net settlement of options for an aggregate value of $15 million and $56 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company reissued 0.7 million and 0.8 million, respectively, treasury shares for restricted stock award grants, performance share units and issuance of shares vested under advisor deferred compensation plans.
17. Regulatory Requirements
The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their respective states of domicile. RiverSource Life received approval from the Minnesota Department of Commerce to apply a permitted statutory accounting practice, effective July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019, for certain derivative instruments used to economically hedge the interest rate exposure of certain variable annuity products that do not qualify for statutory hedge accounting. The permitted practice is intended to mitigate the impact to statutory surplus from the misalignment between variable annuity statutory reserves, which are not carried at fair value, and the fair value of derivatives used to economically hedge the interest rate exposure of non-life contingent living benefit guarantees. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, application of this permitted practice resulted in an increase (decrease) to RiverSource Life’s statutory surplus of approximately $(111) million and $92 million, respectively.
46

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
18. Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate was 15.9% and 14.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is lower than the statutory rate as a result of tax preferred items including foreign tax credits and low income housing tax credits, partially offset by lower income in the quarter relative to income expected for the full year. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is lower than the statutory rate as a result of tax preferred items including low income housing tax credits and stock compensation.
Included in the Company’s deferred income tax assets are tax benefits related to state net operating losses of $21 million, net of federal benefit, which will expire beginning December 31, 2019.
The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of the deferred tax assets that management believes will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining if a valuation allowance should be established, and the amount of such allowance if required. Factors used in making this determination include estimates relating to the performance of the business. Consideration is given to, among other things in making this determination, (i) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, (ii) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (iii) taxable income in prior carryback years, and (iv) tax planning strategies. Based on analysis of the Company’s tax position, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize certain state deferred tax assets and state net operating losses and therefore a valuation allowance has been established. The valuation allowance was $20 million as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $92 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits. If recognized, approximately $71 million and $70 million, net of federal tax benefits, of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate.
It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next 12 months. The Company estimates that the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by $30 million to $40 million in the next 12 months primarily due to Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) settlements and state exams.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the income tax provision. The Company recognized a net increase of $1 million in interest and penalties for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a payable of $11 million and $10 million, respectively, related to accrued interest and penalties.
The Company or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company reached an agreement with the IRS to finalize the 2014 and 2015 IRS audits. Accordingly, the Company’s IRS audits are effectively settled through 2015. The IRS is currently auditing the Company’s U.S. income tax returns for 2016 and 2017. The Company’s state income tax returns are currently under examination by various jurisdictions for years ranging from 2009 through 2017. In the United Kingdom (“UK”), Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs is performing a business risk review of the Company’s UK subsidiaries for the 2016 tax year.
19. Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in the normal course of business in legal, regulatory and arbitration proceedings, including class actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its activities as a diversified financial services firm. These include proceedings specific to the Company as well as proceedings generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which it operates. The Company can also be subject to litigation arising out of its general business activities, such as its investments, contracts, leases and employment relationships. Uncertain economic conditions, heightened and sustained volatility in the financial markets and significant financial reform legislation may increase the likelihood that clients and other persons or regulators may present or threaten legal claims or that regulators increase the scope or frequency of examinations of the Company or the financial services industry generally.
As with other financial services firms, the level of regulatory activity and inquiry concerning the Company’s businesses remains elevated. From time to time, the Company receives requests for information from, and/or has been subject to examination or claims by, the SEC, FINRA, the OCC, the UK Financial Conduct Authority, state insurance and securities regulators, state attorneys general and various other domestic or foreign governmental and quasi-governmental authorities on behalf of themselves or clients concerning the Company’s business activities and practices, and the practices of the Company’s financial advisors. The Company has numerous pending matters which include information requests, exams or inquiries that the Company has received during recent periods regarding certain matters, including: sales and distribution of mutual funds, exchange traded funds, annuities, equity and fixed income securities, real estate investment trusts, insurance products, and financial advice offerings, including managed accounts; supervision of the Company’s financial advisors; administration of insurance and annuity claims; security of client information; trading activity and the Company’s monitoring and supervision of such activity; and transaction monitoring systems and controls. The Company has cooperated and will continue to cooperate with the applicable regulators.
47

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
These legal and regulatory proceedings and disputes are subject to uncertainties and, as such, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even reasonably possible, or to reasonably estimate the amount of any loss. The Company cannot predict with certainty if, how or when any such proceedings will be initiated or resolved or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, may be, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages. Numerous issues may need to be resolved, including through potentially lengthy discovery and determination of important factual matters, and by addressing unsettled legal questions relevant to the proceedings in question, before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated for any proceeding. An adverse outcome in one or more proceeding could eventually result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other sanctions, in addition to further claims, examinations or adverse publicity that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company establishes an accrued liability for contingent litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and can be reasonably estimated. In such cases, there still may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts reasonably estimated and accrued. When a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, the Company does not establish an accrued liability, but continues to monitor, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling a matter, further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. Once the Company establishes an accrued liability with respect to a loss contingency, the Company continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established, and any appropriate adjustments are made each quarter.
RiverSource Life and RiverSource Life of NY are required by law to be a member of the guaranty fund association in every state where they are licensed to do business. In the event of insolvency of one or more unaffiliated insurance companies, the Company could be adversely affected by the requirement to pay assessments to the guaranty fund associations.
The Company projects its cost of future guaranty fund assessments based on estimates of insurance company insolvencies provided by the National Organization of Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Associations (“NOLHGA”) and the amount of its premiums written relative to the industry-wide premium in each state. The Company accrues the estimated cost of future guaranty fund assessments when it is considered probable that an assessment will be imposed, the event obligating the Company to pay the assessment has occurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
The Company has a liability for estimated guaranty fund assessments and a related premium tax asset. As of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the estimated liability was $12 million, and the related premium tax asset was $11 million. The expected period over which guaranty fund assessments will be made and the related tax credits recovered is not known.
20. Earnings per Share
The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Numerator: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |
Denominator: |  |  |
Basic: Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 138.8 |  |  | 149.5 |
Effect of potentially dilutive nonqualified stock options and other share-based awards | 1.3 |  |  | 2.6 |
Diluted: Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 140.1 |  |  | 152.1 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.85 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |
Diluted | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |

The calculation of diluted earnings per share excludes the incremental effect of 4.4 million and 1.1 million options as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, due to their anti-dilutive effect.
48

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)
21. Segment Information
The Company’s reporting segments are Advice & Wealth Management, Asset Management, Annuities, Protection and Corporate & Other.
Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the results of AAH, which had been reported as part of the Protection segment, are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment due to the sale of AAH, which is expected to close in the second half of 2019. Prior periods presented have been restated to reflect the change. See Note 15 for additional information on the sale of AAH.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company, except for operating adjustments defined below, the method of capital allocation, the accounting for gains (losses) from intercompany revenues and expenses and not providing for income taxes on a segment basis.
Management uses segment adjusted operating measures in goal setting, as a basis for determining employee compensation and in evaluating performance on a basis comparable to that used by some securities analysts and investors. Consistent with GAAP accounting guidance for segment reporting, adjusted operating earnings is the Company’s measure of segment performance. Adjusted operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income. The Company believes the presentation of segment adjusted operating earnings, as the Company measures it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of its business by reflecting the underlying performance of its core operations and facilitating a more meaningful trend analysis.
Effective first quarter of 2019, management has excluded mean reversion related impacts from the Company’s adjusted operating measures. Prior periods have been updated to reflect this change to be consistent with the current period presentation. The mean reversion related impact is defined as the impact on variable annuity and VUL products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves.
Adjusted operating earnings is defined as adjusted operating net revenues less adjusted operating expenses. Adjusted operating net revenues and adjusted operating expenses exclude the market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual), mean reversion related impacts, integration and restructuring charges and the impact of consolidating investment entities. Adjusted operating net revenues also exclude net realized investment gains or losses (net of unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual) and the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments. Adjusted operating expenses also exclude the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization), and the DSIC and DAC amortization offset to net realized investment gains or losses. The market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, fixed index annuity benefits and IUL benefits includes changes in embedded derivative values caused by changes in financial market conditions, net of changes in economic hedge values and unhedged items including the difference between assumed and actual underlying separate account investment performance, fixed income credit exposures, transaction costs and certain policyholder contract elections, net of related impacts on DAC and DSIC amortization. The market impact also includes certain valuation adjustments made in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, including the impact on embedded derivative values of discounting projected benefits to reflect a current estimate of the Company’s life insurance subsidiary’s nonperformance spread.
The following tables summarize selected financial information by segment and reconcile segment totals to those reported on the consolidated financial statements:

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
Advice & Wealth Management | $ | 14,218 |  |  | $ | 14,480 |
Asset Management | 8,084 |  |  | 7,558 |
Annuities | 93,594 |  |  | 88,771 |
Protection | 16,435 |  |  | 17,126 |
Corporate & Other | 10,045 |  |  | 9,281 |
Assets held for sale | 2,027 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 144,403 |  |  | $ | 137,216 |

49

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Adjusted operating net revenues: |  |  |
Advice & Wealth Management | $ | 1,554 |  |  | $ | 1,501 |
Asset Management | 689 |  |  | 778 |
Annuities | 604 |  |  | 613 |
Protection | 262 |  |  | 253 |
Corporate & Other | 342 |  |  | 323 |
Less: Eliminations (1) | 333 |  |  | 357 |
Total segment adjusted operating net revenues | 3,118 |  |  | 3,111 |
Net realized gains (losses) | 9 |  |  | 6 |
Revenue attributable to consolidated investment entities | 21 |  |  | 22 |
Market impact on IUL benefits, net | (17 | ) |  | 13 |
Market impact of hedges on investments | (10 | ) |  | 16 |
Integration and restructuring charges | (3 | ) |  | — |
Total net revenues per Consolidated Statements of Operations | $ | 3,118 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |

(1) | Represents the elimination of intersegment revenues recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 in each segment as follows: Advice & Wealth Management ($219 million and $240 million, respectively); Asset Management ($13 million and $12 million, respectively); Annuities ($88 million and $90 million, respectively); Protection ($15 million and $16 million, respectively); and Corporate & Other ($(2) million and $(1) million, respectively).

