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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]  
Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Retirement and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Retirement Plans - We have a defined benefit pension plan covering certain employees and former employees, which closed to new participants in 2005. In addition, we have a supplemental executive retirement plan for the benefit of certain officers who participate in our defined benefit pension plan. Our supplemental executive retirement plan is closed to new participants. We fund our defined benefit pension plan at a level needed to maintain or exceed the minimum funding levels required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

All employees are eligible to make salary deferrals and receive company matching contributions under our 401(k) Plan, and employees that do not participate in our defined benefit pension plan are also eligible to receive quarterly and annual profit-sharing contributions under our 401(k) Plan.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans - We sponsor health and welfare plans that provide postretirement medical and life insurance benefits to employees hired prior to 2017 who retire with at least five years of full-time consecutive service. The postretirement medical plan for pre-Medicare participants is contributory, with retiree contributions adjusted periodically, and contains other cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance. The postretirement medical plan for Medicare-eligible participants is an account-based plan under which participants may elect to purchase private insurance policies under a private exchange and/or seek reimbursement of other eligible medical expenses.
Obligations and Funded Status - The following table sets forth our retirement and other postretirement benefit plans benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the periods indicated:
Retirement BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
December 31,December 31,
 2022202120222021
Change in benefit obligation
(Thousands of dollars)
Benefit obligation, beginning of period$567,011 $583,072 $51,027 $54,515 
Service cost6,808 8,314 307 421 
Interest cost17,788 16,900 1,480 1,454 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 824 1,092 
Actuarial gain(148,988)(22,792)(11,554)(2,496)
Benefits paid(19,845)(18,483)(4,461)(3,959)
Benefit obligation, end of period (a)422,774 567,011 37,623 51,027 
Change in plan assets  
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of period413,183 379,092 24,397 20,874 
Actual return on plan assets(71,705)41,374 (3,957)5,919 
Employer contributions— 11,200 — — 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 824 1,092 
Benefits paid(19,845)(18,483)(4,461)(3,488)
Fair value of plan assets, end of period (b)321,633 413,183 16,803 24,397 
Balance at December 31$(101,141)$(153,828)$(20,820)$(26,630)
Current liabilities$(5,036)$(5,219)$— $— 
Noncurrent liabilities(96,105)(148,609)(20,820)(26,630)
Balance at December 31$(101,141)$(153,828)$(20,820)$(26,630)
(a) - The benefit obligation for Retirement Benefits at December 31, 2022 and 2021, include the supplemental executive retirement plan obligation.
(b) - Fair value of plan assets for Retirement Benefits exclude the assets of our supplemental executive retirement plan, which totaled $91.8 million and $111.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets are maintained in a rabbi trust and are not treated as assets of the supplemental executive retirement plan.

The accumulated benefit obligation for our retirement plans was $408.6 million and $541.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The actuarial gains impacting our benefit obligations for our retirement and other postretirement benefit plans are due primarily to changes in the discount rate assumptions discussed in the “Actuarial Assumptions” section below.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost - The following table sets forth the components of net periodic benefit cost for our retirement and other postretirement benefit plans for the periods indicated:
Retirement BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
 202220212020202220212020
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Components of net periodic benefit cost   
Service cost$6,808 $8,314 $8,154 $307 $421 $460 
Interest cost17,788 16,900 18,318 1,480 1,454 1,771 
Expected return on plan assets(24,469)(25,109)(24,964)(1,493)(1,364)(2,894)
Amortization of prior service cost114 114 114 — — — 
Amortization of net loss13,050 19,673 18,306 1,932 3,692 5 
Net periodic benefit cost (income)$13,291 $19,892 $19,928 $2,226 $4,203 $(658)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - The following table sets forth the amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to our retirement and other postretirement benefits for the periods indicated:
Retirement BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
Years Ended December 31,Years Ended December 31,
 202220212020202220212020
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Net gain (loss) (a)$47,577 $34,529 $(31,016)$5,629 $7,052 $(21,453)
Prior service cost— — — — — — 
Amortization of prior service cost114 114 114 — — — 
Amortization of net loss13,050 19,673 18,306 1,932 3,692 5 
Deferred income taxes(13,970)(12,493)2,897 (1,739)(2,471)4,933 
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)$46,771 $41,823 $(9,699)$5,822 $8,273 $(16,515)
(a) - Other Postretirement Benefits for the year ended December 31, 2020, includes a $13.2 million tax loss incurred from the exit of an investment in an insurance contract.

