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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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May 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note L — Income Taxes The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|  | May 31,
In millions |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefit liabilities |  | $ | 37.6 |  | $ | 36.3
Other current liabilities |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 8.8
Tax credit carry forward |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 17.5
Leases |  |  | 34.2 |  |  | —
Net operating loss ("NOL") carry forwards |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 10.6
Tax benefit of uncertain tax positions |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 5.7
Other |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.2
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 114.0 |  |  | 80.3
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred contract costs |  |  | 122.8 |  |  | 119.7
Capitalized software |  |  | 45.7 |  |  | 42.8
Depreciation |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 3.0
Goodwill and intangible assets |  |  | 117.4 |  |  | 127.5
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 29.3 |  |  | —
Revenue not subject to current taxes |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 5.2
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities |  |  | 24.5 |  |  | 5.2
Gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 354.8 |  |  | 303.4
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | (240.8) |  | $ | (223.1)
The deferred tax asset related to NOL carry forward is comprised of $4.4 million of federal NOL carry forwards and $5.3 million of state NOL carry forwards. The federal NOL carry forwards were acquired through various acquisitions and expire between the fiscal years ending May 31, 2022 and May 31, 2037. The state NOL carry forwards expire between the fiscal years ending May 31, 20 21 through May 31, 2039. The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31,
In millions |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 265.5 |  | $ | 258.2 |  | $ | 289.1
State |  |  | 77.5 |  |  | 70.7 |  |  | 54.1
Total current |  |  | 343.0 |  |  | 328.9 |  |  | 343.2
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | (38.0)
State |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 0.8
Total deferred |  |  | (4.0) |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | (37.2)
Income taxes |  | $ | 339.0 |  | $ | 333.6 |  | $ | 306.0
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Federal statutory tax rate |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 29.2 | %
Increase/(decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Statutory tax rate reduction resulting from the Tax Act |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | (2.0) | %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  | 3.9 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Section 199 - Qualified production activities |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | (0.3) | %
Tax-exempt municipal bond interest |  | (0.4) | % |  | (0.5) | % |  | (1.1) | %
Stock option windfall benefit |  | (0.8) | % |  | (0.5) | % |  | (0.8) | %
Other items, including adoption of ASC 606 |  | (0.1) | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | (4.5) | %
Effective income tax rate |  | 23.6 | % |  | 24.4 | % |  | 23.5 | %
The effective income tax rates in all periods were impacted by recognition of net discrete tax benefits related to employee stock-based compensation payments. In fiscal 2019, the effective income tax rate included discrete tax expense for changes in tax reserves and the revaluation of deferred tax balances for legislative updates. In fiscal 2018, as a result of the Tax Act, we recorded a non-recurring net tax benefit for the revaluation of our net deferred tax liabilities. The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to U.S. federal corporate income taxation including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% (a blended statutory tax rate of 29.2% for fiscal 2018); (ii) repeal of the Section 199 qualified production activities deduction; (iii) creating new or furthering limitations to the deductibility of certain officer compensation, interest, meals, entertainment and other expenses; and (iv) changing from a worldwide to a territorial taxation system. As of May 31, 2019, the Company’s accounting for the impact of the Tax Act was completed. As a result of the Tax Act, the Company derived estimated tax benefits of $160.5 million, including a net tax benefit of $83.5 million related to the revaluation of the Company’s net deferred tax liabilities and a net tax benefit of $77.0 million related to the reduction in the Company’s statutory income tax rate for fiscal 2018 applied to income before taxes. These amounts totaled $0.23 per diluted share and $0.21 per diluted share, respectively. Uncertain income tax positions: The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, numerous local and state tax jurisdictions within the U.S., and taxes in Europe. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax positions. As of May 31, 2020 and May 31, 2019, the total reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, was $26.5 million and $21.6 million, respectively, and was included in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, not including interest or other potential offsetting effects, is as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31,
In millions |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance as of beginning of fiscal year |  | $ | 22.1 |  | $ | 14.9 |  | $ | 43.7
Additions for tax positions of the current year |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 2.3
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 0.1
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2)
Settlements with tax authorities |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (28.6)
Expiration of the statute of limitations |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (1.4)
Balance as of end of fiscal year |  | $ | 26.2 |  | $ | 22.1 |  | $ | 14.9
In May 2018, the Company settled its IRS examination for fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2017. As a result of the settlement, the reserve for uncertain tax positions was decreased by $27.2 million and income tax expense of $2.7 million was recorded. The reserve as of May 31, 2020 substantially relates to the Company’s uncertain tax positions for certain state income tax matters. The Company believes the reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, of $26.5 million as of May 31, 2020 adequately covers open tax years and uncertain tax positions up to and including fiscal 2020 for major taxing jurisdictions. As of May 31, 2020 and May 31, 2019, the entire $26.5 million and $21.6 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and net of federal benefit, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through fiscal 2017. With limited exception, state income tax audits by taxing authorities are closed through fiscal 2014, primarily due to expiration of the statute of limitations. The Company continues to follow its policy of recognizing interest and penalties accrued on tax positions as a component of income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amount of accrued interest and penalties associated with the Company’s tax positions is immaterial to the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of interest and penalties recognized for fiscal years 2020, 2019, and 2018 was immaterial to the Company’s results of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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