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Investment and other income
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Investment and other income
9. Investment and other income
Investment and other income includes gains and losses on asset sales as follows:
millions of Canadian dollars
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
2018
  
 
 
 
2017
  
Proceeds from asset sales
  
 
82
 
    
59
     
232
 
                         
Book value of asset sales
  
 
36
 
    
5
     
12
 
Gain (loss) on asset sales,
before-tax
(a)
  
 
46
 
    
54
     
220
 
Gain (loss) on asset sales,
after-tax
(a)
  
 
42
 
    
38
     
192
 
(a)
  2017 included a gain of $174 million ($151 million after tax) from the sale of surplus property in Ontario.