The table below sets forth the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss that had not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit expense for the periods indicated:
Retirement BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
December 31,December 31,
 2022202120222021
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Prior service cost$(260)$(374)$— $— 
Accumulated loss(70,833)(131,460)(7,255)(14,815)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(71,093)(131,834)(7,255)(14,815)
Deferred income taxes22,788 36,759 2,113 3,852 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax$(48,305)$(95,075)$(5,142)$(10,963)

Actuarial Assumptions - The following table sets forth the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for retirement and other postretirement benefits for the periods indicated:
Retirement BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
December 31,December 31,
 2022202120222021
Discount rate5.75%3.25%5.75%3.00%
Compensation increase rate3.60%3.60%NANA

The following table sets forth the weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Discount rate - retirement plans3.25%3.00%3.50%
Discount rate - other postretirement plans3.00%2.75%3.50%
Expected long-term return on plan assets6.50%7.00%7.50%
Compensation increase rate3.60%3.60%3.70%

We determine our overall expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on our review of historical returns and economic growth models.

We determine our discount rates annually utilizing portfolios of high-quality bonds matched to the estimated benefit cash flows of our retirement and other postretirement benefit plans. Bonds selected to be included in the portfolios are only those rated by S&P or Moody’s as an AA or Aa2 rating or better and exclude callable bonds, bonds with less than a minimum issue size, yield outliers and other filtering criteria to remove unsuitable bonds.
Health Care Cost Trend Rates - The following table sets forth the assumed health care cost-trend rates for the periods indicated:
 20222021
Health care cost-trend rate assumed for next year7.00%6.50%
Rate to which the cost-trend rate is assumed to decline
(the ultimate trend rate)
5.00%5.00%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate20262025

Plan Assets - Our investment strategy is to invest plan assets in accordance with sound investment practices that emphasize long-term fundamentals. The goal of this strategy is to maximize investment returns while managing risk in order to meet the plan’s current and projected financial obligations. The investment allocation for our other postretirement benefit plans is to target a diversified mix of approximately 30% fixed income and 70% equity securities. The investment allocation for our defined benefit pension plan follows a glide path approach of liability-driven investing that shifts a higher portfolio weighting to fixed income as the plan’s funded status increases. The purpose of liability-driven investing is to structure the asset portfolio to more closely resemble the pension liability and thereby more effectively hedge against changes in the liability. The plan’s current investments include a diverse blend of various domestic and international equities, investments in various classes of debt securities, real estate and hedge funds. The target allocation for the assets of our retirement plan as of December 31, 2022, is as follows:
Domestic and international equities42 %
Long duration fixed income30 %
Return-seeking credit11 %
Hedge funds10 %
Real estate funds7 %
Total100 %

As part of our risk management for the plans, minimums and maximums have been set for each of the asset classes listed above.

