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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Grainger completed its annual impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2024 and 2023. Based on the results of that testing, the Company did not identify any significant events or changes in circumstances that indicated the existence of impairment indicators and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts at each respective period.

High-Touch Solutions N.A. – Canada Business
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Canada business reporting unit had goodwill of $114 million and $124 million, respectively. As part of our annual impairment testing, the Company compared the current results to forecasted expectations of the most recent quantitative analysis, along with analyzing macroeconomic conditions, current industry trends and transactions, and other market data of industry peers. The Company also performed various sensitivities over key assumptions, including projections of future revenue growth and operating expenditures used in the analysis. The Company did not identify any significant events or changes in circumstances that indicated the existence of impairment indicators for its Canada business, and concluded it was more likely than not its fair value exceeded its carrying value.

The Company's balances and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows (in millions of dollars):
High-Touch Solutions N.A.Endless AssortmentTotal
Balance at December 31, 2022$313 $58 $371 
Translation2 (3)(1)
Balance at December 31, 2023315 55 370 
Translation(9)(6)(15)
Balance at December 31, 2024$306 $49 $355 

Grainger's cumulative goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2024, was $137 million. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
The balances and changes in intangible assets – net are as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
20242023
Weighted average lifeGross carrying amountAccumulated amortizationNet carrying amountGross carrying amountAccumulated amortizationNet carrying amount
Customer lists and relationships10.7 years$164 $155 $9 $166 $153 $13 
Trademarks, trade names and other14.9 years31 24 7 31 23 8 
Non-amortized trade names and otherIndefinite18 — 18 20 — 20 
Capitalized software4.3 years714 505 209 659 466 193 
Total intangible assets6.1 years$927 $684 $243 $876 $642 $234 

Amortization expense of intangible assets recorded in SG&A was $70 million, $64 million and $61 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for future periods is as follows (in millions of dollars):
Year Expense
2025$76 
202662 
202748 
202830 
20299 
Thereafter— 
Total$225