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Adjusted operating earnings: |  |  |
Advice & Wealth Management | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 316 |
Asset Management | 146 |  |  | 195 |
Annuities | 128 |  |  | 126 |
Protection | 74 |  |  | 65 |
Corporate & Other | (63 | ) |  | (51 | )
Total segment adjusted operating earnings | 635 |  |  | 651 |
Net realized gains (losses) | 9 |  |  | 6 |
Market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net | (142 | ) |  | (5 | )
Market impact on IUL benefits, net | (51 | ) |  | 25 |
Mean reversion related impacts | 36 |  |  | 6 |
Market impact of hedges on investments | (10 | ) |  | 16 |
Integration and restructuring charges | (7 | ) |  | (3 | )
Pretax income per Consolidated Statements of Operations | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 696 |

50

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the “Forward-Looking Statements” that follow and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes presented in Item 1. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2019 (“2018 10-K”), as well as our current reports on Form 8-K and other publicly available information. Prior period amounts have been restated for the retrospective adoption of the new revenue recognition accounting standard. References below to “Ameriprise Financial,” “Ameriprise,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Ameriprise Financial, Inc. exclusively, to our entire family of companies, or to one or more of our subsidiaries.
Overview
Ameriprise Financial is a diversified financial services company with a more than 120-year history of providing financial solutions. We are a long-standing leader in financial planning and advice with $891 billion in assets under management and administration as of March 31, 2019. We offer a broad range of products and services designed to achieve individual and institutional clients’ financial objectives.
The products and services we provide retail clients and, to a lesser extent, institutional clients, are the primary source of our revenues and net income. Revenues and net income are significantly affected by investment performance and the total value and composition of assets we manage and administer for our retail and institutional clients as well as the distribution fees we receive from other companies. These factors, in turn, are largely determined by overall investment market performance and the depth and breadth of our individual client relationships.
Financial markets and macroeconomic conditions have had and will continue to have a significant impact on our operating and performance results. In addition, the business and regulatory environment in which we operate remains subject to elevated uncertainty and change. To succeed, we expect to continue focusing on our key strategic objectives. The success of these and other strategies may be affected by the factors discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2018 10-K and other factors as discussed herein.
Equity price, credit market and interest rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on our results of operations, primarily due to the effects they have on the asset management and other asset-based fees we earn, the “spread” income generated on our fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, deposit products and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, the value of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”) assets, the values of liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with our variable annuities and the values of derivatives held to hedge these benefits.
Earnings, as well as adjusted operating earnings, will be negatively impacted by the ongoing low interest rate environment should it continue. In addition to continuing spread compression in our interest sensitive product lines, a sustained low interest rate environment may result in increases to our reserves and changes in various rate assumptions we use to amortize DAC and DSIC, which may negatively impact our adjusted operating earnings. For additional discussion on our interest rate risk, see Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
On April 2, 2019, we announced we signed a definitive agreement with a subsidiary of American Family Insurance Mutual Holding Company (American Family Insurance) for the sale of Ameriprise Auto & Home (“AAH”), a business unit of Ameriprise Financial. We made the decision to pursue a sale following a strategic review of the AAH business and we determined that now is an appropriate time to exit this business. The sale is consistent with our focus on our core growth areas of Advice & Wealth Management and Asset Management. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, the results of AAH, which had been reported as part of the Protection segment, are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment. Prior periods presented have been restated to reflect the change. See Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the sale of AAH.
In 2018, we made the strategic decision to seek to expand the banking products and services we can provide directly to our clients, and commenced the ongoing process to convert Ameriprise National Trust Bank into a federal savings bank with the capabilities to offer FDIC insured deposits and a range of lending products. While we have a number of operational and customary regulatory processes to complete, we now have regulatory approval and we expect to launch and roll out our first suite of products in the second quarter of 2019. We expect the conversion into a federal savings bank to occur in May, at which time Ameriprise Financial will be a savings and loan holding company that is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System. In connection with the conversion, Ameriprise Financial is electing to be classified as a financial holding company subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (as amended).
We consolidate certain variable interest entities for which we provide asset management services. These entities are defined as consolidated investment entities (“CIEs”). While the consolidation of the CIEs impacts our balance sheet and income statement, our exposure to these entities is unchanged and there is no impact to the underlying business results. For further information on CIEs, see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The results of operations of the CIEs are reflected in the Corporate & Other segment. On a consolidated basis, the management fees we earn for the services we provide to the CIEs and the related general and administrative expenses are eliminated and the changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CIEs, primarily
51

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
syndicated loans and debt, are reflected in net investment income. We include the fees from these entities in the management and financial advice fees line within our Asset Management segment.
While our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), management believes that adjusted operating measures, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, net of the related DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on indexed universal life (“IUL”) benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts; the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; integration and restructuring charges; and the impact of consolidating CIEs, best reflect the underlying performance of our core operations and facilitate a more meaningful trend analysis. Management uses certain of these non-GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance on a basis comparable to that used by some securities analysts and investors. Also, certain of these non-GAAP measures are taken into consideration, to varying degrees, for purposes of business planning and analysis and for certain compensation-related matters. Throughout our Management’s Discussion and Analysis, these non-GAAP measures are referred to as adjusted operating measures. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP measures. Effective first quarter 2019, management has excluded mean reversion related impacts from our adjusted operating measures. Prior periods have been updated to reflect this change to be consistent with the current period presentation. The mean reversion related impact is defined as the impact on variable annuity and variable universal life (“VUL”) products for the difference between assumed and updated separate account investment performance on DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, reinsurance accrual and additional insurance benefit reserves. The updated separate account investment performance includes actual investment performance in the current period and the impact of changes in financial market conditions on the assumptions for future investment performance.
It is management’s priority to increase shareholder value over a multi-year horizon by achieving our on-average, over-time financial targets.
Our financial targets are:

• | Adjusted operating total net revenue growth of 6% to 8%,

• | Adjusted operating earnings per diluted share growth of 12% to 15%, and

• | Adjusted operating return on equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) of 19% to 23%.

The following tables reconcile our GAAP measures to adjusted operating measures:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Total net revenues | $ | 3,118 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |
Less: Revenue attributable to CIEs | 21 |  |  | 22 |
Less: Net realized investment gains (losses) | 9 |  |  | 6 |
Less: Market impact on IUL benefits | (17 | ) |  | 13 |
Less: Market impact of hedges on investments | (10 | ) |  | 16 |
Less: Integration/restructuring charges | (3 | ) |  | — |
Adjusted operating total net revenues | $ | 3,118 |  |  | $ | 3,111 |

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Per Diluted Share
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |
Add: Integration/restructuring charges (1) | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.02 |
Add: Market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (1) | 142 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.02 |  |  | 0.03 |
Add: Market impact on IUL benefits (1) | 51 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 0.36 |  |  | (0.16 | )
Add: Mean reversion related impacts (1) | (36 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (0.26 | ) |  | (0.04 | )
Add: Market impact of hedges on investments (1) | 10 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 0.07 |  |  | (0.11 | )
Less: Net realized investment gains (losses) (1) | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 0.04 |
Tax effect of adjustments (2) | (35 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (0.25 | ) |  | 0.06 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 525 |  |  | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 138.8 |  |  | 149.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 140.1 |  |  | 152.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Pretax adjusted operating adjustments.
(2) Calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%.

The following table reconciles the trailing twelve months’ sum of net income to adjusted operating earnings and the five-point average of quarter-end equity to adjusted operating equity:

| Twelve Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Net income | $ | 1,899 |  |  | $ | 1,671 |
Less: Adjustments (1) | (229 | ) |  | (16 | )
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | 1,687 |
Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc. shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,704 |  |  | $ | 6,122 |
Less: AOCI, net of tax | (137 | ) |  | 210 |
Total Ameriprise Financial, Inc. shareholders’ equity, excluding AOCI | 5,841 |  |  | 5,912 |
Less: Equity impacts attributable to CIEs | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Adjusted operating equity | $ | 5,840 |  |  | $ | 5,911 |
Return on equity, excluding AOCI | 32.5 | % |  | 28.3 | %
Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI (2) | 36.4 | % |  | 28.5 | %

(1) | Adjustments reflect the trailing twelve months’ sum of after-tax net realized investment gains/losses, net of DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts; the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; integration and restructuring charges; and net income (loss) from consolidated investment entities. After-tax is calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%.

(2) | Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI, is calculated using the trailing twelve months of earnings excluding the after-tax net realized investment gains/losses, net of DSIC and DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual; market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges and related DSIC and DAC amortization; the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization, and the reinsurance accrual; the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits, net of hedges and the related DAC amortization; mean reversion related impacts; the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments; integration and restructuring charges; and net income (loss) from consolidated investment entities in the numerator, and Ameriprise Financial shareholders’ equity, excluding AOCI and the impact of consolidating investment entities using a five-point average of quarter-end equity in the denominator. After-tax is calculated using the statutory tax rate of 21%. Adjusted operating return on equity, excluding AOCI is higher reflecting core business improvement, market appreciation and cumulative share repurchases.

