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Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (All Registrants) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (All Registrants) | Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (All Registrants) Fair Value of Financial Liabilities Recorded at the Carrying Amount The following tables present the carrying amounts and fair values of the Registrants’ short-term liabilities, long-term debt, SNF obligation, and trust preferred securities (long-term debt to financing trusts or junior subordinated debentures) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: Exelon
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 714 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 35,424 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,711 |  |  | 2,158 |  |  | 35,869 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts(b) | 390 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |
SNF obligation | 1,171 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 929 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 34,264 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,735 |  |  | 1,970 |  |  | 36,705 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts(b) | 389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |  |  | 431 |
SNF obligation | 1,147 |  |  | — |  |  | 936 |  |  | — |  |  | 936 |
Generation
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 8,793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,467 |  |  | $ | 1,443 |  |  | $ | 8,910 |
SNF obligation | 1,171 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 8,990 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,839 |  |  | 1,673 |  |  | 9,512 |
SNF obligation | 1,147 |  |  | — |  |  | 936 |  |  | — |  |  | 936 |
ComEd
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 8,101 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,390 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,390 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts(b) | 205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | 209 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 7,601 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,418 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,418 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts(b) | 205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 227 |  |  | 227 |
PECO
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 3,084 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,157 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 3,207 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts | 184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191 |  |  | 191 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 2,903 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,194 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,194 |
Long-term debt to financing trusts | 184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |  |  | 204 |
BGE
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 2,876 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,950 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 77 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 2,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,825 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,825 |
PHI
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 6,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,436 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 6,101 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 5,874 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,722 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 6,019 |
Pepco
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 2,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 3,097 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 2,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,114 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3,123 |
DPL
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | $ | 1,494 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,303 |  |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 1,496 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 1,300 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,393 |
ACE
| December 31, 2018
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 1,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 987 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 1,262 |
| December 31, 2017
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Short-term liabilities | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108 |
Long-term debt (including amounts due within one year)(a) | 1,121 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 1,237 |
__________ (a) Includes unamortized debt issuance costs which are not fair valued of $216 million, $51 million, $63 million, $23 million, $18 million, $14 million, $34 million, $12 million and $7 million for Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE respectively, as of December 31, 2018. Includes unamortized debt issuance costs which are not fair valued of $201 million, $60 million, $52 million, $17 million, $17 million, $6 million, $32 million, $11 million and $5 million for Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE respectively, as of December 31, 2017. (b) Includes unamortized debt issuance costs which are not fair valued of $0 million and $1 million for Exelon and ComEd, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. Includes unamortized debt issuance costs which are not fair valued of $1 million and $1 million for Exelon and ComEd, respectively, as of December 31, 2017. Short-Term Liabilities. The short-term liabilities included in the tables above are comprised of dividends payable (included in Other current liabilities) (Level 1) and short-term borrowings (Level 2). The Registrants’ carrying amounts of the short-term liabilities are representative of fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Long-Term Debt. The fair value amounts of Exelon’s taxable debt securities (Level 2) and private placement taxable debt securities (Level 3) are determined by a valuation model that is based on a conventional discounted cash flow methodology and utilizes assumptions of current market pricing curves. In order to incorporate the credit risk of the Registrants into the discount rates, Exelon obtains pricing (i.e., U.S. Treasury rate plus credit spread) based on trades of existing Exelon debt securities as well as debt securities of other issuers in the utility sector with similar credit ratings in both the primary and secondary market, across the Registrants’ debt maturity spectrum. The credit spreads of various tenors obtained from this information are added to the appropriate benchmark U.S. Treasury rates in order to determine the current market yields for the various tenors. The yields are then converted into discount rates of various tenors that are used for discounting the respective cash flows of the same tenor for each bond or note. Due to low trading volume of private placement debt, qualitative factors such as market conditions, low volume of investors and investor demand, this debt is classified as Level 3. The fair value of Generation’s and Pepco's non-government-backed fixed rate nonrecourse debt (Level 3) is based on market and quoted prices for its own and other nonrecourse debt with similar risk profiles. Given the low trading volume in the nonrecourse debt market, the price quotes used to determine fair value will reflect certain qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, new developments that might significantly impact the project cash flows or off-taker credit, and other circumstances related to the project (e.g., political and regulatory environment). The fair value of Generation’s government-backed fixed rate project financing debt (Level 3) is largely based on a discounted cash flow methodology that is similar to the taxable debt securities methodology described above. Due to the lack of market trading data on similar debt, the discount rates are derived based on the original loan interest rate spread to the applicable Treasury rate as well as a current market curve derived from government-backed securities. Variable rate financing debt resets on a monthly or quarterly basis and the