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Retirement Plans and Profit Sharing Arrangements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Retirement Plans and Profit Sharing Arrangements | Retirement Plans and Profit Sharing Arrangements Defined Benefit Plans Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company’s U.S. non-advisor employees who were hired prior to April of 2019 are generally eligible for the Ameriprise Financial Retirement Plan (the “Retirement Plan”), a noncontributory defined benefit plan which is a qualified plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). However, effective April 2020, the Company no longer enrolled new employees in the Retirement Plan. Funding of costs for the Retirement Plan complies with the applicable minimum funding requirements specified by ERISA and is held in a trust. The Retirement Plan is a cash balance plan by which the employees’ accrued benefits are based on notional account balances, which are maintained for each individual. Each pay period these balances are credited with an amount equal to a percentage of eligible compensation as defined by the Retirement Plan (which includes, but is not limited to, base pay, performance based incentive pay, commissions, shift differential and overtime). The percentage ranges from 2.5% to 10% depending on several factors including years of service as of April 2020 and will no longer increase with more years of service. Employees’ balances are also credited with a fixed rate of interest that is updated each January 1 and is based on the average of the daily five-year U.S. Treasury Note yields for the previous October 1 through November 30, with a minimum crediting rate of 5% and maximum crediting rate of 10%. Employees are fully vested after 3 years of service or upon retirement at or after age 65, disability or death while employed. Employees have the option to receive annuity payments or a lump sum payout of vested balance at termination or retirement. In addition, the Company sponsors the Ameriprise Financial Supplemental Retirement Plan (the “SRP”), an unfunded non-qualified deferred compensation plan subject to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan is for certain highly compensated employees to replace the benefit that cannot be provided by the Retirement Plan due to IRS limits. The SRP generally parallels the Retirement Plan but offers different payment options. The Company also sponsors unfunded defined benefit postretirement plans that provide health care and life insurance to retired U.S. employees. On December 31, 2016, the access to retiree health care coverage was closed to all active employees who had previously met the qualification requirements. Instead, only existing retirees, as of January 1, 2017, qualifying for the plan and electing coverage will be provided a fixed amount to subsidize health care insurance purchased through other providers. Net periodic postretirement benefit costs were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Most employees outside the U.S. are covered by local retirement plans, some of which are funded, while other employees receive payments at the time of retirement or termination under applicable labor laws or agreements. All plans are closed to new participants. The plans provide benefits calculated using salary data of the participants. The plans are based on final salary payments and benefits are adjusted in line with plan rules (e.g. in line with price inflation in the U.K.) once in payment during retirement. The level of benefits provided depends on the member’s length of service and pensionable salary at retirement date or date of termination if earlier. All components of the net periodic benefit cost are recorded in General and administrative expense and were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Interest cost | 39 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 29 |
Expected return on plan assets | (70) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (55) |
Amortization of prior service credits | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
Amortization of net loss | 18 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 15 |
Other | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 7 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 39 |
The prior service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants. Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period of active participants. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the benefit obligation:
| Pension Plans |  | Other Postretirement Plans
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (in millions)
Benefit obligation at January 1 | $ | 1,815 |  |  | $ | 1,271 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 14 |
Service cost | 43 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 39 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Plan change | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (21) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (520) |  |  | 16 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | 498 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | (27) |  |  | (27) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency rate changes | (73) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit obligation at December 31 | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 1,815 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 13 |
The actuarial (gain) loss for pension plans were primarily due to changes in the discount rate assumption as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of assets:
| Pension Plans
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (in millions)
Fair value of plan assets, January 1 | $ | 1,583 |  |  | $ | 905 |
Actual return on plan assets | (365) |  |  | 121 |
Employer contributions | 56 |  |  | 14 |
Benefits paid | (21) |  |  | (12) |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | 586 |
Settlements | (27) |  |  | (27) |
Foreign currency rate changes | (84) |  |  | (4) |
Fair value of plan assets, December 31 | $ | 1,142 |  |  | $ | 1,583 |
The Company complies with the minimum funding requirements in all countries. The following table provides the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, which equal the funded status of the plans:
| Pension Plans |  | Other Postretirement Plans
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (in millions)
Benefit liability | $ | (215) |  |  | $ | (339) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (13) |
Benefit asset | 101 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amount recognized | $ | (114) |  |  | $ | (232) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (13) |
The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.2 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. The following table provides information for pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
| December 31,
2022 |  | 2021
(in millions)
Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets |  |  |
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 1,769 |
Fair value of plan assets | 688 |  |  | 1,583 |
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 903 |  |  | $ | 1,815 |
Fair value of plan assets | 688 |  |  | 1,583 |
The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were as follows:
| Pension Plans |  | Other Postretirement Plans
2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Discount rates | 5.30 | % |  | 2.46 | % |  | 5.41 | % |  | 2.01 | %
Rates of increase in compensation levels | 3.72 |  |  | 3.72 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
Interest crediting rates for cash balance plans | 5.00 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
N/A Not Applicable The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost of pension plans were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Discount rates | 2.46 | % |  | 2.33 | % |  | 2.97 | %
Rates of increase in compensation levels | 3.69 |  |  | 5.21 |  |  | 4.01 |
Expected long-term rates of return on assets | 4.82 |  |  | 6.58 |  |  | 7.14 |
Interest crediting rates for cash balance plans | 5.00 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 5.00 |