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The accounting and reporting policies that we use affect our Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain of our accounting and reporting policies are critical to an understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition and, in some cases, the application of these policies can be significantly affected by the estimates, judgments and assumptions made by management during the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. These accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 2018 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our future consolidated results of operations and financial condition, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Assets Under Management and Administration
Assets under management (“AUM”) include external client assets for which we provide investment management services, such as the assets of the Columbia Threadneedle Investments funds, institutional clients and clients in our advisor platform held in wrap accounts as well as assets managed by sub-advisors selected by us. AUM also includes certain assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for which we provide investment management services and recognize management fees in our Asset Management segment, such as the assets of the general account and the variable product funds held in the separate accounts of our life insurance subsidiaries and CIEs. These assets do not include assets under advisement, for which we provide model portfolios but do not have full discretionary investment authority.
Assets under administration (“AUA”) include assets for which we provide administrative services such as client assets invested in other companies’ products that we offer outside of our wrap accounts. These assets include those held in clients’ brokerage accounts. We generally record revenues received from administered assets as distribution fees. We do not exercise management discretion over these assets and do not earn a management fee. These assets are not reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. AUA also includes certain assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for which we do not provide investment management services and do not recognize management fees, such as investments in non-affiliated funds held in the separate accounts of our life insurance subsidiaries. These assets do not include assets under advisement, for which we provide model portfolios but do not have full discretionary investment authority.
The following table presents detail regarding our AUM and AUA:

| March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in billions) |  |
Assets Under Management and Administration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advice & Wealth Management AUM | $ | 276.9 |  |  | $ | 249.6 |  |  | $ | 27.3 |  |  | 11 | %
Asset Management AUM | 459.1 |  |  | 485.3 |  |  | (26.2 | ) |  | (5 | )
Eliminations | (28.3 | ) |  | (26.3 | ) |  | (2.0 | ) |  | (8 | )
Total Assets Under Management | 707.7 |  |  | 708.6 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | — |
Total Assets Under Administration | 183.5 |  |  | 178.6 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 3 |
Total AUM and AUA | $ | 891.2 |  |  | $ | 887.2 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | — | %
NM Not Meaningful.

Total AUM decreased $0.9 billion to $707.7 billion as of March 31, 2019 compared to $708.6 billion as of March 31, 2018. Asset Management AUM decreased $26.2 billion, or 5%, compared to the prior year period driven by net outflows, retail fund distributions and a negative impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by market appreciation. Advice & Wealth Management AUM increased $27.3 billion, or 11%, compared to the prior year period driven by wrap account net inflows and market appreciation. See our segment results of operations discussion below for additional information on changes in our AUM.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
The following table presents our consolidated results of operations:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 1,669 |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Distribution fees | 480 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3 |
Net investment income | 397 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Premiums | 371 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 8 |
Other revenues | 278 |  |  | 308 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (10 | )
Total revenues | 3,153 |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | (1 | )
Banking and deposit interest expense | 35 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 19 |  |  | NM |
Total net revenues | 3,118 |  |  | 3,168 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (2 | )
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 900 |  |  | 905 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (1 | )
Interest credited to fixed accounts | 204 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 45 |
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses | 670 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 36 |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 16 |  |  | 92 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | (83 | )
Interest and debt expense | 53 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
General and administrative expense | 805 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 2 |
Total expenses | 2,648 |  |  | 2,472 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 7 |
Pretax income | 470 |  |  | 696 |  |  | (226 | ) |  | (32 | )
Income tax provision | 75 |  |  | 102 |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (26 | )
Net income | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | (199 | ) |  | (34 | )%
NM Not Meaningful.

Overall
Pretax income decreased $226 million, or 32%, to $470 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $696 million for the prior year period. The following impacts were significant drivers of the period-over-period change in pretax income:

• | The market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization) was an expense of $142 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an expense of $5 million for the prior year period.

• | The market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual) was an expense of $51 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $25 million for the prior year period.

• | The market impact of hedges on investments was an expense of $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $16 million for the prior year period.

• | The cumulative impact of asset management net outflows, partially offset by wrap account net inflows.

• | A vendor credit of $14 million in the prior year period.

• | The mean reversion related impact was a benefit of $36 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $6 million for the prior year period.

• | A positive impact from higher short-term interest rates, partially offset by lower average equity markets and decreased transactional activity.

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Net Revenues
Net revenues decreased $50 million, or 2%, to $3.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $3.2 billion for the prior year period.
Management and financial advice fees decreased $42 million, or 3%, to $1.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1.7 billion for the prior year period primarily due to a decrease in AUM. Average AUM decreased $30.3 billion, or 4%, compared to the prior year period primarily due to asset management net outflows and lower average equity markets, partially offset by wrap account net inflows. See our discussion on the changes in AUM in our segment results of operations section.
Premiums increased $28 million, or 8%, to $371 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $343 million for the prior year period reflecting higher average premium in both auto and home insurance products and higher auto policies in force, as well as higher sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Other revenues decreased $30 million, or 10%, to $278 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $308 million for the prior year period due to the unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual offset to the market impact on IUL benefits and a vendor credit of $14 million in the prior year period, partially offset by higher fees from variable annuity guarantee sales in the prior year where the fees start on the first anniversary date and higher average fee rates. The unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual offset to the market impact on IUL benefits was an expense of $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $13 million for the prior year period.
Banking and deposit interest expense increased $19 million to $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $16 million for the prior year period due to higher average crediting rates on certificates, as well as higher average certificate balances.
Expenses
Total expenses increased $176 million, or 7%, to $2.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $2.5 billion for the prior year period.
Interest credited to fixed accounts increased $63 million, or 45%, to $204 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $141 million for the prior year period primarily due to the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges, which was an expense of $43 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $21 million for the prior year period.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses increased $176 million, or 36%, to $670 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $494 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:

• | A $171 million increase in expense from the unhedged nonperformance credit spread risk adjustment on variable annuity guaranteed benefits. The unfavorable impact of the nonperformance credit spread was $158 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a favorable impact of $13 million for the prior year period. As the estimate of the nonperformance credit spread over the LIBOR swap curve tightens or widens, the embedded derivative liability will increase or decrease. As the embedded derivative liability on which the nonperformance credit spread is applied increases (decreases), the impact of the nonperformance credit spread is favorable (unfavorable) to expense.

• | A $12 million increase in auto and home expenses driven by higher auto policies in force.

• | The mean reversion related impact was a benefit of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to a benefit of $6 million for the prior year period.

Amortization of DAC decreased $76 million, or 83%, to $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $92 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting the following items:

• | The DAC offset to the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits was a benefit of $28 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an expense of $5 million for the prior year period.

• | The DAC offset to the market impact on IUL benefits, net of hedges was a benefit of $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an expense of $9 million for the prior year period.

• | The mean reversion related impact was a benefit of $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to nil for the prior year period.

Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 15.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 14.7% for the prior year period. The benefit for net excess tax benefits related to employee share-based payments was $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $20 million for the prior year period. See Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion on income taxes.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Results of Operations by Segment for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Adjusted operating earnings is the measure of segment profit or loss management uses to evaluate segment performance. Adjusted operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income. We believe the presentation of segment adjusted operating earnings as we measure it for management purposes enhances the understanding of our business by reflecting the underlying performance of our core operations and facilitating a more meaningful trend analysis. See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the presentation of segment results and our definition of adjusted operating earnings.
The following table presents summary financial information by segment:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions)
Advice & Wealth Management |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | 1,554 |  |  | $ | 1,501 |
Expenses | 1,204 |  |  | 1,185 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 316 |
Asset Management |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 778 |
Expenses | 543 |  |  | 583 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 195 |
Annuities |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 613 |
Expenses | 476 |  |  | 487 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 126 |
Protection |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 253 |
Expenses | 188 |  |  | 188 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Corporate & Other |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 323 |
Expenses | 405 |  |  | 374 |
Adjusted operating loss | $ | (63 | ) |  | $ | (51 | )

Advice & Wealth Management
The following table presents the changes in wrap account assets and average balances for the three months ended March 31:

| 2019 |  | 2018
(in billions)
Beginning balance | $ | 251.5 |  |  | $ | 248.2 |
Net flows | 4.3 |  |  | 5.7 |
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other | 23.0 |  |  | (2.9 | )
Ending balance | $ | 278.8 |  |  | $ | 251.0 |
Advisory wrap account assets ending balance (1) | $ | 276.1 |  |  | $ | 248.7 |
Average advisory wrap account assets (2) | $ | 265.1 |  |  | $ | 249.6 |

(1) | Advisory wrap account assets represent those assets for which clients receive advisory services and are the primary driver of revenue earned on wrap accounts. Clients may hold non-advisory investments in their wrap accounts that do not incur an advisory fee.

(2) | Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.

Wrap account assets increased $27.3 billion, or 11%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to net inflows of $4.3 billion and market appreciation and other of $23.0 billion. Average advisory wrap account assets increased $15.5 billion, or 6%, compared to the prior year period primarily reflecting net inflows.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
The following table presents the changes in wrap account assets for the twelve months ended March 31:

| 2019 |  | 2018
(in billions)
Beginning balance | $ | 251.0 |  |  | $ | 212.9 |
Inflows from acquisition (1) | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Other net flows | 19.8 |  |  | 20.6 |
Net flows | 19.8 |  |  | 21.3 |
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other | 8.0 |  |  | 16.8 |
Ending balance | $ | 278.8 |  |  | $ | 251.0 |

(1) | Inflows associated with acquisition that closed during the period.