The following tables set forth the plan assets by fair value category as of the measurement date for our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Pension Benefits
December 31, 2022
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3Subtotal
Measured at NAV (d)
Total
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Investments:    
Equity securities$40 $— $— $40 $— $40 
Common/collective trusts
Equity securities (a)— — — — 99,511 99,511 
Real estate funds— — — — 26,196 26,196 
Government obligations— — — — 57,328 57,328 
Corporate obligations (b)— — — — 101,723 101,723 
Short-term investments— — — — 5,576 5,576 
Other investments (c)— — — — 31,259 31,259 
Fair value of plan assets$40 $— $— $40 $321,593 $321,633 
(a) - This category represents securities of the respective market sector from diverse industries.
(b) - This category represents bonds from diverse industries.
(c) - This category represents alternative investments in limited partnerships, which can be redeemed with a 30-day notice with no further restrictions. There are no unfunded capital commitments. These limited partnerships invest through multi-strategy programs in broadly diversified portfolios of private investment funds, hedge funds and/or separate accounts to seek equity-like returns with low market correlation, reduced volatility and limited risk.
(d) - Plan asset investments measured at fair value using the net asset value per share.
Pension Benefits
December 31, 2021
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3Subtotal
Measured at NAV (d)
Total
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Investments:    
Equity securities$42 $— $— $42 $— $42 
Common/collective trusts
Equity securities (a)— — — — 166,132 166,132 
Real estate funds— — — — 30,491 30,491 
Government obligations— — — — 49,444 49,444 
Corporate obligations (b)— — — — 120,877 120,877 
Short-term investments— — — — 4,243 4,243 
Other investments (c)— — — — 41,954 41,954 
Fair value of plan assets$42 $— $— $42 $413,141 $413,183 
(a) - This category represents securities of the respective market sector from diverse industries.
(b) - This category represents bonds from diverse industries.
(c) - This category represents alternative investments in limited partnerships, which can be redeemed with a 30-day notice with no further restrictions. There are no unfunded capital commitments. These limited partnerships invest through multi-strategy programs in broadly diversified portfolios of private investment funds, hedge funds and/or separate accounts to seek equity-like returns with low market correlation, reduced volatility and limited risk.
(d) - Plan asset investments measured at fair value using the net asset value per share.

Other Postretirement Benefits
December 31, 2022
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Investments:    
Equity securities (a)$11,906 $— $— $11,906 
Money market funds2 761 — 763 
Municipal obligations4,134 — — 4,134 
Fair value of plan assets$16,042 $761 $— $16,803 
(a) - This category represents securities of the respective market sector from diverse industries.

Other Postretirement Benefits
December 31, 2021
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
 
(Thousands of dollars)
Investments:    
Equity securities (a)$17,953 $— $— $17,953 
Money market funds— 480 — 480 
Municipal obligations5,964 — — 5,964 
Fair value of plan assets$23,917 $480 $— $24,397 
(a) - This category represents securities of the respective market sector from diverse industries.

Contributions - During 2022, we made no contributions to our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Our defined benefit pension plan has a minimum required contribution of approximately $7 million in 2023. We expect that any contributions to our defined benefit pension plan in 2023 will be satisfied entirely through a non-cash offset against our prefunding account balance. We do not expect to make any contributions to our other postretirement benefit plans in 2023.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Payments - Benefit payments for our defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the period ending December 31, 2022, were $19.8 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefits payments expected to be paid in 2023 through 2032:
 Pension
Benefits		Other Postretirement
Benefits
Benefits to be paid in:
(Thousands of dollars)
2023$26,771 $3,293 
2024$27,746 $3,230 
2025$28,728 $3,217 
2026$29,618 $3,172 
2027$30,358 $3,092 
2028 through 2032$158,013 $14,927 

The expected benefits to be paid are based on the same assumptions used to measure our benefit obligation at December 31, 2022, and include estimated future employee service.

Other Employee Benefit Plans

401(k) Plan - We have a 401(k) Plan covering all employees, and employee contributions are discretionary. We match 100% of employee 401(k) Plan contributions up to 6% of each participant’s eligible compensation each payroll period, subject to certain limits. We also make profit-sharing contributions under our 401(k) Plan for employees who do not participate in our defined benefit pension plan. We generally make a quarterly profit-sharing contribution equal to 1% of each profit-sharing participant’s eligible compensation during the quarter and an annual discretionary profit-sharing contribution equal to a percentage of each profit-sharing participant’s eligible compensation. Our contributions made to the plan, including profit-sharing contributions, were $34.7 million, $32.7 million and $27.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan - The 2020 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan and its predecessor nonqualified deferred compensation plans (collectively, the NQDC Plan) provide a select group of management and highly compensated employees, as approved by our Chief Executive Officer, with the option to defer portions of their compensation and receive notional employer contributions that generally are not available due to limitations on employer and employee contributions to qualified defined contribution plans under federal tax laws. We have investments included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the NQDC Plan, which totaled $22.9 million and $36.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These investments are maintained in a rabbi trust. Our contributions to the plan were not material in 2022, 2021 or 2020.