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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-15525

EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-4316614 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |

One Edwards Way
Irvine, California 92614
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(949) 250-2500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share | EW | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, $1.00 par value, as of April 22, 2020 was 206,554,751.

Table of Contents
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page Number
Part I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets | 1
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations | 2
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows | 4
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 5
| Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 32
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 33
Part II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 34
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 34
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 35
Item 6. | Exhibits | 35
Signature | 36

Table of Contents
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend the forward-looking statements contained in this report to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of such Acts. All statements other than statements of historical fact in this report or referred to or incorporated by reference into this report are "forward-looking statements" for purposes of these sections. These statements include, among other things, the expected impact of COVID-19 on our business, any predictions, opinions, expectations, plans, strategies, objectives and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing relating to the company's current and future business and operations, including, but not limited to, financial matters, development activities, clinical trials and regulatory matters, manufacturing and supply operations, and product sales and demand. These statements can sometimes be identified by the use of the forward-looking words such as "may," "believe," "will," "expect," "project," "estimate," "should," "anticipate," "plan," "goal," "continue," "seek," "pro forma," "forecast," "intend," "guidance," "optimistic," "aspire," "confident," other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof. Statements of past performance, efforts, or results about which inferences or assumptions may be made can also be forward-looking statements and are not indicative of future performance or results; these statements can be identified by the use of words such as "preliminary," "initial," diligence," "industry-leading," "compliant," "indications," or "early feedback" or other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof. These forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our results or future business, financial condition, results of operations or performance to differ materially from our historical results or experiences or those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements contained in this report. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical trial or commercial results or new product approvals and therapy adoption; unpredictability of product launches; competitive dynamics; changes to reimbursement for the company's products; the company’s success in developing new products and avoiding manufacturing and quality issues; the impact of currency exchange rates; the timing or results of research and development and clinical trials; unanticipated actions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies; unexpected litigation impacts or expenses; and other risks detailed under “Risk Factors” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as such risks and uncertainties may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statement. If we do update or correct one or more of these statements, investors and others should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections.
Unless otherwise indicated or otherwise required by the context, the terms "we," "our," "it," "its," "Company," "Edwards," and "Edwards Lifesciences" refer to Edwards Lifesciences Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Table of Contents
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value; unaudited)

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 662.9 |  |  | $ | 1,179.1 |
Short-term investments (Note 4) | 368.2 |  |  | 337.8 |
Accounts and other receivables, net of allowances of $9.0 and $8.7, respectively | 585.1 |  |  | 599.1 |
Inventories (Note 2) | 662.2 |  |  | 640.9 |
Prepaid expenses | 65.8 |  |  | 59.1 |
Other current assets | 163.7 |  |  | 168.0 |
Total current assets | 2,507.9 |  |  | 2,984.0 |
Long-term investments (Note 4) | 587.8 |  |  | 585.5 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 1,100.6 |  |  | 1,060.3 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 75.5 |  |  | 80.1 |
Goodwill | 1,166.2 |  |  | 1,167.7 |
Other intangible assets, net | 334.8 |  |  | 336.5 |
Deferred income taxes | 158.0 |  |  | 172.2 |
Other assets | 145.3 |  |  | 101.8 |
Total assets | $ | 6,076.1 |  |  | $ | 6,488.1 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 2) | $ | 722.0 |  |  | $ | 876.9 |
Operating lease liabilities | 24.9 |  |  | 25.5 |
Total current liabilities | 746.9 |  |  | 902.4 |
Long-term debt | 594.6 |  |  | 594.4 |
Contingent consideration liabilities (Note 5) | 170.3 |  |  | 172.5 |
Taxes payable | 239.3 |  |  | 236.6 |
Operating lease liabilities | 55.7 |  |  | 58.9 |
Uncertain tax positions | 175.9 |  |  | 171.7 |
Other long-term liabilities | 192.3 |  |  | 203.3 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50.0 shares, no shares outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $1.00 par value, 350.0 shares authorized, 218.5 and 218.1 shares issued, and 206.5 and 209.1 shares outstanding, respectively | 218.5 |  |  | 218.1 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,675.9 |  |  | 1,623.3 |
Retained earnings | 4,052.2 |  |  | 3,741.6 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 9) | (152.0 | ) |  | (156.0 | )
Treasury stock, at cost, 12.0 and 9.0 shares, respectively | (1,893.5 | ) |  | (1,278.7 | )
Total stockholders' equity | 3,901.1 |  |  | 4,148.3 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 6,076.1 |  |  | $ | 6,488.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share information; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales | $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |
Cost of sales | 265.1 |  |  | 231.8 |
Gross profit | 863.6 |  |  | 761.2 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 307.8 |  |  | 280.3 |
Research and development expenses | 187.4 |  |  | 171.4 |
Intellectual property litigation expenses | 12.5 |  |  | 4.6 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, net (Note 5) | (2.2 | ) |  | 6.7 |
Special charge (Note 3) | — |  |  | 24.0 |
Operating income | 358.1 |  |  | 274.2 |
Interest income, net | (4.5 | ) |  | (2.0 | )
Other income, net | (1.9 | ) |  | (1.8 | )
Income before provision for income taxes | 364.5 |  |  | 278.0 |
Provision for income taxes | 53.9 |  |  | 28.3 |
Net income | $ | 310.6 |  |  | $ | 249.7 |
Share information (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |
Diluted | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 208.2 |  |  | 207.9 |
Diluted | 211.7 |  |  | 212.2 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 310.6 |  |  | $ | 249.7 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 9): |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 2.3 |  |  | (13.1 | )
Unrealized gain on hedges | 6.6 |  |  | 7.2 |
Defined benefit pension plans | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale investments | (4.6 | ) |  | 3.3 |
Reclassification of net realized investment loss to earnings | (0.1 | ) |  | — |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 4.0 |  |  | (2.7 | )
Comprehensive income | $ | 314.6 |  |  | $ | 247.0 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 310.6 |  |  | $ | 249.7 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 24.5 |  |  | 20.6 |
Non-cash operating lease cost | 6.7 |  |  | 5.7 |
Stock-based compensation (Note 7) | 23.9 |  |  | 20.8 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, net (Note 5) | (2.2 | ) |  | 6.7 |
Deferred income taxes | 3.6 |  |  | 5.8 |
Purchase of intellectual property (Note 3) | — |  |  | 24.0 |
Other | 14.7 |  |  | (7.0 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts and other receivables, net | (4.2 | ) |  | (45.8 | )
Inventories | (35.2 | ) |  | (29.4 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (144.4 | ) |  | (242.2 | )
Income taxes | 32.2 |  |  | (16.3 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (5.7 | ) |  | 2.8 |
Other | (17.5 | ) |  | 6.1 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 207.0 |  |  | 1.5 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (82.2 | ) |  | (42.2 | )
Purchases of held-to-maturity investments (Note 4) | (112.0 | ) |  | (30.0 | )
Proceeds from held-to-maturity investments (Note 4) | 100.2 |  |  | 20.0 |
Purchases of available-for sale investments (Note 4) | (150.9 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from available-for-sale investments (Note 4) | 127.8 |  |  | 56.1 |
Investments in intangible assets (Note 3) | — |  |  | (16.8 | )
Investments in trading securities, net | 0.3 |  |  | (1.9 | )
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net (Note 4) | (1.4 | ) |  | (1.3 | )
Payment for acquisition option | — |  |  | (35.0 | )
Issuances of notes receivable | (16.6 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Other | 0.1 |  |  | 2.3 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (134.7 | ) |  | (49.5 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net | 7.9 |  |  | 3.7 |
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations | (8.2 | ) |  | (4.0 | )
Purchases of treasury stock | (614.8 | ) |  | (5.7 | )
Proceeds from stock plans | 29.1 |  |  | 45.0 |
Other | (0.4 | ) |  | 5.4 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (586.4 | ) |  | 44.4 |
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (2.1 | ) |  | (1.3 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (516.2 | ) |  | (4.9 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 1,179.1 |  |  | 714.1 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 662.9 |  |  | $ | 709.2 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
4

