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New Accounting Standards
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
New Accounting Standards [Abstract]  
New Accounting Standards

3.NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Accounting Standards Adopted

Revenue From Contracts With Customers.  In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued guidance to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers.  The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 for public entities.  The Company adopted the amended guidance using the modified retrospective method as of January 1, 2018 for all ongoing customer contracts.  The Company’s results of operations for the reported periods after January 1, 2018 are presented under this amended guidance, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with historical accounting guidance. 

The impact of adopting the amended guidance primarily relates to the deferral of certain sales incentives, which previously were expensed as incurred, but under the new guidance are capitalized as Other assets and amortized to Selling, general and administrative expenses over the expected life of the customer relationship.  The Company recognized a net increase to retained earnings of $13,243 as of January 1, 2018 for the cumulative impact of adopting the amended guidance.  The cumulative impact was associated with both the capitalization of certain sales incentives as contract acquisition costs consisting of an asset in the amount of $16,296 and a related deferred tax liability of $4,058 and a change in accounting for revenue priced based on published indices at the Company’s Canada operations of $1,005. Prior to adoption, the Company expensed approximately $16,000 in sales incentives annually.  There were no other material impacts on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the Company’s adoption of this amended guidance.

For contracts with an effective term greater than one year, the Company applied the standard’s practical expedient that permits the exclusion of unsatisfied performance obligations as the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.  The Company also applied the standard’s optional exemption for performance obligations related to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The Company applied the standard’s practical expedient that permits an entity to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity would have recognized is one year or less. See Note 5 for additional information and disclosures related to this amended guidance.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash PaymentsIn August 2016, the FASB issued guidance that addresses eight targeted changes with respect to how cash receipts and cash payments are classified in the statements of cash flows, with the objective of reducing diversity in practice.  The new standard is effective for public companies for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The guidance requires application using a retrospective transition method.  The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s statement of cash flows.

Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory.  In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance that eliminates the exception for all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory. As a result, a reporting entity would recognize the tax expense from the sale of the asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation.  Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the time of the transfer.  The modified retrospective approach will be required for transition to the new guidance, with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The new guidance is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those years.  The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash.  In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.  Entities are also required to reconcile such total to amounts on the balance sheet and disclose the nature of the restrictions.  The new standard is effective for public companies for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018.  All prior periods have been adjusted to conform to the current period presentation, which resulted in an increase in cash used in investing activities of $39,494 and $3,544 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting.  In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification.  Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions.  The new standard is effective prospectively for all companies for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017.  The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for the Tax Effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.  On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under Accounting Standards Codification 740 (“ASC 740”). In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

The Tax Act’s one-time deemed repatriation transition tax (the “Transition Tax”) on certain unrepatriated earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits of certain of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 earnings and profits of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. In 2017, the Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a provisional Transition Tax obligation of $1,000. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company concluded its evaluation of the Transition Tax.  However, the Company has not concluded on its policy regarding the accounting for the tax impacts of global intangible low-taxed income, and the permanently reinvested amounts attributable to the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries are considered provisional under SAB 118.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

Lease Accounting.  In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all of their leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease).  The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments.  The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs.  For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance.  Operating leases will result in straight-line expense (similar to current operating leases) while finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to current capital leases).  Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines.  The new standard is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. 

The FASB issued new guidance in July 2018, which amends the guidance to allow the issuer to elect from two adoption alternatives: 1) apply the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented; or 2) apply the new guidance at the effective date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment, without adjusting the comparative periods presented.  The Company plans to apply the new guidance at the effective date and recognize a cumulative effect adjustment.

The Company is assessing the provisions of the lease accounting guidance and has acquired a software solution to manage and account for leases under the new standard.  The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance on its consolidated financial statements; however, the Company currently plans to apply the package of practical expedients to leases that commenced before the effective date whereby the Company will elect not to reassess the following: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) whether initial direct costs exist for any existing leases.  The Company is currently assessing the disclosure requirements under the new standard and it anticipates disclosing additional information, as necessary, to comply with the new standard.

Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.  In August 2017, the FASB issued guidance which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements and make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. The amendments in this update are intended to better align an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and presentation of hedge results. The effective date for the standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

SEC Simplified and Updated Disclosure Requirements.  In August 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) amended its rules to require an analysis of changes in stockholders’ equity in the financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.  The analysis, which can be presented as a note or separate statement, is required for the current and comparative quarter and year-to-date interim periods.  The amended rules will become effective 30 days after they are published in the Federal Register; however, the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance issued a Compliance and Disclosure Interpretation (the “CDI”) that provides transition guidance related to this new disclosure.  The CDI states that the amendments are effective for all filings made on or after the effective date; however, it also states that SEC staff would not object if a filer’s first presentation of the changes in stockholders’ equity was included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the effective date of the amendments, which is the quarter ending March 31, 2019 for the Company.  The Company will be including these additional disclosures beginning with its first quarter Form 10-Q in 2019.