FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company measures its cash equivalents, customer funds, short-term and long-term marketable debt securities, and marketable equity investments at fair value. The Company classifies these investments within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the Company values these investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are classified as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds	$	304,690	$	—	$	—	$	218,109	$	—	$	—
U.S. agency securities	—		40,410		—		—		46,423		—
Time deposits	10,146		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. government securities	23,963		—		—		—		—		—
Municipal securities	—		—		—		86,239		—		—
Foreign securities	—		—		—		—		23,981		—
Customer funds:
Money market funds	388		—		—		18		—		—
U.S. agency securities	—		23,321		—		—		67,282		—
U.S. government securities	229,171		—		—		108,020		—		—
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	—		132,348		—		—		80,122		—
Corporate bonds	—		55,501		—		—		109,519		—
Commercial paper	—		2,245		—		—		—		—
Municipal securities	—		2,669		—		—		27,832		—
U.S. government securities	351,717		—		—		292,267		—		—
Foreign securities	—		13,176		—		—		31,251		—
Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	—		87,903		—		—		114,560		—
Corporate bonds	—		185,563		—		—		159,252		—
Municipal securities	—		12,582		—		—		28,594		—
U.S. government securities	250,265		—		—		154,124		—		—
Foreign securities	—		28,195		—		—		8,150		—
Other:
Marketable equity investment	28,875		—		—		45,342		—		—
Total	$	1,199,215	$	583,913	$	—	$	904,119	$	696,966	$	—

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including settlements receivable, accounts payable, customers payable, accrued expenses and settlements payable, approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

The Company estimates the fair value of its convertible senior notes based on their last actively traded prices (Level 1) or market observable inputs (Level 2). The estimated fair value and carrying value of the convertible senior notes were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 2)		Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 2)
2023 Notes	$	740,921	$	961,092	$	718,522	$	901,468
2022 Notes	187,948		575,661		181,173		515,693
Total	$	928,869	$	1,536,753	$	899,695	$	1,417,161

The estimated fair value and carrying value of loans held for sale is as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 3)		Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 3)
Loans held for sale	$	120,776	$	126,218	$	89,974	$	93,064
Total	$	120,776	$	126,218	$	89,974	$	93,064

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a charge for the excess of amortized cost over fair value of the loans of $5.3 million and $18.4 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge for the excess of amortized cost over fair value of the loans of $3.3 million and $9.0 million, respectively.

If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets or liabilities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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