Wrap account assets increased $27.8 billion, or 11%, from the prior year period primarily due to net inflows and market appreciation.
The following table presents the results of operations of our Advice & Wealth Management segment on an adjusted operating basis:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 848 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | 4 | %
Distribution fees | 561 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |
Net investment income | 99 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 43 |
Other revenues | 51 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 19 |
Total revenues | 1,589 |  |  | 1,517 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 5 |
Banking and deposit interest expense | 35 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 19 |  |  | NM |
Total net revenues | 1,554 |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 4 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 870 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Interest and debt expense | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
General and administrative expense | 331 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 6 |
Total expenses | 1,204 |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 2 |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | 11 | %
NM Not Meaningful.

Our Advice & Wealth Management segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, increased $34 million, or 11%, to $350 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $316 million for the prior year period reflecting wrap account net inflows and higher earnings on brokerage cash, partially offset by decreased transactional activity and higher general and administrative expense. Pretax adjusted operating margin was 22.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 21.1% for the prior year period.
Net Revenues
Net revenues exclude net realized investment gains or losses. Net revenues increased $53 million, or 4%, to $1.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1.5 billion for the prior year period. Adjusted operating net revenue per advisor increased to $156,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, up 3%, from $152,000 for the prior year period.
Management and financial fees increased $30 million, or 4%, to $878 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $848 million for the prior year period primarily due to growth in wrap account assets. Average advisory wrap account assets increased $15.5 billion, or 6%, compared to the prior year period primarily reflecting net inflows.
Distribution fees increased $4 million, or 1%, to $561 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $557 million for the prior year period reflecting higher earnings on brokerage cash due to an increase in short-term interest rates, partially offset by de creased transactional activity due to market volatility.
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, increased $30 million, or 43%, to $99 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $69 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher average investment yields on assets related to certificates and higher average invested balances due to certificate net inflows.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Banking and deposit interest expense increased $19 million to $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $16 million for the prior year period due to higher average client crediting rates on certificates, as well as higher average certificate balances.
Expenses
Total expenses increased $19 million, or 2%, to $1.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period.
General and administrative expense increased $18 million, or 6%, to $331 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $313 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher staffing costs and investments in business growth.
Asset Management
The following tables present the mutual fund performance of our retail Columbia and Threadneedle funds as of March 31:

Columbia Mutual Fund Rankings in top 2 Lipper Quartiles | 2019 |  | 2018
Domestic Equity | Equal weighted | 1 year | 40 | % |  | 57 | %
|  | 3 year | 50 | % |  | 72 | %
|  | 5 year | 63 | % |  | 69 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 48 | % |  | 58 | %
|  | 3 year | 58 | % |  | 81 | %
|  | 5 year | 77 | % |  | 80 | %

International Equity | Equal weighted | 1 year | 40 | % |  | 85 | %
|  | 3 year | 65 | % |  | 65 | %
|  | 5 year | 65 | % |  | 75 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 43 | % |  | 57 | %
|  | 3 year | 80 | % |  | 46 | %
|  | 5 year | 66 | % |  | 57 | %

Taxable Fixed Income | Equal weighted | 1 year | 71 | % |  | 74 | %
|  | 3 year | 75 | % |  | 72 | %
|  | 5 year | 80 | % |  | 76 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 59 | % |  | 80 | %
|  | 3 year | 76 | % |  | 77 | %
|  | 5 year | 83 | % |  | 82 | %

Tax Exempt Fixed Income | Equal weighted | 1 year | 84 | % |  | 84 | %
|  | 3 year | 100 | % |  | 89 | %
|  | 5 year | 89 | % |  | 100 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 85 | % |  | 91 | %
|  | 3 year | 100 | % |  | 92 | %
|  | 5 year | 91 | % |  | 100 | %

Asset Allocation Funds | Equal weighted | 1 year | 46 | % |  | 60 | %
|  | 3 year | 55 | % |  | 69 | %
|  | 5 year | 100 | % |  | 78 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 66 | % |  | 51 | %
|  | 3 year | 50 | % |  | 90 | %
|  | 5 year | 100 | % |  | 94 | %

Number of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings |  | Overall | 49 |  |  | 56 |
|  | 3 year | 55 |  |  | 52 |
|  | 5 year | 52 |  |  | 53 |

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.

Percent of funds with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings |  | Overall | 48 | % |  | 53 | %
|  | 3 year | 53 | % |  | 50 | %
|  | 5 year | 53 | % |  | 54 | %

Percent of assets with 4 or 5 Morningstar star ratings |  | Overall | 54 | % |  | 61 | %
|  | 3 year | 53 | % |  | 52 | %
|  | 5 year | 61 | % |  | 61 | %

Mutual fund performance rankings are based on the performance of the Institutional Class for Columbia branded mutual funds. Only funds with Institutional Class shares are included.
Equal Weighted Rankings in Top 2 Quartiles: Counts the number of funds with above median ranking divided by the total number of funds. Asset size is not a factor.
Asset Weighted Rankings in Top 2 Quartiles: Sums the total assets of the funds with above median ranking divided by total assets of all funds. Funds with more assets will receive a greater share of the total percentage above or below median.

Threadneedle Retail Fund Rankings in Top 2 Morningstar Quartiles or Above Index Benchmark | 2019 |  | 2018
Equity | Equal weighted | 1 year | 52 | % |  | 57 | %
|  | 3 year | 49 | % |  | 64 | %
|  | 5 year | 73 | % |  | 61 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 68 | % |  | 53 | %
|  | 3 year | 60 | % |  | 59 | %
|  | 5 year | 80 | % |  | 51 | %

Fixed Income | Equal weighted | 1 year | 72 | % |  | 79 | %
|  | 3 year | 74 | % |  | 69 | %
|  | 5 year | 80 | % |  | 80 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 91 | % |  | 91 | %
|  | 3 year | 89 | % |  | 89 | %
|  | 5 year | 92 | % |  | 91 | %

Allocation (Managed) Funds | Equal weighted | 1 year | 38 | % |  | 50 | %
|  | 3 year | 75 | % |  | 88 | %
|  | 5 year | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
| Asset weighted | 1 year | 40 | % |  | 45 | %
|  | 3 year | 84 | % |  | 99 | %
|  | 5 year | 100 | % |  | 100 | %

The performance of each fund is measured on a consistent basis against the most appropriate benchmark — a peer group of similar funds or an index.
Equal weighted: Counts the number of funds with above median ranking (if measured against peer group) or above index performance (if measured against an index) divided by the total number of funds. Asset size is not a factor.
Asset weighted: Sums the assets of the funds with above median ranking (if measured against peer group) or above index performance (if measured against an index) divided by the total sum of assets in the funds. Funds with more assets will receive a greater share of the total percentage above or below median or index.
Aggregated Allocation (Managed) Funds include funds that invest in other funds of the Threadneedle range including those funds that invest in both equity and fixed income.
Aggregated Threadneedle data includes funds on the Threadneedle platform sub-advised by Columbia Management as well as advisors not affiliated with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
The following table presents global managed assets by type:

| March 31, |  | Change |  | Average (1) |  | Change
Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
(in billions)
Equity | $ | 250.7 |  |  | $ | 267.7 |  |  | $ | (17.0 | ) |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 244.0 |  |  | $ | 276.0 |  |  | $ | (32.0 | ) |  | (12 | )%
Fixed income | 166.1 |  |  | 172.1 |  |  | (6.0 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | 164.5 |  |  | 173.1 |  |  | (8.6 | ) |  | (5 | )
Money market | 5.1 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | 5.0 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (9 | )
Alternative | 3.2 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | 3.1 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | (2.4 | ) |  | (44 | )
Hybrid and other | 34.0 |  |  | 34.7 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 33.5 |  |  | 35.0 |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total managed assets | $ | 459.1 |  |  | $ | 485.3 |  |  | $ | (26.2 | ) |  | (5 | )% |  | $ | 450.1 |  |  | $ | 495.1 |  |  | $ | (45.0 | ) |  | (9 | )%
(1) Average ending balances are calculated using an average of the prior period’s ending balance and all months in the current period.