In developing the expected long-term rate of return on assets, management evaluated input from an external consulting firm, including their projection of asset class return expectations and long-term inflation assumptions. The Company also considered historical returns on the plans’ assets. Discount rates are based on yields available on high-quality corporate bonds that would generate cash flows necessary to pay the benefits when due. The Company’s pension plans’ assets are invested in an aggregate diversified portfolio to minimize the impact of any adverse or unexpected results from a security class on the entire portfolio. Diversification is interpreted to include diversification by asset type, performance and risk characteristics and number of investments. When appropriate and consistent with the objectives of the plans, derivative instruments may be used to mitigate risk or provide further diversification, subject to the investment policies of the plans. Asset classes and ranges considered appropriate for investment of the plans’ assets are determined by each plan’s investment committee. The target allocations are 70% equity securities, 20% debt securities and 10% all other types of investments, except for the assets in pooled pension funds and certain collective funds described below, and additional voluntary contribution assets outside the U.S. which are allocated at the discretion of the individual and will be converted at retirement into the defined benefit pension plan. Actual allocations will generally be within 5% of these targets. In addition, assets in pooled pension funds and certain collective funds reflect allocations between growth and liability matching portfolios and may shift based on manager discretion. These funds invest primarily in debt securities, equity securities, and certain derivatives, either directly or through other collective funds. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no significant holdings of any single issuer and the exposure to derivative instruments was not significant. The following tables present the Company’s pension plans assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Asset Category |  | December 31, 2022 |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
| (in millions) |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. small cap stocks | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82 |  |
Registered investment companies |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |
Insurance contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |
Cash equivalents at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | (1)
Collective investment funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 758 |  | (1)
Real estate investment trusts at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  | (1)
Hedge funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | (1)
Pooled pension funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 152 |  | (1)
Total | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1,142 |  |
|  | December 31, 2021 |
Asset Category |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
| (in millions) |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. small cap stocks | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 102 |  |
Non-U.S. large cap stocks | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. investment grade bonds | 45 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |  |
Non-U.S. investment grade bonds | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |
Insurance contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |  |
Cash equivalents at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  | (1)
Collective investment funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 984 |  | (1)
Real estate investment trusts at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  | (1)
Hedge funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62 |  | (1)
Pooled pension funds at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  | 226 |  | (1)
Total | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,583 |  |
(1) Amounts are comprised of certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Equity securities are managed to track the performance of common market indices for both U.S. and non-U.S. securities, primarily across large cap, small cap and emerging market asset classes. Debt securities are managed to track the performance of common market indices for both U.S. and non-U.S. investment grade bonds as well as a pool of U.S. high yield bonds. Cash equivalents consist of holdings in a money market fund that seeks to equal the return of the three month U.S. Treasury bill. Collective investment funds include equity and debt securities. Real estate funds are managed to track the performance of a broad population of investment grade non-agricultural income producing properties. The Company’s investments in hedge funds include investments in a multi-strategy fund and an off-shore fund managed to track the performance of broad fund of fund indices. Pooled pension funds are managed to track a specific benchmark based on the investment objectives of the fund. The fair value of equity securities classified as Level 1 use quoted prices in active markets and the fair value of equity securities classified as Level 2 is determined based on a market approach using observable inputs. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasuries and actively traded mutual funds. Level 2 debt securities include mortgage and asset backed securities, agency securities and corporate debt securities. The fair value of the Level 2 securities is determined based on a market approach using observable inputs. Insurance contracts support certain non-U.S plans and are classified as Level 3. The amounts recognized in AOCI, net of tax, as of December 31, 2022 but not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost included an unrecognized actuarial loss of $80 million and an unrecognized prior service credit of $2 million related to the Company’s pension plans. The Company’s other postretirement plans included an unrecognized actuarial gain of $2 million and an unrecognized prior service credit of $1 million as of December 31, 2022. See Note 20 for a rollforward of AOCI related to the Company’s defined benefit plans. The Company’s pension plans expect to make benefit payments to retirees as follows:
| Pension Plans |  | Other Postretirement Plans
| (in millions)
2023 | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 2 |
2024 | 80 |  |  | 1 |
2025 | 79 |  |  | 1 |
2026 | 80 |  |  | 1 |
2027 | 84 |  |  | 1 |
2028-2032 | 465 |  |  | 5 |
The Company expects to contribute $4 million and nil to its pension plans and other postretirement plans, respectively, in 2023. Defined Contribution Plans The Company’s U.S. employees are generally eligible to participate in the Ameriprise Financial 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). The 401(k) Plan allows eligible employees to make contributions through payroll deductions up to IRS limits and invest their contributions in one or more of the 401(k) Plan investment options, which include the Ameriprise Financial Stock Fund. The Company provides a dollar for dollar match up to the first 5% of eligible compensation an employee contributes on a pretax and/or Roth 401(k) basis for each annual period. Effective April 2020, employees not eligible to participate in the Retirement Plan will receive a 2% company contribution to their 401(k) Plan once they become eligible for contributions. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees become eligible for contributions under the plan during the pay period they reach 60 days of service. Match contributions are fully vested after five years of service, vesting ratably over the first five years of service, or upon retirement at or after age 65, disability or death while employed. The Company’s defined contribution plan expense was $67 million, $59 million and $55 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Employees outside the U.S. who are not covered by the 401(k) may be covered by local defined contribution plans which are subject to applicable laws and rules of the country where the plan is administered. The Company’s expense related to defined contribution plans outside the U.S. was $8 million, $8 million and $7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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