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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign
Earnings (losses) before income taxes by geographical area consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
U.S.$1,015 $1,226 $1,163 
Foreign(68)(17)(82)
Total
$947 $1,209 $1,081 
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Current income tax expense:
U.S. Federal
$119 $199 $166 
U.S. State
28 44 32 
Foreign
65 58 47 
Total current
212 301 245 
Deferred income tax expense(20)13 13 
Total income tax expense$192 $314 $258 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The income tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the net deferred tax asset (liability) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
20202019
Deferred tax assets:
Inventory$14 $
Accrued expenses
93 86 
Foreign operating loss carryforwards
45 67 
Accrued employment-related benefits
37 49 
Tax credit carryforward
25 22 
Other
Deferred tax assets
222 236 
Less valuation allowance
(53)(72)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
$169 $164 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, buildings, equipment and other capital assets(145)(134)
Intangibles
(68)(83)
Other
(10)(12)
Deferred tax liabilities
(223)(229)
Net deferred tax liability$(54)$(65)
The net deferred tax asset (liability) is classified as follows:
Noncurrent assets
$14 $11 
Noncurrent liabilities (foreign)(68)(76)
Net deferred tax liability$(54)$(65)
Summary of Valuation Allowance Changes The Company's valuation allowance changed as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
20202019
Balance at beginning of period$(72)$(72)
Increases primarily related to foreign NOLs(16)(9)
Releases related to foreign NOLs— 10 
Foreign subsidiaries tax impacts due to divestiture39 — 
Other changes, net(2)— 
Increase related to U.S. foreign tax credits(2)(1)
Balance at end of period$(53)$(72)
Reconciliation of Income Tax Statutory Rate
A reconciliation of income tax expense with federal income taxes at the statutory rate follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Federal income tax$199 $254 $227 
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit33 36 32 
Clean energy credit— — (20)
Foreign rate difference23 25 20 
Foreign subsidiaries tax impacts due to divestiture(61)— 20 
Change in valuation allowance16 11 
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation(4)(2)(15)
Other - net(14)(10)(10)
Income tax expense$192 $314 $258 
Effective tax rate20.3 %26.0 %23.9 %
Reconciliation of Income Tax Contingencies The changes in the liability for tax uncertainties, excluding interest, are as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Balance at beginning of year$28 $37 $45 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year23 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(2)(1)(5)
Reductions due to statute lapse(10)(10)(9)
Settlements, audit payments, refunds - net— (2)(1)
Balance at end of year$39 $28 $37