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EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions; unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 218.1 |  |  | $ | 218.1 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | $ | (1,278.7 | ) |  | $ | 1,623.3 |  |  | $ | 3,741.6 |  |  | $ | (156.0 | ) |  | $ | 4,148.3 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 310.6 |  |  |  |  |  | 310.6 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4.0 |
Common stock issued under equity plans | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29.1 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.9 |
Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | (614.8 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (614.8 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | $ | (1,893.5 | ) |  | $ | 1,675.9 |  |  | $ | 4,052.2 |  |  | $ | (152.0 | ) |  | $ | 3,901.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
5

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EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions; unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 215.2 |  |  | $ | 215.2 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | $ | (1,015.4 | ) |  | $ | 1,384.4 |  |  | $ | 2,694.7 |  |  | $ | (138.5 | ) |  | $ | 3,140.4 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 249.7 |  |  |  |  |  | 249.7 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  | (2.7 | )
Common stock issued under equity plans | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45.0 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.8 |
Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.7 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 216.0 |  |  | $ | 216.0 |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | $ | (1,021.1 | ) |  | $ | 1,449.4 |  |  | $ | 2,944.4 |  |  | $ | (141.2 | ) |  | $ | 3,447.5 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated condensed financial statements.
6

Table of Contents
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying interim consolidated condensed financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in Edwards Lifesciences Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates. In particular, the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact nearly all aspects of our business and markets, including our workforce and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers, and business partners. The full extent to which the pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition, including sales, expenses, manufacturing, clinical trials, research and development costs, reserves and allowances, fair value measurements, asset impairment charges, contingent consideration obligations, and the effectiveness of the Company's hedging instruments, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. These developments include, but are not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or address its impact, U.S. and foreign government actions to respond to the reduction in global economic activity, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.
In the opinion of management, the interim consolidated condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the interim periods. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an amendment to the accounting guidance on cloud computing service arrangements. The guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance also requires an entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting guidance on fair value measurements. The guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements, including the removal of disclosures of the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance also adds certain disclosure requirements related to Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the guidance on the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The amendment updates the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. Accordingly, these financial assets will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The amendment also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary-impairment model. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
7

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2. OTHER CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS
Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions
Components of selected captions in the consolidated condensed balance sheets consisted of the following (in millions):

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Inventories |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 120.2 |  |  | $ | 118.0 |
Work in process | 133.2 |  |  | 121.7 |
Finished products | 408.8 |  |  | 401.2 |
| $ | 662.2 |  |  | $ | 640.9 |

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $112.7 million and $128.7 million, respectively, of the Company's finished products inventories were held on consignment.

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 151.5 |  |  | $ | 180.4 |
Employee compensation and withholdings | 166.3 |  |  | 295.8 |
Taxes payable (Note 11) | 67.8 |  |  | 52.9 |
Property, payroll, and other taxes | 52.4 |  |  | 51.4 |
Research and development accruals | 51.0 |  |  | 51.4 |
Accrued rebates | 51.6 |  |  | 67.1 |
Fair value of derivatives | 6.6 |  |  | 6.4 |
Accrued marketing expenses | 14.0 |  |  | 17.5 |
Litigation and insurance reserves | 21.2 |  |  | 20.0 |
Accrued relocation costs | 18.1 |  |  | 17.4 |
Accrued professional services | 10.7 |  |  | 10.1 |
Accrued realignment reserves | 13.9 |  |  | 16.7 |
Other accrued liabilities | 96.9 |  |  | 89.8 |
| $ | 722.0 |  |  | $ | 876.9 |

Supplemental Cash Flow Information
(in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |
Amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | 6.1 |
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | $ | 4.5 |  |  | $ | 16.3 |
Capital expenditures accruals | $ | 33.9 |  |  | $ | 15.7 |

3. SPECIAL CHARGE
In March 2019, the Company recorded a $24.0 million charge related to the acquisition of early-stage transcatheter intellectual property and associated clinical and regulatory experience.
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4. INVESTMENTS
Debt Securities
Investments in debt securities at the end of each period were as follows (in millions):

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Held-to-maturity | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value
Bank time deposits | $ | 112.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 112.0 |  |  | $ | 100.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100.2 |
Available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank time deposits | $ | 13.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.1 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.1 |
Commercial paper | 49.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49.8 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34.3 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 112.9 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 115.8 |  |  | 113.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 113.8 |
Foreign government bonds | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Asset-backed securities | 157.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | 155.9 |  |  | 141.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 141.7 |
Corporate debt securities | 479.2 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | (5.8 | ) |  | 474.4 |  |  | 487.0 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 489.2 |
Total | $ | 813.9 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | (7.3 | ) |  | $ | 810.7 |  |  | $ | 790.5 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 793.8 |

The cost and fair value of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity, as of March 31, 2020, were as follows:

| Available-for-Sale
| Cost |  | Fair Value
| (in millions)
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 256.7 |  |  | $ | 256.2 |
Due after 1 year through 5 years | 395.1 |  |  | 393.0 |
Due after 5 years through 10 years | 3.0 |  |  | 3.1 |
Instruments not due at a single maturity date | 159.1 |  |  | 158.4 |
| $ | 813.9 |  |  | $ | 810.7 |

Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities due to call or prepayment rights.
The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in millions):

| March 31, 2020
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Asset-backed securities | $ | 116.3 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116.3 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | )
Corporate debt securities | 331.0 |  |  | (5.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 331.0 |  |  | (5.8 | )
| $ | 447.3 |  |  | $ | (7.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 447.3 |  |  | $ | (7.3 | )