The following table presents the changes in global managed assets:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2019 |  | 2018
(in billions)
Global Retail Funds |  |  |
Beginning assets | $ | 247.9 |  |  | $ | 287.8 |
Inflows | 11.6 |  |  | 13.2 |
Outflows | (15.1 | ) |  | (17.0 | )
Net VP/VIT fund flows | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Net new flows | (4.3 | ) |  | (4.5 | )
Reinvested dividends | 0.6 |  |  | 0.4 |
Net flows | (3.7 | ) |  | (4.1 | )
Distributions | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other | 24.1 |  |  | (2.4 | )
Foreign currency translation (1) | 0.4 |  |  | 1.5 |
Total ending assets | 268.0 |  |  | 282.1 |
Global Institutional |  |  |
Beginning assets | 182.8 |  |  | 206.8 |
Inflows | 5.3 |  |  | 6.3 |
Outflows | (8.8 | ) |  | (9.9 | )
Net flows | (3.5 | ) |  | (3.6 | )
Market appreciation (depreciation) and other (2) | 10.6 |  |  | (2.9 | )
Foreign currency translation (1) | 1.2 |  |  | 2.9 |
Total ending assets | 191.1 |  |  | 203.2 |
Total managed assets | $ | 459.1 |  |  | $ | 485.3 |
Total net flows | $ | (7.2 | ) |  | $ | (7.7 | )
Former Parent Company Related (3) |  |  |
Retail net new flows | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.6 | )
Institutional net new flows | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.0 | )
Total net new flows | $ | (1.1 | ) |  | $ | (1.6 | )

(1) Amounts represent local currency to US dollar translation for reporting purposes.
(2) Includes $(0.2) billion and $(1.0) billion for the total change in Affiliated General Account Assets during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(3) Former parent company related assets and net new flows are included in the rollforwards above.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
In March 2017, the United Kingdom (UK) invoked article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon in serving its relevant notice to leave the European Union. The full impact of the British exit from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”) remains uncertain about how negotiations relating to the UK’s withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, as well as the potential consequences and precise timeframe for Brexit. We continue to actively monitor Brexit negotiations and given the current status, we are preparing (as much as possible) for any potential disruptions which may arise from a “no deal Brexit.” The extension of negotiations until October 31, 2019 provides us with additional time to plan for any “no deal” scenario. This uncertainty may have a negative impact on our UK and European net flows and foreign currency translation if the British Pound weakens.
Total segment AUM increased $28.4 billion, or 7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 driven by market appreciation, partially offset by net outflows of $7.2 billion. Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) retail net outflows were $1.5 billion in the quarter reflecting negative consumer sentiment associated with Brexit and geopolitical concerns in Europe. U.S. retail net outflows were $2.2 billion in the quarter and reflected continued outflows in active equity funds. Third party institutional outflows were elevated from redemptions and lower mandate fundings.
The following table presents the results of operations of our Asset Management segment on an adjusted operating basis:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | (61 | ) |  | (9 | )%
Distribution fees | 98 |  |  | 114 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (14 | )
Net investment income | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | NM |
Other revenues | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (94 | )
Total revenues | 689 |  |  | 778 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | (11 | )
Banking and deposit interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net revenues | 689 |  |  | 778 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | (11 | )
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 223 |  |  | 249 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | (10 | )
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest and debt expense | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
General and administrative expense | 311 |  |  | 325 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total expenses | 543 |  |  | 583 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | (7 | )
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | (49 | ) |  | (25 | )%
NM Not Meaningful.

Our Asset Management segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $49 million, or 25%, to $146 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $195 million for the prior year period primarily due to the cumulative impact of net outflows, lower average equity markets and a vendor credit of $14 million in the first quarter of 2018.
Net Revenues
Net revenues, which exclude net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $89 million, or 11%, to $689 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $778 million for the prior year period.
Management and financial advice fees decreased $61 million, or 9%, to $584 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $645 million for the prior year period driven by cumulative net outflows, lower average equity markets and a $10 million negative foreign currency translation impact. Our average weighted equity index, which is a proxy for equity movements on AUM, decreased 3% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period.
Distribution fees decreased $16 million, or 14%, to $98 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $114 million for the prior year period primarily due to the cumulative impact of net outflows and lower average equity markets.
Other revenues decreased $16 million, or 94%, to $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $17 million for the prior year period due to a $14 million vendor credit in the first quarter of 2018 related to the completion of our front, middle and back-office integration.
Expenses
Total expenses decreased $40 million, or 7%, to $543 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $583 million for the prior year period.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Distribution expenses decreased $26 million, or 10%, to $223 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $249 million for the prior year period primarily due to the cumulative impact of net outflows and lower average equity markets.
General and administrative expense decreased $14 million, or 4%, to $311 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $325 million for the prior year period primarily due to reengineering initiatives and a $6 million positive foreign currency translation impact.
Annuities
The following table presents the results of operations of our Annuities segment on an adjusted operating basis:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Distribution fees | 84 |  |  | 88 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Net investment income | 156 |  |  | 164 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | )
Premiums | 34 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 42 |
Other revenues | 142 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Total revenues | 604 |  |  | 613 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (1 | )
Banking and deposit interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net revenues | 604 |  |  | 613 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (1 | )
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 104 |  |  | 110 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (5 | )
Interest credited to fixed accounts | 109 |  |  | 113 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | )
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses | 164 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 42 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (16 | )
Interest and debt expense | 11 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 22 |
General and administrative expense | 46 |  |  | 49 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (6 | )
Total expenses | 476 |  |  | 487 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (2 | )
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 2 | %

Our Annuities segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses (net of the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC and DAC amortization), the market impact on fixed index annuity benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization) and mean reversion related impacts, increased $2 million, or 2%, to $128 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $126 million for the prior year period reflecting volatile markets and low interest rates.
RiverSource variable annuity account balances declined 2% to $76.9 billion as of March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period due to net outflows of $3.2 billion, partially offset by equity market appreciation. Variable annuity sales declined in the first quarter of 2019 related to lower client transactional activity associated with the recent market disruption.
RiverSource fixed deferred annuity account balances declined 6% to $8.6 billion as of March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period as older policies continue to lapse and new sales are limited due to low interest rates. Given the current interest rate environment, our current fixed deferred annuity book is expected to gradually run off and earnings on our fixed deferred annuity business will trend down.
Net Revenues
Management and financial advice fees decreased $12 million, or 6%, to $188 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $200 million for the prior year period due to lower fees on variable annuities driven by lower average separate account balances. Average variable annuity account balances decreased $5.2 billion, or 7%, from the prior year period due to lower average equity markets and net outflows.
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $8 million, or 5%, to $156 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $164 million for the prior year period reflecting lower average invested assets due to fixed annuity net outflows.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Premiums increased $10 million, or 42%, to $34 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $24 million for the prior year period due to higher sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Expenses
Distribution expenses decreased $6 million, or 5%, to $104 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $110 million for the prior year period reflecting lower variable annuity sales.
Interest credited to fixed accounts decreased $4 million, or 4%, to $109 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $113 million for the prior year period due to lower average fixed deferred annuity account balances.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses, which exclude the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits (net of hedges and the related DSIC amortization), mean reversion related impacts, and the DSIC offset to net realized investment gains or losses, increased $8 million, or 5%, to $164 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $156 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher sales of immediate annuities with a life contingent feature.
Amortization of DAC, which excludes mean reversion related impacts, the DAC offset to the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits and fixed index annuity benefits and the DAC offset to net realized investment gains or losses, decreased $8 million, or 16%, to $42 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $50 million for the prior year period driven by normal year over year experience differences.
Protection
The following table presents the results of operations of our Protection segment on an adjusted operating basis:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | (8 | )%
Distribution fees | 23 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net investment income | 78 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 11 |
Premiums | 50 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | )
Other revenues | 100 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Total revenues | 262 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |
Banking and deposit interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net revenues | 262 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest credited to fixed accounts | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses | 74 |  |  | 78 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 14 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 17 |
Interest and debt expense | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 33 |
General and administrative expense | 33 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | )
Total expenses | 188 |  |  | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted operating earnings | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | 14 | %

Our Protection segment pretax adjusted operating earnings, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses (net of the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual), the market impact on IUL benefits (net of hedges and the related DAC amortization, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual), and mean reversion related impacts, increased $9 million, or 14%, to $74 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $65 million for the prior year period.
Net Revenues
Net investment income, which excludes net realized investment gains or losses, increased $8 million, or 11%, to $78 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $70 million for the prior year period reflecting higher average invested assets.
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Expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses decreased $4 million, or 5%, to $74 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $78 million for the prior year period reflecting favorable life claims, partially offset by unfavorable disability income claims.
Corporate & Other
The following table presents the results of operations of our Corporate & Other segment on an adjusted operating basis:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2019 |  | 2018
(in millions) |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management and financial advice fees | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | (50 | )%
Distribution fees | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | NM |
Net investment income | 44 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Premiums | 296 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 8 |
Other revenues | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (50 | )
Total revenues | 344 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 6 |
Banking and deposit interest expense | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | NM |
Total net revenues | 342 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 6 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distribution expenses | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (33 | )
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses | 282 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 4 |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 14 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |
Interest and debt expense | 12 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 33 |
General and administrative expense | 95 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 20 |
Total expenses | 405 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 8 |
Adjusted operating loss | $ | (63 | ) |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | (24 | )%
NM Not Meaningful.

