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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income Taxes by Geographical Area
Earnings before income taxes by geographical area consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
U.S.$2,265 $2,211 $1,903 
Foreign319 289 243 
Total
$2,584 $2,500 $2,146 
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
Current income tax expense:
U.S. Federal
$404 $431 $374 
U.S. State
84 100 77 
Foreign
89 81 78 
Total current
577 612 529 
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense 18 (15)
Total income tax expense$595 $597 $533 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The income tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the net deferred tax asset (liability) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses
172 177 
U.S. and foreign loss carryforwards82 84 
Accrued employment-related benefits
42 51 
Tax credit carryforward
20 22 
Other
23 30 
Deferred tax assets
339 364 
           Less valuation allowance(100)(93)
Deferred tax assets – net of valuation allowance$239 $271 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, buildings, equipment and other capital assets(216)(238)
Intangibles
(55)(58)
Inventory(16)(11)
Other
(14)(11)
Deferred tax liabilities
(301)(318)
Net deferred tax liability$(62)$(47)
The net deferred tax asset (liability) is classified as follows:
Noncurrent assets
$15 $10 
Noncurrent liabilities (foreign)(77)(57)
Net deferred tax liability$(62)$(47)
Summary of Valuation Allowance Changes
The Company's valuation allowance changed as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
20242023
Balance at beginning of period$(93)$(71)
Increases primarily related to foreign NOLs(8)(5)
Releases primarily related to foreign NOLs— 
Foreign exchange rate changes(2)
Decrease related to U.S. foreign tax credits
Increase related to capital loss carryforwards(1)(19)
Other changes – net(1)— 
Balance at end of period$(100)$(93)
Reconciliation of Income Tax Statutory Rate
A reconciliation of income tax expense with federal income taxes at the statutory rate follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
Federal income tax$543 $525 $451 
State income taxes – net of federal income tax benefit68 74 64 
Stock compensation(16)(16)(5)
Foreign rate difference33 31 26 
Change in valuation allowance(1)
Other – net(35)(23)(10)
Income tax expense$595 $597 $533 
Effective tax rate23.0 %23.9 %24.8 %
(1) Net of changes in related tax attributes.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The changes in the liability for tax uncertainties, excluding interest, are as follows (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
Balance at beginning of year$42 $41 $38 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(1)(1)— 
Reductions due to statute lapse(22)(3)(2)
Settlements, audit payments, refunds – net(1)(2)(1)
Balance at end of year$21 $42 $41