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| December 31, 2019
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Asset-backed securities | $ | 73.4 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73.4 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | )
Corporate debt securities | 81.4 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81.4 |  |  | (0.1 | )
| $ | 154.8 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154.8 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | )

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
The Company has a number of equity investments in privately and publicly held companies. Investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are recorded in "Long-term Investments" on the consolidated condensed balance sheets, and are as follows:

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Equity method investments |  |  |  |  |
Cost | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | 10.7 |
Equity in losses | (5.8 | ) |  | (4.5 | )
Carrying value of equity method investments | 5.7 |  |  | 6.2 |
Equity securities |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value of non-marketable equity securities | 27.6 |  |  | 23.1 |
Total investments in unconsolidated affiliates | $ | 33.3 |  |  | $ | 29.3 |

Non-marketable equity securities consist of investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values, and are reported at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The Company recorded a downward adjustment of $0.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to impairment. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had recorded accumulated upward adjustments of $2.0 million based on observable price changes, and accumulated downward adjustments of $2.6 million due to impairment and observable price changes.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the gross realized gains or losses from sales of available-for-sale investments were not material.
5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The consolidated condensed financial statements include financial instruments for which the fair market value of such instruments may differ from amounts reflected on a historical cost basis. Financial instruments of the Company consist of cash deposits, accounts and other receivables, investments, accounts payable, certain accrued liabilities, and borrowings under a revolving credit agreement. These financial instruments are held at cost, which generally approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.
Financial instruments also include notes payable. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the notes payable, based on Level 2 inputs, was $665.5 million.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company prioritizes the inputs used to determine fair values in one of the following three categories:
Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
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In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes the Company's financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

March 31, 2020 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 14.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15.6 |
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank time deposits | — |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.1 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 474.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 474.4 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 155.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 155.9 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 59.6 |  |  | 56.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 115.8 |
Foreign government bonds | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 49.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 49.8 |
Investments held for deferred compensation plans | 76.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76.5 |
Derivatives | — |  |  | 70.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 70.7 |
| $ | 137.2 |  |  | $ | 836.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 973.5 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.6 |
Deferred compensation plans | 76.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76.5 |
Contingent consideration liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170.3 |  |  | 170.3 |
| $ | 76.5 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | 170.3 |  |  | $ | 253.4 |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 31.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32.4 |
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank time deposits | — |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.1 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 489.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 489.2 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 141.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 141.7 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 76.1 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 113.8 |
Foreign government bonds | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 34.3 |
Investments held for deferred compensation plans | 88.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88.9 |
Derivatives | — |  |  | 30.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 30.7 |
| $ | 165.7 |  |  | $ | 780.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 945.8 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.4 |
Deferred compensation plans | 88.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88.7 |
Contingent consideration liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172.5 |  |  | 172.5 |
| $ | 88.7 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 172.5 |  |  | $ | 267.6 |

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 172.5 |  |  | $ | 178.6 |
Changes in fair value |  | (2.2 | ) |  | 6.7 |
Balance at March 31 |  | $ | 170.3 |  |  | $ | 185.3 |

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Cash Equivalents and Available-for-sale Investments
The Company estimates the fair values of its money market funds based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company estimates the fair values of its time deposits, commercial paper, U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, municipal securities, asset-backed securities, and corporate debt securities by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services use industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades and broker-dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, benchmark yields, credit spreads, prepayment and default projections based on historical data, and other observable inputs. The Company independently reviews and validates the pricing received from the third-party pricing service by comparing the prices to prices reported by a secondary pricing source. The Company’s validation procedures have not resulted in an adjustment to the pricing received from the pricing service.
Deferred Compensation Plans
The Company holds investments in trading securities related to its deferred compensation plans. The investments are in a variety of stock and bond mutual funds. The fair values of these investments and the corresponding liabilities are based on quoted market prices.
Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward exchange contracts and cross currency swap contracts to manage foreign currency exposures. All derivatives contracts are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. The fair value of the derivative financial instruments was estimated based on quoted market foreign exchange rates and market discount rates. Judgment was employed in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value; accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions or valuation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Contingent Consideration Liabilities
Certain of the Company's acquisitions involve contingent consideration arrangements. Payment of additional consideration is contingent upon the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, such as attaining specified revenue levels or obtaining regulatory approvals. These contingent consideration liabilities are measured at estimated fair value using either a probability weighted discounted cash flow analysis or a Monte Carlo simulation model, both of which consider significant unobservable inputs. These inputs include (1) the discount rate used to present value the projected cash flows (ranging from 0.0% to 9.4%; weighted average of 3.2%), (2) the probability of milestone achievement (ranging from 1.3% to 99.6%; weighted average of 72.9%), (3) the projected payment dates (ranging from 2022 to 2026; weighted average of 2025), and (4) the volatility of future revenue (ranging from 37.0% to 40.0%; weighted average of 38.9%). The weighted average of each of the above inputs was determined based on the relative fair value of each obligation. The use of different assumptions could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate and foreign currency risks, as summarized below. It is the Company's policy not to enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Notional amounts are stated in United States dollar equivalents at spot exchange rates at the respective dates.

| Notional Amount
| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts | $ | 1,410.4 |  |  | $ | 1,336.5 |
Cross currency swap contracts | 300.0 |  |  | 300.0 |

Derivative financial instruments involve credit risk in the event the counterparty should default. It is the Company's policy to execute such instruments with global financial institutions that the Company believes to be creditworthy. The Company diversifies its derivative financial instruments among counterparties to minimize exposure to any one of these
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entities. The Company also uses International Swap Dealers Association master-netting agreements. The master-netting agreements provide for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default, as defined by the agreements.
The Company uses foreign currency forward exchange contracts and cross currency swap contracts to manage its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates from (a) future cash flows associated with intercompany transactions and certain local currency expenses expected to occur within the next 13 months (designated as cash flow hedges), (b) its net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries (designated as net investment hedges) and (c) foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities (designated as fair value hedges). The Company also uses foreign currency forward exchange contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to offset the transaction gains and losses associated with certain assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies (resulting principally from intercompany and local currency transactions).
All derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value in the consolidated condensed balance sheets. For each derivative instrument that is designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recognized immediately to earnings, and offsets the loss or gain on the underlying hedged item. The Company reports in "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss" the gain or loss on derivative financial instruments that are designated, and that qualify, as cash flow hedges. The Company reclassifies these gains and losses into earnings in the same line item and in the same period in which the underlying hedged transactions affect earnings. Changes in the fair value of net investment hedges are reported in "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss" as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment and would be reclassified into earnings if the underlying net investment is sold or substantially liquidated. The portion of the change in fair value related to components excluded from the hedge effectiveness assessment are amortized into earnings over the life of the derivative. The gains and losses on derivative financial instruments for which the Company does not elect hedge accounting treatment are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in each period based upon the change in the fair value of the derivative financial instrument. Cash flows from net investment hedges are reported as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows, and cash flows from all other derivative financial instruments are reported as operating activities.
The following table presents the location and fair value amounts of derivative instruments reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets (in millions):

|  |  |  | Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 22.2 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other assets |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |
Cross currency swap contracts |  | Other assets |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |

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The following table presents the effect of master-netting agreements and rights of offset on the consolidated condensed balance sheets (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |
|  |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |  |  |
|  |  | Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |
March 31, 2020 | Gross Amounts |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Received |  | Net Amount
Derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 26.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26.1 |  |  | $ | (6.6 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19.5 |
Cross currency swap contracts | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44.6 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | (6.6 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 17.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17.4 |  |  | $ | (5.7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11.7 |
Cross currency swap contracts | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.3 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | (5.7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.7 |

The following tables present the effect of derivative and non-derivative hedging instruments on the consolidated condensed statements of operations and consolidated condensed statements of comprehensive income (in millions):

|  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative |  |  |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | 17.5 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 7.6 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |

|  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative |  |  |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net investment hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross currency swap contracts |  | $ | 31.3 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | Interest income, net |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |

The cross currency swaps have an expiration date of June 15, 2028. At maturity of the cross currency swap contracts, the Company will deliver the notional amount of €257.2 million and will receive $300.0 million from the counterparties. The Company will receive semi-annual interest payments from the counterparties based on a fixed interest rate until maturity of the agreements.
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|  |  |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative |
Fair value hedges |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other income, net |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | (0.9 | )

|  |  |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other income, net |  | $ | 8.6 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | )

The following tables present the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in millions):

| Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Cost of sales |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | Interest expense (income), net |  | Other Income, net
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated condensed statements of operations in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded | $ | (265.1 | ) |  | $ | (307.8 | ) |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | $ | 1.9 |
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7 | )
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on an amortization approach | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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| Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Cost of sales |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | Other Income, net
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the consolidated condensed statements of operations in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded | $ | (231.8 | ) |  | $ | (280.3 | ) |  | $ | 1.8 |
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8 | )
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on an amortization approach | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | $ | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |

The Company expects that during the next twelve months it will reclassify to earnings a $8.9 million gain currently recorded in "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss."
7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation expense related to awards issued under the Company's incentive compensation plans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cost of sales | $ | 4.6 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 14.4 |  |  | 12.7 |
Research and development expenses | 4.9 |  |  | 4.1 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 23.9 |  |  | $ | 20.8 |

At March 31, 2020, the total remaining compensation cost related to nonvested stock options, restricted stock units, market-based restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units, and employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") subscription awards amounted to $119.1 million, which will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 28 months.
Fair Value Disclosures
The following table includes the weighted-average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the periods indicated and the related weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model:

Option Awards | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Average risk-free interest rate | 1.4 | % |  | 2.5 | %
Expected dividend yield | None |  |  | None |
Expected volatility | 29.7 | % |  | 29.2 | %
Expected term (years) | 5.2 |  |  | 5.2 |
Fair value, per option | $ | 68.36 |  |  | $ | 54.03 |

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The following table includes the weighted-average grant-date fair values for ESPP subscriptions granted during the periods indicated and the related weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model:

ESPP | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Average risk-free interest rate | 1.6 | % |  | 2.4 | %
Expected dividend yield | None |  |  | None |
Expected volatility | 31.9 | % |  | 25.3 | %
Expected term (years) | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Fair value, per share | $ | 47.14 |  |  | $ | 48.83 |

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
On January 28, 2019, Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. and Evalve, Inc., both subsidiaries of Abbott Laboratories (collectively "Abbott"), filed a lawsuit against Edwards Lifesciences Corporation and Edwards Lifesciences, LLC, (“Edwards”) in the Federal District Court in the District of Delaware alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes certain claims of Abbott’s U.S. Patent Nos. 7,288,097, 6,752,813, 7,563,267, 7,736,388, and 8,057,493, and seeking unspecified monetary damages and preliminary and permanent injunctive relief. Thereafter, Abbott sought a preliminary injunction and a temporary restraining order and the court denied these requests. Subsequently, Abbott dropped the 8,057,493 patent from the lawsuit. Trial was scheduled for May 6, 2020, but that date has been continued to a future date to be determined by the court.
On January 28, 2019, Abbott and its Abbott Medical UK Limited subsidiary (inclusively and collectively also "Abbott”) filed a lawsuit in the United Kingdom in the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, Patents Court, against Edwards Lifesciences Limited, alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes certain claims of Abbott’s UK national patents arising from EP 1 624 810 B1 (the " ‘810 patent") and EP 1 408 850 B1 (the “ ‘850 patent”). Abbott requested a preliminary injunction and the High Court denied this request. On March 12, 2020, the High Court ruled in favor of Abbott and Edwards will appeal.
On January 28, 2019, Abbott Medical GmbH (inclusively and collectively also "Abbott”) filed a lawsuit in the District Court in Düsseldorf, Germany against Edwards Lifesciences Corporation and its German subsidiary, Edwards Lifesciences Services GmbH, alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes certain claims of Abbott’s German national patents arising from the ‘810 and ‘850 European patents. The District Court has rescheduled the trial for the '810 patent from March 19, 2020 to July 14, 2020, which is the same trial date as that for the '850 patent. On March 15, 2019, Edwards filed a lawsuit in the German Patent Court in Munich, Germany, alleging that Abbott’s ‘850 patent is invalid. The Abbott ‘810 patent is subject to opposition proceedings at the European Patent Office, where a first instance opposition panel determined that the '810 patent was valid with amendment. Edwards has appealed.
On January 28, 2019, Abbott and Abbott Medical AG (inclusively and collectively also "Abbott”) filed a lawsuit in the Federal Patent Court in St. Gallen, Switzerland against Edwards Lifesciences AG, Edwards Lifesciences Technology Sàrl, Edwards Lifesciences IPRM AG, and Mitral Valve Technologies Sàrl, alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes Abbott’s Swiss national patents arising from the same European patents. The court subsequently denied Abbott’s request on the ‘810 patent and granted Abbott's request for a preliminary injunction on the '850 patent, which Edwards appealed. The appellate court declined to reverse the preliminary injunction grant. The Federal Patent Court has scheduled the trial on the merits for April 2021.
On January 28, 2019, Abbott Cardiovascular System Inc., Abbott Medical Italia S.p.A and Evalve Inc. (inclusively and collectively also "Abbott”) filed a lawsuit in the Civil Court of Milan, Italy against Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, Edwards Lifesciences LLC, and Edwards Lifesciences Italia SpA, alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes Abbott’s Italian national patent arising from its ‘850 European patent. The lawsuit seeks a preliminary injunction. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in all of the above matters with Abbott.
On February 22, 2019, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation and Edwards Lifesciences, LLC filed a lawsuit against Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. in the Federal District Court in the Central District of California alleging that Abbott's MITRACLIP device infringes Edwards’ U.S. Patent Nos. 6,719,767, 7,011,669, and 8,062,313 related to heart implant technology and seeking unspecified monetary damages. A trial date has not yet been scheduled.
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On February 14, 2020, Abbott and its Abbott Medical Ireland Limited subsidiary (inclusively and collectively also "Abbott”) filed a lawsuit in The Commercial High Court of Dublin, Ireland, against Edwards and Edwards Lifesciences Ireland Limited alleging that the Edwards PASCAL heart valve repair system infringes certain claims of Abbott’s Irish national patent arising from the ‘810 patent. A trial date has been scheduled for January 12, 2021. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in this matter.
Because the ultimate outcome of the above matters involve judgments, estimates, and inherent uncertainties, charges related to such matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial results. The Company records accruals for loss contingencies to the extent it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the related loss can be reasonably estimated. Where a loss is reasonably possible (including potential losses in excess of the amounts accrued by the Company), the Company will disclose a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss or range of possible losses with respect to the loss contingency (including potential losses in excess of the amounts accrued by the Company), unless the Company is not able to reasonably estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible losses. With respect to the matters above, the Company is not able to estimate the amount or range of any loss for these matters.
In addition, the Company is or may be a party to, or may otherwise be responsible for, pending or threatened lawsuits including those related to products and services currently or formerly manufactured or performed, as applicable, by the Company, workplace and employment matters or governmental investigations (the "Other Lawsuits"). The Other Lawsuits raise difficult and complex factual and legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the facts and circumstances of each particular case or claim, the jurisdiction in which each suit is brought, and differences in applicable law. Management does not believe that any loss relating to the Other Lawsuits would have a material adverse effect on the Company's overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, the resolution of one or more of the Other Lawsuits in any reporting period, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial results for that period. The Company is not able to estimate the amount or range of any loss for legal contingencies related to the Other Lawsuits for which there is no reserve or additional loss for matters already reserved.
The Company is subject to various environmental laws and regulations both within and outside of the United States. The Company's operations, like those of other medical device companies, involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily in manufacturing and sterilization processes. While it is difficult to quantify the potential impact of continuing compliance with environmental protection laws, management believes that such compliance will not have a material impact on the Company's financial results.
9. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table is a summary of activity for each component of "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss" for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in millions):