Our Corporate & Other segment pretax adjusted operating loss excludes net realized investment gains or losses, the market impact of hedges to offset interest rate changes on unrealized gains or losses for certain investments, integration and restructuring charges, and the impact of consolidating CIEs. Our Corporate & Other segment pretax adjusted operating loss increased $12 million, or 24%, to $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $51 million for the prior year period.
Our Corporate & Other segment includes our closed block long term care (“LTC”) insurance, which had pretax adjusted operating earnings of $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $2 million for the prior year period and reflected favorable claims experience and higher net investment income.
Our auto and home business, which was previously included in our Protection segment, was moved to the Corporate & Other segment in the first quarter of 2019 due to our announcement of the planned sale of the business. Auto and Home pretax adjusted operating earnings were $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $5 million for the prior year period.
Premiums increased $21 million, or 8%, to $296 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $275 million for the prior year period reflecting higher average premium in both auto and home insurance products and higher auto policies in force.
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses increased $12 million, or 4%, to $282 m illion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $270 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting higher auto policies in force. Catastrophe losses (net of the impact of reinsurance) were $14 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
General and administrative expense increased $16 million, or 20%, to $95 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $79 million for the prior year period primarily due to higher performance-based compensation, investments in growth initiatives, including technology infrastructure and expenses associated with the establishment of the bank.
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposures are interest rate, equity price, foreign currency exchange rate and credit risk. Equity price and interest rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on our results of operations, primarily due to the effects they have on the asset management and other asset-based fees we earn, the spread income generated on our fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, brokerage client cash balances, face-amount certificate products and the fixed portion of our variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, the value of DAC and DSIC assets, the value of liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with our variable annuities and the value of derivatives held to hedge these benefits.
Our earnings from fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts are based upon the spread between rates earned on assets held and the rates at which interest is credited to accounts. We primarily invest in fixed rate securities to fund the rate credited to clients. We guarantee an interest rate to the holders of these products. Investment assets and client liabilities generally differ as it relates to basis, repricing or maturity characteristics. Rates credited to clients’ accounts generally reset at shorter intervals than the yield on the underlying investments. Therefore, in an increasing interest rate environment, higher interest rates may be reflected in crediting rates to clients sooner than in rates earned on invested assets, which could result in a reduced spread between the two rates, reduced earned income and a negative impact on pretax income. However, the current low interest rate environment is resulting in interest rates below the level of some of our liability guaranteed minimum interest rates (“GMIRs”). Hence, a modest rise in interest rates would not necessarily result in changes to all the liability credited rates while projected asset purchases would capture the full increase in interest rates. This dynamic would result in widening spreads under a modestly rising rate scenario given the current relationship between the current level of interest rates and the underlying GMIRs on the business.
As a result of the low interest rate environment, our current reinvestment yields are generally lower than the current portfolio yield. We expect our portfolio income yields to continue to decline in future periods if interest rates remain low. The carrying value and weighted average yield of non-structured fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans that may generate proceeds to reinvest through March 31, 2021 due to prepayment, maturity or call activity at the option of the issuer, excluding securities with a make-whole provision, were $5.0 billion and 3.6%, respectively, as of March 31, 2019. In addition, residential mortgage backed securities, which are subject to prepayment risk as a result of the low interest rate environment, totaled $6.3 billion and had a weighted average yield of 3.2% as of March 31, 2019. While these amounts represent investments that could be subject to reinvestment risk, it is also possible that these investments will be used to fund liabilities or may not be prepaid and will remain invested at their current yields. In addition to the interest rate environment, the mix of benefit payments versus product sales as well as the timing and volumes associated with such mix may impact our investment yield. Furthermore, reinvestment activities and the associated investment yield may also be impacted by corporate strategies implemented at management’s discretion. The average yield for investment purchases during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately 3.3%.
The reinvestment of proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments at rates below the current portfolio yield, which may be below the level of some liability GMIRs, will have a negative impact to future operating results. To mitigate the unfavorable impact that the low interest rate environment has on our spread income, we assess reinvestment risk in our investment portfolio and monitor this risk in accordance with our asset/liability management framework. In addition, we may reduce the crediting rates on our fixed products when warranted, subject to guaranteed minimums.
In addition to the fixed rate exposures noted above, RiverSource Life has the following variable annuity guarantee benefits: guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”), guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”), guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIB”). Each of these benefits guarantees payouts to the annuity holder under certain specific conditions regardless of the performance of the underlying invested assets.
The variable annuity guarantees continue to be managed by utilizing a hedging program which attempts to match the sensitivity of the assets with the sensitivity of the liabilities. This approach works with the premise that matched sensitivities will produce a highly effective hedging result. Our comprehensive hedging program focuses mainly on first order sensitivities of assets and liabilities: Equity Market Level (Delta), Interest Rate Level (Rho) and Volatility (Vega). Additionally, various second order sensitivities are managed. We use various options (equity index, interest rate swaptions, etc.), swaps (interest rate, total return, etc.) and futures to manage risk exposures. The exposures are measured and monitored daily, and adjustments to the hedge portfolio are made as necessary.
We have a macro hedge program to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from variable annuity reserves on our statutory surplus and to cover some of the residual risks not covered by other hedging activities. We assess the residual risk under a range of scenarios in creating and executing the macro hedge program. As a means of economically hedging these risks, we may use a combination of futures, options, swaps and swaptions. Certain of the macro hedge derivatives used contain settlement provisions linked to both equity returns and interest rates; the remaining are interest rate contracts or equity contracts. The macro hedge program could result in additional earnings volatility as changes in the value of the macro hedge derivatives, which are designed to reduce statutory capital volatility, may not be closely aligned to changes in the variable annuity guarantee embedded derivatives.
To evaluate interest rate and equity price risk we perform sensitivity testing which measures the impact on pretax income from the sources listed below for a 12-month period following a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a hypothetical 10% decline in equity prices. The interest rate risk test assumes a sudden 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve, with rates then
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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
staying at those levels for the next 12 months. The equity price risk test assumes a sudden 10% drop in equity prices, with equity prices then staying at those levels for the next 12 months. In estimating the values of variable annuity riders, indexed annuities, stock market certificates, IUL insurance and the associated hedge assets, we assume no change in implied market volatility despite the 10% drop in equity prices.
The following tables present our estimate of the impact on pretax income from the above defined hypothetical market movements as of March 31, 2019:

Equity Price Decline 10% |  | Equity Price Exposure to Pretax Income |
Before Hedge Impact |  | Hedge Impact |  | Net Impact
|  | (in millions) |
Asset-based management and distribution fees (1) |  | $ | (252 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (247 | ) |
DAC and DSIC amortization (2)(3) |  | (27 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |
Variable annuity riders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GMDB and GMIB (3) |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |
GMWB (3) |  | (333 | ) |  | 345 |  |  | 12 |  |
GMAB |  | (20 | ) |  | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |
DAC and DSIC amortization (4) |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (12 | ) |
Total variable annuity riders |  | (366 | ) |  | 366 |  |  | (12 | ) |
Macro hedge program (5) |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 48 |  |
Indexed annuities |  | 3 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |
Certificates |  | 5 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |
IUL insurance |  | 66 |  |  | (59 | ) |  | 7 |  |
Total |  | $ | (571 | ) |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | (231 | ) | (6)

Interest Rate Increase 100 Basis Points |  | Interest Rate Exposure to Pretax Income |
Before Hedge Impact |  | Hedge Impact |  | Net Impact
|  | (in millions) |
Asset-based management and distribution fees (1) |  | $ | (57 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (57 | ) |
Variable annuity riders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GMDB and GMIB |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
GMWB |  | 1,003 |  |  | (586 | ) |  | 417 |  |
GMAB |  | 19 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 10 |  |
DAC and DSIC amortization (4) |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (61 | ) |
Total variable annuity riders |  | 1,022 |  |  | (595 | ) |  | 366 |  |
Macro hedge program (5) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | ) |
Fixed annuities, fixed insurance and fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance products |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |
Brokerage client cash balances |  | 112 |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |
Certificates |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |
IUL insurance |  | 135 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 138 |  |
Total |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | (595 | ) |  | $ | 632 |  |
N/A Not Applicable. |

