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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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May 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note L — Income Taxes The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|  | May 31, |
In millions |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefit liabilities |  | $ |  | 69.2 |  |  | $ |  | 60.3 |
Other current liabilities |  |  |  | 15.8 |  |  |  |  | 12.4 |
Tax credit carry forward |  |  |  | 10.4 |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 24.4 |  |  |  |  | 16.5 |
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities |  |  |  | 13.6 |  |  |  |  | 40.1 |
Capitalization of research and development |  |  |  | 133.4 |  |  |  |  | 68.6 |
Leases |  |  |  | 15.6 |  |  |  |  | 13.9 |
Net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards |  |  |  | 28.9 |  |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Tax benefit of uncertain tax positions |  |  |  | 18.3 |  |  |  |  | 16.2 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  |  | 329.6 |  |  |  |  | 233.2 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred contract costs |  |  |  | 149.7 |  |  |  |  | 151.2 |
Capitalized software |  |  |  | 167.7 |  |  |  |  | 58.2 |
Depreciation |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Goodwill and intangible assets |  |  |  | 429.8 |  |  |  |  | 91.8 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  |  | 12.7 |  |  |  |  | 9.5 |
Other |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  |  | 7.7 |
Gross deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  | 768.5 |  |  |  |  | 318.7 |
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ |  | (438.9 | ) |  | $ |  | (85.5 | )
The deferred tax asset related to NOL carry forwards is comprised of $16.0 million of federal NOL carry forwards, $11.7 million of state NOL carry forwards, and $5.3 million of foreign NOL carry forwards. The federal NOL carry forwards were acquired through various acquisitions. Certain federal NOL carry forwards have indefinite lives, while others expire between the fiscal years ending May 31, 2028 and May 31, 2037. The state NOL carry forwards expire between the fiscal years ending May 31, 2026 through May 31, 2044. The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31, |
In millions |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ |  | 418.8 |  |  | $ |  | 433.5 |  |  | $ |  | 418.1 |
State |  |  |  | 118.4 |  |  |  |  | 117.4 |  |  |  |  | 117.1 |
Non-U.S. |  |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  |  |  | 6.5 |  |  |  |  | (0.3 | )
Total current |  |  |  | 534.4 |  |  |  |  | 557.4 |  |  |  |  | 534.9 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  |  | (9.9 | ) |  |  |  | (18.6 | ) |  |  |  | (34.2 | )
State |  |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  |  | (4.6 | ) |  |  |  | (7.4 | )
Non-U.S. |  |  |  | (3.2 | ) |  |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  |  |  | (2.4 | )
Total deferred |  |  |  | (15.8 | ) |  |  |  | (29.8 | ) |  |  |  | (44.0 | )
Income taxes |  | $ |  | 518.6 |  |  | $ |  | 527.6 |  |  | $ |  | 490.9 |
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Federal statutory tax rate |  |  | 21.0 |  | % |  |  | 21.0 |  | % |  |  | 21.0 |  | %
Increase/(decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  |  | 4.2 |  | % |  |  | 4.0 |  | % |  |  | 4.2 |  | %
Stock option windfall benefit |  |  | (0.4 | ) | % |  |  | (0.4 | ) | % |  |  | (0.4 | ) | %
Tax credits |  |  | (1.1 | ) | % |  |  | (0.8 | ) | % |  |  | (0.7 | ) | %
Other items |  |  | 0.1 |  | % |  |  | — |  | % |  |  | (0.1 | ) | %
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 23.8 |  | % |  |  | 23.8 |  | % |  |  | 24.0 |  | %
The effective income tax rates in all periods were impacted by recognition of net discrete tax benefits related to employee stock-based compensation payments. Uncertain income tax positions: The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, numerous local and state tax jurisdictions within the U.S., and taxes in Europe. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax positions. As of May 31, 2025, the reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of benefits, was $108.6 million, of which $100.6 million was included in long-term liabilities and $8.0 million was netted in the deferred tax on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 31, 2024, the total reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, was $86.4 million and was included in long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, not including interest or other potential offsetting effec ts, is as follows:
|  | Year ended May 31, |
In millions |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Balance as of beginning of fiscal year |  | $ |  | 87.2 |  |  | $ |  | 72.0 |  |  | $ |  | 50.2 |
Additions for tax positions of the current year |  |  |  | 20.1 |  |  |  |  | 20.6 |  |  |  |  | 20.6 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  |  |  | 9.8 |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  |  |  | (5.5 | ) |  |  |  | (3.8 | ) |  |  |  | (2.1 | )
Settlements with tax authorities |  |  |  | (0.0 | ) |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  |  | (0.4 | )
Expiration of the statute of limitations |  |  |  | (5.6 | ) |  |  |  | (2.1 | ) |  |  |  | (0.9 | )
Balance as of end of fiscal year |  | $ |  | 106.0 |  |  | $ |  | 87.2 |  |  | $ |  | 72.0 |
The reserve as of May 31, 2025 substantially relates to the Company’s uncertain tax positions for certain U.S. federal and state income tax matters. The Company believes the reserve for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, of $108.6 million as of May 31, 2025 adequately covers open tax years and uncertain tax positions up to and including fiscal 2025 for major taxing jurisdictions. As of May 31, 2025 and 2024, the $100.6 million and $86.4 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and net of federal benefit, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through fiscal 2017. Fiscal years 2018 and 2020 are currently under audit by the IRS. With limited exception, state income tax audits by taxing authorities are closed through fiscal 2021, primarily due to expiration of the statute of limitations. The Company continues to follow its policy of recognizing interest and penalties accrued on tax positions as a component of income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amount of accrued interest and penalties associated with the Company’s tax positions is immaterial to the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of interest and penalties recognized for fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023 was immaterial to the Company’s results of operations.

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