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Unrealized Gain on Hedges |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-sale Investments |  | Unrealized Pension Costs |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
December 31, 2019 | $ | (154.8 | ) |  | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | (15.4 | ) |  | $ | (156.0 | )
Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications | 11.6 |  |  | 19.0 |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 24.1 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1.7 | ) |  | (8.6 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10.4 | )
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit | (7.6 | ) |  | (3.8 | ) |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | (9.7 | )
March 31, 2020 | $ | (152.5 | ) |  | $ | 19.1 |  |  | $ | (3.0 | ) |  | $ | (15.6 | ) |  | $ | (152.0 | )

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The following table provides information about amounts reclassified from "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss" (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| Affected Line on Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | Other income, net
| (0.4 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | Provision for income taxes
| $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | Net of tax
Gain on hedges | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 7.6 |  |  | Cost of sales
| 0.8 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses
| 1.7 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | Other income, net
| 8.6 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | Total before tax
| (1.9 | ) |  | (2.0 | ) |  | Provision for income taxes
| $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | Net of tax
Gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Other income, net
| (0.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | Provision for income taxes
| $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | Net of tax

10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during a period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted-average common shares outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period calculated using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include employee equity share options, nonvested shares, and similar equity instruments granted by the Company. Potential common share equivalents have been excluded where their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
The table below presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions, except for per share information):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Basic: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 310.6 |  |  | $ | 249.7 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | 208.2 |  |  | 207.9 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 310.6 |  |  | $ | 249.7 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | 208.2 |  |  | 207.9 |
Dilutive effect of stock plans | 3.5 |  |  | 4.3 |
Dilutive weighted-average shares outstanding | 211.7 |  |  | 212.2 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |

Stock options, restricted stock units, and market-based restricted stock units to purchase 0.7 million and 0.2 million shares for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were outstanding, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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11. INCOME TAXES
The Company's effective income tax rates were 14.8% and 10.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective rates for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to (1) the tax benefit from employee share-based compensation, (2) foreign earnings taxed at lower rates, and (3) Federal and California research and development credits. The effective rates include a tax benefit from employee share-based compensation of $10.3 million and $19.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company strives to resolve open matters with each tax authority at the examination level and could reach agreement with a tax authority at any time. While the Company has accrued for matters it believes are more likely than not to require settlement, the final outcome with a tax authority may result in a tax liability that is more or less than that reflected in the consolidated condensed financial statements. Furthermore, the Company may later decide to challenge any assessments, if made, and may exercise its right to appeal. The uncertain tax positions are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as events occur that affect potential liabilities for additional taxes, such as lapsing of applicable statutes of limitations, proposed assessments by tax authorities, negotiations between tax authorities, identification of new issues, and issuance of new legislation, regulations, or case law.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the gross liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was $211.9 million and $203.1 million, respectively. The Company estimates that these liabilities would be reduced by $57.0 million and $50.1 million, respectively, from offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of potential transfer pricing adjustments, state income taxes, and timing adjustments. The net amounts of $154.9 million and $153.0 million, respectively, if not required, would favorably affect the Company's effective tax rate.
The Internal Revenue Service began its examination of the 2015 and 2016 tax years during the fourth quarter of 2018 and its examination of the 2017 tax year during the first quarter of 2019. As of March 31, 2020, all material state, local, and foreign income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2010.
During 2018, the Company executed an Advance Pricing Agreement ("APA") between the United States and Switzerland governments for tax years 2009 through 2020 covering various transfer pricing matters. Certain intercompany transactions covering tax years 2015 through 2020 were not resolved and those related tax positions remain uncertain. These transfer pricing matters may be significant to the Company's consolidated condensed financial statements. Based upon the information currently available and numerous possible outcomes, the Company cannot reasonably estimate what, if any, changes in its existing uncertain tax positions may occur in the next 12 months and, therefore, has recorded the gross uncertain tax positions as a long-term liability.
In addition, the Company executed other APAs as follows: during 2017, an APA between the United States and Japan covering tax years 2015 through 2019; and during 2018, APAs between Japan and Singapore and between Switzerland and Japan covering tax years 2015 through 2019. The Company has filed or intends to file to renew these APAs for the years 2020 and forward. The execution of some or all of these APAs depends on a number of variables outside of the Company's control.
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12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Edwards Lifesciences conducts operations worldwide and is managed in the following geographical regions: United States, Europe, Japan, and Rest of World. All regions sell products that are used to treat advanced cardiovascular disease.
The Company's geographic segments are reported based on the financial information provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the Chief Executive Officer). The Company evaluates the performance of its geographic segments based on net sales and income before provision for income taxes ("pre-tax income"). The accounting policies of the segments are substantially the same as those described in Note 2 of the Company's consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Segment net sales and segment pre-tax income are based on internally derived standard foreign exchange rates, which may differ from year to year, and do not include inter-segment profits. Because of the interdependence of the reportable segments, the operating profit as presented may not be representative of the geographical distribution that would occur if the segments were not interdependent. Net sales by geographic area are based on the location of the customer.
Certain items are maintained at the corporate level and are not allocated to the segments. The non-allocated items include net interest expense, global marketing expenses, corporate research and development expenses, manufacturing variances, corporate headquarters costs, special gains and charges, stock-based compensation, foreign currency hedging activities, certain litigation costs, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, and most of the Company's amortization expense. Although most of the Company's depreciation expense is included in segment pre-tax income, due to the Company's methodology for cost build-up, it is impractical to determine the amount of depreciation expense included in each segment, and, therefore, a portion is maintained at the corporate level. The Company neither discretely allocates assets to its operating segments, nor evaluates the operating segments using discrete asset information.
The table below presents information about Edwards Lifesciences' reportable segments (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Segment Net Sales |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 667.4 |  |  | $ | 562.8 |
Europe | 247.5 |  |  | 227.3 |
Japan | 109.8 |  |  | 99.2 |
Rest of World | 104.4 |  |  | 96.8 |
Total segment net sales | $ | 1,129.1 |  |  | $ | 986.1 |
Segment Operating Income |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 464.8 |  |  | $ | 383.3 |
Europe | 128.0 |  |  | 119.4 |
Japan | 71.7 |  |  | 61.0 |
Rest of World | 34.9 |  |  | 30.8 |
Total segment operating income | $ | 699.4 |  |  | $ | 594.5 |