(1) Excludes incentive income which is impacted by market and fund performance during the period and cannot be readily estimated.
(2) Market impact on DAC and DSIC amortization resulting from lower projected profits.
(3) In estimating the impact to pretax income on DAC and DSIC amortization and additional insurance benefit reserves, our assumed equity asset growth rates reflect what management would follow in its mean reversion guidelines.
(4) Market impact on DAC and DSIC amortization related to variable annuity riders is modeled net of hedge impact.
(5) The market impact of the macro hedge program is modeled net of any related impact to DAC and DSIC amortization.
(6) Represents the net impact to pretax income. The estimated net impact to pretax adjusted operating income is approximately $(247) million.
The above results compare to an estimated negative net impact to pretax income of $213 million related to a 10% equity price decline and an estimated positive net impact to pretax income of $541 million related to a 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of December 31, 2018.
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Net impacts shown in the above table from GMWB riders result largely from differences between the liability valuation basis and the hedging basis. Liabilities are valued using fair value accounting principles, with risk margins incorporated in contractholder behavior assumptions and with discount rates increased to reflect a current market estimate of our risk of nonperformance specific to these liabilities. Our hedging is based on our determination of economic risk, which excludes certain items in the liability valuation including the nonperformance spread risk.
Actual results could differ materially from those illustrated above as they are based on a number of estimates and assumptions. These include assuming that implied market volatility does not change when equity prices fall by 10% and that the 100 basis point increase in interest rates is a parallel shift of the yield curve. Furthermore, we have not tried to anticipate changes in client preferences for different types of assets or other changes in client behavior, nor have we tried to anticipate actions management might take to increase revenues or reduce expenses in these scenarios.
The selection of a 100 basis point interest rate increase as well as a 10% equity price decline should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Impacts of larger or smaller changes in interest rates or equity prices may not be proportional to those shown for a 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a 10% decline in equity prices.
Fair Value Measurements
We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value; specifically, separate account assets, derivatives, embedded derivatives and most investments and cash equivalents. Fair value assumes the exchange of assets or liabilities occurs in orderly transactions and is not the result of a forced liquidation or distressed sale. We include actual market prices, or observable inputs, in our fair value measurements to the extent available. Broker quotes are obtained when quotes from pricing services are not available. We validate prices obtained from third parties through a variety of means such as: price variance analysis, subsequent sales testing, stale price review, price comparison across pricing vendors and due diligence reviews of vendors. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our fair value measurements.
Fair Value of Liabilities and Nonperformance Risk
Companies are required to measure the fair value of liabilities at the price that would be received to transfer the liability to a market participant (an exit price). Since there is not a market for our obligations of our variable annuity riders, indexed annuities and IUL insurance, we consider the assumptions participants in a hypothetical market would make to reflect an exit price. As a result, we adjust the valuation of variable annuity riders, indexed annuities and IUL insurance by updating certain contractholder assumptions, adding explicit margins to provide for profit, risk and expenses, and adjusting the rates used to discount expected cash flows to reflect a current market estimate of our nonperformance risk. The nonperformance risk adjustment is based on observable market data adjusted to estimate the risk of our life insurance company subsidiaries not fulfilling these liabilities. Consistent with general market conditions, this estimate resulted in a spread over the LIBOR swap curve as of March 31, 2019. As our estimate of this spread widens or tightens, the liability will decrease or increase. If this nonperformance credit spread moves to a zero spread over the LIBOR swap curve, the reduction to future net income would be approximately $366 million, net of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization, the reinsurance accrual and income taxes (calculated at the statutory tax rate of 21%), based on March 31, 2019 credit spreads.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We maintained substantial liquidity during the three months ended March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $3.3 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents excluding CIEs. We have additional liquidity available through an unsecured revolving credit facility for up to $750 million that expires in October 2022. Under the terms of the credit agreement, we can increase this facility to $1.0 billion upon satisfaction of certain approval requirements. Available borrowings under this facility are reduced by any outstanding letters of credit. At March 31, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility and had $1 million of outstanding letters of credit. Our credit facility contains various administrative, reporting, legal and financial covenants. We were in compliance with all such covenants at March 31, 2019.
On March 22, 2019, we issued $500 million of 3.00% senior notes due 2022 and incurred debt issuance costs of $3 million. The net proceeds of the senior notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including repayment or redemption of our 7.30% senior notes due 2019, of which $300 million aggregate principal amount is scheduled to mature on June 28, 2019.
We enter into short-term borrowings, which may include repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, to reduce reinvestment risk. Short-term borrowings allow us to receive cash to reinvest in longer-duration assets, while maintaining the flexibility to pay back the short-term debt with cash flows generated by the fixed income portfolio. The balance of repurchase agreements as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $50 million, which is collateralized with agency residential mortgage backed securities from our investment portfolio. Our subsidiary, RiverSource Life Insurance Company (“RiverSource Life”), is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which provides access to collateralized borrowings. We had $151 million of borrowings from the FHLB, which is collateralized with commercial mortgage backed securities, as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. We believe cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances and our availability of revolver borrowings will be sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs.
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Dividends from Subsidiaries
Ameriprise Financial is primarily a parent holding company for the operations carried out by our wholly owned subsidiaries. Because of our holding company structure, our ability to meet our cash requirements, including the payment of dividends on our common stock, substantially depends upon the receipt of dividends or return of capital from our subsidiaries, particularly our life insurance subsidiary, RiverSource Life, our face-amount certificate subsidiary, Ameriprise Certificate Company (“ACC”), AMPF Holding Corporation, which is the parent company of our retail introducing broker-dealer subsidiary, Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (“AFSI”) and our clearing broker-dealer subsidiary, American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. (“AEIS”), our transfer agent subsidiary, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp., our investment advisory company, Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC, and Ameriprise International Holdings GmbH, which is the parent company of Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl. The payment of dividends by many of our subsidiaries is restricted and certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements.
Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements for our wholly owned subsidiaries subject to regulatory capital requirements were as follows:

| Actual Capital |  | Regulatory Capital Requirements
March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions)
RiverSource Life (1)(2) | $ | 3,092 |  |  | $ | 3,382 |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 675 |
RiverSource Life of NY (1)(2) | 284 |  |  | 266 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 40 |
IDS Property Casualty Insurance Company (1)(3) | 802 |  |  | 789 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | 233 |
Ameriprise Insurance Company (1)(3) | 50 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
ACC (4)(5) | 459 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 420 |
Threadneedle Asset Management Holdings Sàrl (6) | 408 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 173 |
Ameriprise National Trust Bank (7) | 22 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |
AFSI (3)(4) | 106 |  |  | 108 |  |  | # |  |  | # |
Ameriprise Captive Insurance Company (3) | # |  |  | 51 |  |  | # |  |  | 9 |
Ameriprise Trust Company (3) | 33 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 27 |
AEIS (3)(4) | 153 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |
RiverSource Distributors, Inc. (3)(4) | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | # |  |  | # |
Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. (3)(4) | 14 |  |  | 18 |  |  | # |  |  | # |
N/A Not applicable. # Amounts are less than $1 million.

(1) | Actual capital is determined on a statutory basis.

(2) | Regulatory capital requirement is based on the statutory risk-based capital filing.

(3) | Regulatory capital requirement is based on the applicable regulatory requirement, calculated as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

(4) | Actual capital is determined on an adjusted GAAP basis.

(5) | ACC is required to hold capital in compliance with the Minnesota Department of Commerce and SEC capital requirements.

(6) | Actual capital and regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with U.K. regulatory legislation. The regulatory capital requirements at March 31, 2019 represent calculations at December 31, 2018 of the rule based requirements, as specified by FCA regulations.

(7) | Ameriprise National Trust Bank is required to maintain capital in compliance with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations and policies.

In addition to the particular regulations restricting dividend payments and establishing subsidiary capitalization requirements, we take into account the overall health of the business, capital levels and risk management considerations in determining a strategy for payments to our parent holding company from our subsidiaries, and in deciding to use cash to make capital contributions to our subsidiaries.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $543 million (including $250 million from RiverSource Life) and contributed cash to its subsidiaries of $17 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the parent holding company received cash dividends or a return of capital from its subsidiaries of $484 million (including $200 million from RiverSource Life) and contributed no cash to its subsidiaries.
In 2009, RiverSource established an agreement to protect its exposure to Genworth Life Insurance Company (“GLIC”) for its reinsured LTC. In 2016, substantial enhancements to this reinsurance protection agreement were finalized. The terms of these confidential provisions within the agreement have been shared, in the normal course of regular reviews, with our domiciliary regulator and rating agencies. GLIC is domiciled in Delaware so in the event GLIC were subjected to rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings, such proceedings would be located in (and governed by) Delaware laws. Delaware courts have a long tradition of respecting commercial and reinsurance affairs as well as contracts among sophisticated parties. Similar credit protections to what we have with GLIC have been tested and respected in Delaware and elsewhere in the United States, and as a result we believe our credit protections
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would be respected even in the unlikely event that GLIC becomes subject to rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings in Delaware. Accordingly, while no credit protections are perfect, we believe the correct way to think about the risks represented by our counterparty credit exposure to GLIC is not the full amount of the gross liability that GLIC reinsures, but a much smaller net exposure to GLIC (if any that might exist after taking into account our credit protections). Thus, management believes that our agreement and offsetting non LTC legacy arrangements with Genworth will enable RiverSource to recover on all net exposure in all material respects in the event of a rehabilitation or insolvency of GLIC.
Dividends Paid to Shareholders and Share Repurchases
We paid regular quarterly dividends to our shareholders totaling $127 million and $125 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. On April 24, 2019, we announced a quarterly dividend of $0.97 per common share. The dividend will be paid on May 17, 2019 to our shareholders of record at the close of business on May 6, 2019.
In April 2017, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through June 30, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, we had $154 million remaining under this share repurchase authorization. In February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2021. We intend to fund share repurchases through existing working capital, future earnings and other customary financing methods. The share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and depending on market conditions and other factors, these purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. Acquisitions under the share repurchase program may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we repurchased a total of 2.8 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $124.85 per share.
Cash Flows
Cash flows of CIEs and restricted and segregated cash and cash equivalents are reflected in our cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. Cash held by CIEs is not available for general use by Ameriprise Financial, nor is Ameriprise Financial cash available for general use by its CIEs. Cash and cash equivalents segregated under federal and other regulations is held for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers and is not available for general use by Ameriprise Financial.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $172 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $188 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting lower cash outflows related to derivatives.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities primarily relate to our Available-for-Sale investment portfolio. Further, this activity is significantly affected by the net flows of our investment certificate, fixed annuity and universal life products reflected in financing activities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $481 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $67 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting a $345 million decrease to cash related to the fixed annuities reinsurance arrangement in the first quarter of 2019.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $291 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $564 million for the prior year period primarily reflecting proceeds of $497 million from issuance of debt, a $97 million increase in net cash inflows related to investment certificates and a $193 million increase in cash related to changes in policyholder account balances.
Contractual Commitments
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations disclosed in our 2018 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We provide asset management services to investment entities which are considered to be VIEs, such as CLOs, hedge funds, property funds and other private funds, which are sponsored by us. We consolidate certain CLOs. We have determined that consolidation is not required for hedge funds, property funds and other private funds, which are sponsored by us. Our maximum exposure to loss with respect to our investment in these non-consolidated entities is limited to our carrying value. We have no obligation to provide further financial or other support to these investment entities nor have we provided any support to these investment entities. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our arrangements with these investment entities.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements that reflect management’s plans, estimates and beliefs. Actual results could differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include:

• | statements of the Company’s plans, intentions, positioning, expectations, objectives or goals, including those relating to asset flows, mass affluent and affluent client acquisition strategy, client retention and growth of our client base, financial advisor productivity, retention, recruiting and enrollments, the introduction, cessation, terms or pricing of new or existing products and services, acquisition integration, benefits and claims expenses, general and administrative costs, consolidated tax rate, return of capital to shareholders, debt repayment and excess capital position and financial flexibility to capture additional growth opportunities;

• | other statements about future economic performance, the performance of equity markets and interest rate variations and the economic performance of the United States and of global markets; and

• | statements of assumptions underlying such statements.