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The table below presents reconciliations of segment net sales to consolidated net sales and segment operating income to consolidated pre-tax income (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net Sales Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |
Segment net sales | $ | 1,129.1 |  |  | $ | 986.1 |
Foreign currency | (0.4 | ) |  | 6.9 |
Consolidated net sales | $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |
Pre-tax Income Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |
Segment operating income | $ | 699.4 |  |  | $ | 594.5 |
Unallocated amounts: |  |  |  |  |
Corporate items | (340.7 | ) |  | (299.8 | )
Special charge (Note 3) | — |  |  | (24.0 | )
Intellectual property litigation expenses | (12.5 | ) |  | (4.6 | )
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, net | 2.2 |  |  | (6.7 | )
Foreign currency | 9.7 |  |  | 14.8 |
Consolidated operating income | 358.1 |  |  | 274.2 |
Non-operating income | 6.4 |  |  | 3.8 |
Consolidated pre-tax income | $ | 364.5 |  |  | $ | 278.0 |

Enterprise-wide Information
Enterprise-wide information is based on actual foreign exchange rates used in the Company's consolidated condensed financial statements.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Net Sales by Geographic Area |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 667.4 |  |  | $ | 562.8 |
Europe | 249.3 |  |  | 234.7 |
Japan | 110.0 |  |  | 98.4 |
Rest of World | 102.0 |  |  | 97.1 |
| $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |
Net Sales by Major Product and Service Area |  |  |  |  |
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement | $ | 742.2 |  |  | $ | 597.7 |
Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Therapies | 10.5 |  |  | 4.3 |
Surgical Structural Heart | 193.4 |  |  | 214.7 |
Critical Care | 182.6 |  |  | 176.3 |
| $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Long-lived Tangible Assets by Geographic Area |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 919.6 |  |  | $ | 849.1 |
Europe | 117.0 |  |  | 101.5 |
Japan | 21.0 |  |  | 21.7 |
Rest of World | 263.8 |  |  | 269.4 |
| $ | 1,321.4 |  |  | $ | 1,241.7 |

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures we make concerning risks and other factors that may affect our business and operating results. See “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Part I, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We are the global leader in patient-focused medical innovations for structural heart disease and critical care monitoring. Driven by a passion to help patients, we partner with the world's leading clinicians and researchers and invest in research and development to transform care for those impacted by structural heart disease or who require hemodynamic monitoring during surgery or intensive care. We conduct operations worldwide and are managed in the following geographical regions: United States, Europe, Japan, and Rest of World. Our products are categorized into the following main areas: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ("TAVR"), Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Therapies ("TMTT"), Surgical Structural Heart ("Surgical"), and Critical Care.
Financial Highlights and COVID-19
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the Coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") as a pandemic. COVID-19 continues to spread throughout the United States and other countries across the world, and the duration and severity of its effects are currently unknown. The global pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact nearly all aspects of our business and markets, including our workforce and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers, and business partners. Our priority has been to support our clinician partners, protect the well-being of our employees, and maintain continuous access to our life-saving technologies while offering front-line in-hospital support. Our manufacturing operations have responded to impacts related to COVID-19, and we have been able to supply our technologies around the world. Across the organization, we are proactively managing inventory, assessing alternative logistics options, and closely monitoring the supply of components.
TAVR and Surgical procedure volumes in March 2020 varied greatly by geography, and even by hospital, as patients and their physicians analyzed the trade-off between aortic stenosis and their concern for COVID-19. In the last few weeks of the first quarter of 2020, procedure volumes related to our TAVR and Surgical products dropped significantly. In Critical Care, there was greater demand in Europe for our pressure monitoring products, while demand for other Critical Care products began to decrease at the end of the first quarter of 2020 due to COVID-19.
Despite the challenges associated with COVID-19, our net sales for the first quarter of 2020 were $1.1 billion, representing an increase of $135.7 million over the first quarter of 2019. Our sales growth was driven by our TAVR products, primarily increased sales of the Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra valve.
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The increase from the prior year period in our diluted earnings per share was primarily driven by the aforementioned sales growth. In addition, the first quarter of 2019 includes the $24 million acquisition of early-stage transcatheter intellectual property for our transcatheter structural heart programs.
We are closely monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business and geographies, including its impact on our customers, employees, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels. The extent to which the COVID-19 global pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict; these developments include, but are not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or address its impact, U.S. and foreign government actions to respond to the reduction in global economic activity, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts on our financial condition and results of operations. For more information on the risks associated with COVID-19, refer to Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" herein.
Healthcare Environment, Opportunities, and Challenges
The medical technology industry is highly competitive and continues to evolve. Our success is measured both by the development of innovative products and the value we bring to our stakeholders. We are committed to developing new technologies and providing innovative patient care, and we are committed to defending our intellectual property in support of those developments. In the first three months of 2020, we invested 16.6% of our net sales in research and development.
New Accounting Standards
For information on new accounting standards, see Note 1 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements."
Results of Operations
Net Sales Trends
(dollars in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
|  |  | Percent Change
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change |
United States | $ | 667.4 |  |  | $ | 562.8 |  |  | $ | 104.6 |  |  | 18.6 | %
Europe | 249.3 |  |  | 234.7 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Japan | 110.0 |  |  | 98.4 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 11.8 | %
Rest of World | 102.0 |  |  | 97.1 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 5.3 | %
International | 461.3 |  |  | 430.2 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 7.2 | %
Total net sales | $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |  |  | $ | 135.7 |  |  | 13.7 | %

International net sales include the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on net sales is not necessarily indicative of the impact on net income due to the corresponding effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on international manufacturing and operating costs, and our hedging activities.
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Net Sales by Product Group
(dollars in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
|  |  | Percent Change
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change |
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement | $ | 742.2 |  |  | $ | 597.7 |  |  | $ | 144.5 |  |  | 24.2 | %
Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Therapies | 10.5 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | NM |
Surgical Structural Heart | 193.4 |  |  | 214.7 |  |  | (21.3 | ) |  | (9.9 | )%
Critical Care | 182.6 |  |  | 176.3 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 3.6 | %
Total net sales | $ | 1,128.7 |  |  | $ | 993.0 |  |  | $ | 135.7 |  |  | 13.7 | %

NM - Not meaningful
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Net sales of TAVR products increased for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due primarily to:

• | higher sales of the Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra System following its regulatory approval in the United States (December 2018) and in Europe (November 2018); and

• | higher sales of the Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve, particularly in the United States, driven by strong therapy adoption;

Our global TAVR sales growth through early March 2020 was consistent with our fourth quarter 2019 global growth rate. During the last few weeks of the first quarter of 2020, procedures dropped significantly as the result of COVID-19 disruptions. TAVR procedure volumes in March 2020 varied greatly by geography and by hospital, as patients and their physicians analyzed the trade-off between aortic stenosis and their concern for COVID-19.
The launch of the Edwards SAPIEN 3 Ultra System continued to be very positive in the first quarter of 2020. However, to ensure the safety of our employees and clinician partners from the threat of COVID-19, we have decided to pause proctoring at centers that are not already trained on the device.
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Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Therapies
Net sales of TMTT products increased for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due primarily to sales of the Edwards PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system in Europe, which received CE Mark in February 2019.
At the end of March 2020, we temporarily paused new enrollments in our active pivotal clinical trials of transcatheter mitral and tricuspid therapies in response to the COVID-19 response around the globe. We are coordinating closely with the trials' clinical investigators, and the decision to resume enrollments in the trials will be made in consultation with each investigator and hospital at the time when their clinicians' and patients' needs can be better served.
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Surgical Structural Heart
Net sales of Surgical products decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due primarily to decreased sales of aortic tissue valves, primarily in the United States and Europe, as customers have converted to TAVR. In addition, there was a deceleration in sales of all of our surgical products in the last few weeks of March 2020 related to COVID-19. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales of the INSPIRIS RESILIA aortic valve, primarily in the United States.
In Europe, our HARPOON Beating Heart Mitral Valve Repair System became available commercially at the end of 2019, and we plan to expand the launch as the COVID-19 environment stabilizes. In addition, we received United States Food and Drug Administration approval in April 2020 to begin our U.S. pivotal IDE study. HARPOON offers the potential for earlier treatment of degenerative mitral valve disease, with faster recovery and more consistent outcomes for surgical patients.
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Critical Care
The increase in net sales of Critical Care products was driven by our core hemodynamic products, primarily pressure monitoring devices in Europe. On April 18, 2019, we completed the acquisition of CAS Medical Systems, Inc. ("CASMED"). CASMED is a medical technology company dedicated to non-invasive monitoring of tissue oxygenation in the brain. Our sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included $5.7 million related to CASMED.
Demand for our enhanced surgical recovery products began to fall significantly in the last few weeks of the first quarter of 2020 as many surgical procedures were delayed due to COVID-19. We have also seen some delay in orders of our HemoSphere advanced monitoring platform in the United States as hospitals limit their capital spending as they focus on COVID-19.
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Gross Profit
The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was driven primarily by (1) a 0.3 percentage point decrease due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, including the settlement of foreign currency hedging contracts, (2) increased inventory reserves, and (3) European Medical Device Regulations costs. These decreases were partially offset by a 0.7 percentage point increase due to an improved product mix in the United States, driven by TAVR products.
Selling, General, and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses
The increase in SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was due primarily to higher transcatheter structural heart field personnel-related costs, primarily in the United States and Europe. These increases were partially offset by the impact of foreign currency, which decreased expenses by $2.9 million primarily due to the strengthening of the United States dollar against multiple currencies, primarily the Euro. The decrease in SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales was primarily due to leverage from our higher sales performance, primarily TAVR sales in the United States.
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Research and Development ("R&D") Expenses
The increase in R&D expenses and ratio as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was due primarily to continued investments in our transcatheter mitral and tricuspid therapies.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Liabilities, net
The change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities resulted in income of $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and expense of $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The changes in fair value were primarily driven by credit spread assumptions (which increased during the first quarter of 2020), partially offset by discount rates (which decreased significantly in the first quarter of 2020) and the accretion of interest due to the passage of time. The changes to the credit spread and discount rate assumptions were primarily due to COVID-19. For further information, see Note 5 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements."
Special Charge
For information on special charges, see Note 3 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements."
Other Income, net
(in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign exchange gains, net | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | (2.0 | )
Loss on investments | 1.8 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Other income, net | $ | (1.9 | ) |  | $ | (1.8 | )