The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “likely,” “forecast,” “on pace,” “project” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements.
Such factors include, but are not limited to:

• | the occurrence of any event, change of circumstance that could give rise to the termination of the Company’s agreement with American Family Insurance regarding the sale of the Company’s Auto and Home Insurance business, the inability to complete the proposed sale due to the failure to satisfy the conditions to the closing of the proposed sale, including that a governmental entity may prohibit, delay or refuse to grant approval for the consummation of the proposed sale, uncertainty as to the timing of completing of the proposed sale, and risks that the proposed transaction disrupts current plans and operations;

• | uncertainty as to the timing of launching the Company’s federal savings bank or its products;

• | conditions in the interest rate, credit default, equity market and foreign exchange environments, including changes in valuations, liquidity and volatility;

• | changes in and the adoption of relevant accounting standards and securities rating agency standards and processes, as well as changes in the litigation and regulatory environment, including ongoing legal proceedings and regulatory actions, the frequency and extent of legal claims threatened or initiated by clients, other persons and regulators, and developments in regulation and legislation, including the rules and regulations implemented or that may be implemented or modified in connection with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, bank holding company laws and regulations or in light of the U.S. Department of Labor’s fiduciary regulations (as well as state and other fiduciary rules, the SEC best interest standards, or similar standards such as the Certified Financial Planner Board standards) pertaining to the fiduciary status of investment advice providers to 401(k) plans, plan sponsors, plan participants and the holders of individual retirement or health savings accounts and related issues;

• | investment management performance and distribution partner and consumer acceptance of the Company’s products;

• | effects of competition in the financial services industry, including pricing pressure, the introduction of new products and services and changes in product distribution mix and distribution channels;

• | changes to the Company’s reputation that may arise from employee or advisor misconduct, legal or regulatory actions, cybersecurity incidents, perceptions of the financial services industry generally, improper management of conflicts of interest or otherwise;

• | the Company’s capital structure, including indebtedness, limitations on subsidiaries to pay dividends, and the extent, manner, terms and timing of any share or debt repurchases management may effect as well as the opinions of rating agencies and other analysts and the reactions of market participants or the Company’s regulators, advisors, distribution partners or customers in response to any change or prospect of change in any such opinion;

• | changes to the availability and cost of liquidity and the Company’s credit capacity that may arise due to shifts in market conditions, the Company’s credit ratings and the overall availability of credit;

• | risks of default, capacity constraint or repricing by issuers or guarantors of investments the Company owns or by counterparties to hedge, derivative, insurance or reinsurance arrangements or by manufacturers of products the Company distributes, experience deviations from the Company’s assumptions regarding such risks, the evaluations or the prospect of changes in evaluations of any such third parties published by rating agencies or other analysts, and the reactions of other market participants or the Company’s regulators, advisors, distribution partners or customers in response to any such evaluation or prospect of changes in evaluation;

• | experience deviations from the Company’s assumptions regarding morbidity, mortality, persistency and premium rate increases in certain annuity and insurance products (including, but not limited to, variable annuities and long term care policies), or from assumptions regarding market returns assumed in valuing or unlocking DAC and DSIC or market volatility underlying the Company’s valuation and hedging of guaranteed benefit annuity riders, or from assumptions regarding interest rates or asset

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yield assumed in the Company's loss recognition testing of its long term care business, or from assumptions regarding anticipated claims and losses relating to the Company’s auto and home insurance products;

• | changes in capital requirements that may be indicated, required or advised by regulators or rating agencies;

• | the impacts of the Company’s efforts to improve distribution economics and to grow third-party distribution of its products;

• | the ability to pursue and complete strategic transactions and initiatives, including acquisitions, divestitures, restructurings, joint ventures and the development of new products and services;

• | the ability to realize the financial, operating and business fundamental benefits of strategic transactions and initiatives the Company has completed, is pursuing or may pursue in the future, which may be impacted by the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the ability to effectively manage related expenses and by market, business partner and consumer reactions to such strategic transactions and initiatives;

• | the ability and timing to realize savings and other benefits from re-engineering and tax planning;

• | interruptions or other failures in the Company’s communications, technology and other operating systems, including errors or failures caused by third-party service providers, interference or failures caused by third party attacks on the Company’s systems (or other cybersecurity incidents), or the failure to safeguard the privacy or confidentiality of sensitive information and data on such systems; and

• | general economic and political factors, including consumer confidence in the economy and the financial industry, the ability and inclination of consumers generally to invest as well as their ability and inclination to invest in financial instruments and products other than cash and cash equivalents, the costs of products and services the Company consumes in the conduct of its business, and applicable legislation and regulation and changes therein (such as the ongoing negotiations following the June 2016 UK referendum on membership in the European Union and the uncertain regulatory environment in the U.S. since the 2016 U.S. election), including tax laws, tax treaties, fiscal and central government treasury policy, and policies regarding the financial services industry and publicly-held firms, and regulatory rulings and pronouncements.

Management cautions the reader that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. There may also be other risks that management is unable to predict at this time that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Management undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. The foregoing list of factors should be read in conjunction with the “Risk Factors” discussion included in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 10-K.
Ameriprise Financial announces financial and other information to investors through the Company’s investor relations website at ir.ameriprise.com, as well as SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. Investors and others interested in the company are encouraged to visit the investor relations website from time to time, as information is updated and new information is posted. The website also allows users to sign up for automatic notifications in the event new materials are posted. The information found on the website is not incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document the Company furnishes or files with the SEC.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information set forth in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Risk” in this report is incorporated herein by reference. These disclosures should be read in conjunction with the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” discussion included as Part II, Item 7A of our 2018 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be reported in the Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in and pursuant to SEC regulations, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. It should be noted that, because of inherent limitations, our company’s disclosure controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of March 31, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the risk factors provided in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the first quarter of 2019:

Period |  | (a) |  | (b) |  | (c) |  | (d)
Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1 to January 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share repurchase program (1) |  | 723,000 |  |  | $ | 116.01 |  |  | 723,000 |  |  | $ | 424,756,717 |
Employee transactions (2) |  | 72,897 |  |  | $ | 114.90 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
February 1 to February 28, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share repurchase program (1) |  | 859,439 |  |  | $ | 129.10 |  |  | 859,439 |  |  | $ | 2,813,801,717 |
Employee transactions (2) |  | 255,871 |  |  | $ | 128.66 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
March 1 to March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share repurchase program (1) |  | 1,259,794 |  |  | $ | 127.01 |  |  | 1,259,794 |  |  | $ | 2,653,789,607 |
Employee transactions (2) |  | 25,352 |  |  | $ | 129.42 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share repurchase program (1) |  | 2,842,233 |  |  | $ | 124.85 |  |  | 2,842,233 |  |  |  |
Employee transactions (2) |  | 354,120 |  |  | $ | 125.88 |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |
|  | 3,196,353 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,842,233 |  |  |  |

N/A Not applicable.
(1) On April 24, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized an expenditure of up to $2.5 billion for the repurchase of our common stock through June 30, 2019. In February 2019, our Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase up to $2.5 billion of our common stock through March 31, 2021. The share repurchase program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares, and depending on market conditions and other factors, these purchases may be commenced or suspended at any time without prior notice. Acquisitions under the share repurchase program may be made in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or block trades or other means.
(2) Includes restricted shares withheld pursuant to the terms of awards under the Company’s share-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of restricted shares. The value of the restricted shares withheld is the closing price of common stock of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on the date the relevant transaction occurs. Also includes shares withheld pursuant to the net settlement of Non-Qualified Stock Option (“NQSO”) exercises to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon exercise and to cover the strike price of the NQSO. The value of the shares withheld pursuant to the net settlement of NQSO exercises is the closing price of common stock of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on the day prior to the date the relevant transaction occurs.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we have filed certain agreements as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These agreements may contain representations and warranties by the parties. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other party or parties to such agreements and (i) may have been qualified by disclosures made to such other party or parties, (ii) were made only as of the date of such agreements or such other date(s) as may be specified in such agreements and are subject to more recent developments, which may not be fully reflected in our public disclosure, (iii) may reflect the allocation of risk among the parties to such agreements and (iv) may apply materiality standards different from what may be viewed as material to investors. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe our actual state of affairs at the date hereof and should not be relied upon.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The exhibit numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits electronically filed herewith. All other exhibit numbers indicate exhibits previously filed and are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit | Description
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 1-32525, filed on May 1, 2014).
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 1-32525, filed on October 5, 2018).
4.1 | Form of Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 3 to Form 10 Registration Statement, File No. 1-32525, filed on August 19, 2005). Other instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the registrant are omitted pursuant to Section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The registrant agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.
31.1* | Certification of James M. Cracchiolo pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2* | Certification of Walter S. Berman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32* | Certification of James M. Cracchiolo and Walter S. Berman pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 | The following materials from Ameriprise Financial, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
* Filed electronically herewithin.

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AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, INC.
(Registrant)

Date: | May 1, 2019 | By | /s/ Walter S. Berman
| Walter S. Berman Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: | May 1, 2019 | By | /s/ David K. Stewart
| David K. Stewart Senior Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

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