The net foreign exchange gains relate primarily to the foreign currency fluctuations in our global trade and intercompany receivable and payable balances, offset by the gains and losses on derivative instruments intended as an economic hedge of those exposures.
The loss on investments primarily represents our net share of gains and losses in investments accounted for under the equity method, and realized gains and losses on investments in equity securities.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. We operate in an international environment with significant operations in various locations outside the United States, which have statutory tax
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rates typically lower than the United States tax rate. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the earnings in the various locations and the applicable rates.
Our effective income tax rate was 14.8% and 10.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective rates for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to (1) the tax benefit from employee share-based compensation, (2) foreign earnings taxed at lower rates, and (3) Federal and California research and development credits.
We strive to resolve open matters with each tax authority at the examination level and could reach agreement with a tax authority at any time. While we have accrued for matters we believe are more likely than not to require settlement, the final outcome with a tax authority may result in a tax liability that is more or less than that reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we may later decide to challenge any assessments, if made, and may exercise our right to appeal. The uncertain tax positions are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as events occur that affect potential liabilities for additional taxes, such as lapsing of applicable statutes of limitations, proposed assessments by tax authorities, negotiations between tax authorities, identification of new issues, and issuance of new legislation, regulations, or case law. We believe that adequate amounts of tax and related penalty and interest have been provided in income tax expense for any adjustments that may result from our uncertain tax positions. For further information, see Note 11 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements."
The Internal Revenue Service began its examination of the 2015 and 2016 tax years during the fourth quarter of 2018 and its examination of the 2017 tax year during the first quarter of 2019. At March 31, 2020, all material state, local, and foreign income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2010.
During 2018, we executed an Advance Pricing Agreement ("APA") between the United States and Switzerland governments for tax years 2009 through 2020 covering various transfer pricing matters. Certain intercompany transactions covering tax years 2015 through 2020 were not resolved and those related tax positions remain uncertain. These transfer pricing matters may be significant to our consolidated financial statements. Based upon the information currently available and numerous possible outcomes, we cannot reasonably estimate what, if any, changes in our existing uncertain tax positions may occur in the next 12 months and, therefore, have recorded the gross uncertain tax positions as a longterm liability.
In addition, we executed other APAs as follows: during 2017, an APA between the United States and Japan covering tax years 2015 through 2019; and during 2018, APAs between Japan and Singapore and between Switzerland and Japan covering tax years 2015 through 2019. We have filed or intend to file to renew these APAs for the years 2020 and forward. The execution of some or all of these APAs depends on a number of variables outside of the Company's control.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our sources of cash liquidity include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, amounts available under credit facilities, and cash from operations. We believe that these sources are sufficient to fund the current requirements of working capital, capital expenditures, and other financial commitments for the next twelve months. However, we periodically consider various financing alternatives and may, from time to time, seek to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions.
As of March 31, 2020, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held in the United States and outside the United States were $566.9 million and $464.2 million, respectively.
In April 2018, we entered into a Five-Year Credit Agreement ("the Credit Agreement") which matures on April 28, 2023. The Credit Agreement provides up to an aggregate of $750.0 million in borrowings in multiple currencies. Subject to certain terms and conditions, we may increase the amount available under the Credit Agreement by up to an additional $250.0 million in the aggregate. As of March 31, 2020, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
In June 2018, we issued $600.0 million of 4.300% fixed-rate unsecured senior notes (the "2018 Notes") due June 15, 2028. As of March 31, 2020, the total carrying value of the 2018 Notes was $594.6 million.
From time to time, we repurchase shares of our common stock under share repurchase programs authorized by the Board of Directors. We consider several factors in determining when to execute share repurchases, including, among other things, expected dilution from stock plans, cash capacity, and the market price of our common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, under the Board authorized program, we repurchased a total of 3.0 million shares at an aggregate cost of $614.7 million, and as of March 31, 2020, we had remaining authority to purchase $625.0 million of our common stock.
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Certain of our business acquisitions involve contingent consideration arrangements. Payment of additional consideration in the future may be required, contingent upon the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, such as attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets, or obtaining regulatory approvals. For further information, see Note 5 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements."
At March 31, 2020, there had been no material changes in our significant contractual obligations and commercial commitments as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Consolidated Cash Flows - For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
Net cash flows provided by operating activities of $207.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $205.5 million over the same period last year due primarily to (1) a payment of $180.0 million in 2019 for a litigation settlement and (2) improved operating performance in 2020, partially offset by higher working capital needs in 2020.
Net cash used in investing activities of $134.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of (1) capital expenditures of $82.2 million and (2) net purchases of investments of $36.0 million.
Net cash used in investing activities of $49.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted primarily of (1) capital expenditures of $42.2 million, (2) a $35.0 million payment for an option to acquire a company, and (3) a $16.8 million payment to acquire certain early-stage transcatheter intellectual property and associated clinical and regulatory experience, partially offset by net proceeds from investments of $42.9 million.
Net cash used in financing activities of $586.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of purchases of treasury stock of $614.7 million, partially offset by proceeds from stock plans of $29.1 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $44.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted primarily of proceeds from stock plans of $45.0 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated condensed financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Information with respect to our critical accounting policies and estimates which we believe could have the most significant effect on our reported results and require subjective or complex judgments by management is contained on pages 38-41 in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes from the information discussed therein.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk, Foreign Currency Risk, Credit Risk, and Concentrations of Risk
For a complete discussion of our exposure to interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, credit risk, and concentrations of risk, refer to Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" on pages 42-44 of our Annual Report on
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Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes from the information discussed therein.
Investment Risk
We are exposed to investment risks related to changes in the underlying financial condition and credit capacity of certain of our investments. As of March 31, 2020, we had $922.7 million of investments in fixed-rate debt securities of various companies, of which $554.5 million were long-term. In addition, we had $33.3 million of investments in equity instruments of public and private companies. Should these companies experience a decline in financial performance, financial condition, or credit capacity, or fail to meet certain development milestones, including as a result of the impact of COVID-19 on their business or operations or otherwise, a decline in the investments' value may occur, resulting in unrealized or realized losses.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2020. Based on their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded as of March 31, 2020 that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and effective in providing reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Please see Note 8 to the "Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
A description of the risk factors associated with our business is contained in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to our Risk Factors as previously reported, except for the addition of the Risk Factor below.
We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19").
We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including the global health concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. The global pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact nearly all aspects of our business and markets, including our workforce and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners. In particular, we may experience material financial or operational impacts, including:

• | Significant volatility or reductions in demand for our products;

• | Impact on our clinical trial operations, which can in turn impact our pipeline milestones, regulatory clearances and approvals or expanded indications for use;

• | Delays in obtaining regulatory clearances and approvals to market our products;

• | The failure of third parties on which we rely to meet their obligations to the Company, or significant disruptions in their ability to do so; or

• | The inability to meet our customers’ needs due to disruptions to our operations or the operations of our third-party partners, suppliers, contractors, logistics partners or customers including disruptions to production, development, manufacturing, administrative and supply operations and arrangements.

The extent to which the COVID-19 global pandemic and measures taken in response thereto impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict; these developments include, but are not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or address its impact, U.S. and foreign government actions to respond to the reduction in global economic activity, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts on our financial condition and our results of operations and many of our known risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 may be heightened.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  |  |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (a) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions) (b) |
January 1, 2020 through January 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,239.6 |  |
February 1, 2020 through February 29, 2020 |  | 1,201,161 |  |  | 228.72 |  |  | 1,200,600 |  |  | 965.0 |  |
March 1, 2020 through March 31, 2020 |  | 1,810,730 |  |  | 187.77 |  |  | 1,810,730 |  |  | 625.0 |  |
Total |  | 3,011,891 |  |  | 204.10 |  |  | 3,011,330 |  |  |  |

(a) | The difference between the total number of shares (or units) purchased and the total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs is due to shares withheld by us to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units issued to employees.

(b) | On May 8, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us to purchase on the open market, including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan and in privately negotiated transactions, up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index (following the signature page of this report) are filed, furnished, or incorporated by reference as part of this report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit No. |  | Description |
31.1 |  |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | April 28, 2020 | By: | /s/ SCOTT B. ULLEM
|  |  | Scott B. Ullem Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | April 28, 2020 | By: | /s/ ROBERT W.A. SELLERS
|  |  | Robert W.A. Sellers Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

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