carrying value approximates fair value (Level 2). When trading data is available on variable rate financing debt, the fair value is based on market and quoted prices for its own and other nonrecourse debt with similar risk profiles (Level 2). Generation, Pepco, DPL and ACE also have tax-exempt debt (Level 2). Due to low trading volume in this market, qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, and circumstances related to the issuer (e.g., conduit issuer political and regulatory environment), may be incorporated into the credit spreads that are used to obtain the fair value as described above. Variable rate tax-exempt debt (Level 2) resets on a regular basis and the carrying value approximates fair value. SNF Obligation. The carrying amount of Generation’s SNF obligation (Level 2) is derived from a contract with the DOE to provide for disposal of SNF from Generation’s nuclear generating stations. When determining the fair value of the obligation, the future carrying amount of the SNF obligation is calculated by compounding the current book value of the SNF obligation at the 13-week Treasury rate. The compounded obligation amount is discounted back to present value using Generation’s discount rate, which is calculated using the same methodology as described above for the taxable debt securities, and an estimated maturity date of 2030. The carrying amount also includes $119 million and $114 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 for the one-time fee obligation associated with closing of the FitzPatrick acquisition on March 31, 2017. The fair value was determined using a similar methodology, however the New York Power Authority's (NYPA) discount rate is used in place of Generation's given the contractual right to reimbursement from NYPA for the obligation; see Note 5 - Mergers, Acquisitions and Dispositions for additional information on Generation's acquisition of FitzPatrick. Long-Term Debt to Financing Trusts. Exelon’s long-term debt to financing trusts is valued based on publicly traded securities issued by the financing trusts. Due to low trading volume of these securities, qualitative factors, such as market conditions, investor demand, and circumstances related to each issue, this debt is classified as Level 3. Recurring Fair Value Measurements Exelon records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with the hierarchy established by the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:
• | Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Registrants have the ability to liquidate as of the reporting date.
• | Level 2 — inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.
• | Level 3 — unobservable inputs, such as internally developed pricing models or third-party valuations for the asset or liability due to little or no market activity for the asset or liability.
Generation and Exelon In accordance with the applicable guidance on fair value measurement, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share as a practical expedient are no longer classified within the fair value hierarchy and are included under "Not subject to leveling" in the table below. The following tables present assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value in Exelon's and Generation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2018 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | 1,243 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,243 |
NDT fund investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(b) | 252 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338 |
Equities | 2,918 |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 5,890 |  |  | 2,918 |  |  | 1,591 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 5,890 |
Fixed income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt | — |  |  | 1,593 |  |  | 230 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,823 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,593 |  |  | 230 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,823 |
U.S. Treasury and agencies | 2,081 |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,180 |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,180 |
Foreign governments | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
State and municipal debt | — |  |  | 149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 149 |  |  | — |  |  | 149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 149 |
Other(c) | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 846 |  |  | 876 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 846 |  |  | 876 |
Fixed income subtotal | 2,081 |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 846 |  |  | 5,078 |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 846 |  |  | 5,078 |
Middle market lending | — |  |  | — |  |  | 313 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 680 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 313 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 680 |
Private equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | 329 |
Real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | 510 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | 510 |
NDT fund investments subtotal(d) | 5,251 |  |  | 3,598 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 3,433 |  |  | 12,825 |  |  | 5,251 |  |  | 3,598 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 3,433 |  |  | 12,825 |
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2018 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Equities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Middle market lending | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning subtotal | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Mutual funds | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |
Fixed income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(f) | 29 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 243 |
Commodity derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedges | 541 |  |  | 2,760 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,771 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 2,760 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,771 |
Proprietary trading | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(e) | (582 | ) |  | (2,357 | ) |  | (732 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,671 | ) |  | (582 | ) |  | (2,357 | ) |  | (732 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,671 | )
Commodity derivative assets subtotal | (41 | ) |  | 472 |  |  | 815 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,246 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 472 |  |  | 815 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,246 |
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Economic hedges | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative assets subtotal | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Total assets | 5,829 |  |  | 4,102 |  |  | 1,400 |  |  | 3,433 |  |  | 14,764 |  |  | 6,582 |  |  | 4,165 |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | 3,433 |  |  | 15,618 |
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2018 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedges | (642 | ) |  | (2,963 | ) |  | (1,027 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,632 | ) |  | (642 | ) |  | (2,963 | ) |  | (1,276 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,881 | )
Proprietary trading | — |  |  | (73 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | (94 | ) |  | — |  |  | (73 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | (94 | )
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(e) | 639 |  |  | 2,581 |  |  | 808 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,028 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 2,581 |  |  | 808 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,028 |
Commodity derivative liabilities subtotal | (3 | ) |  | (455 | ) |  | (240 | ) |  | — |  |  | (698 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (455 | ) |  | (489 | ) |  | — |  |  | (947 | )
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Economic hedges | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative liabilities subtotal | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (35 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (137 | )
Total liabilities | (3 | ) |  | (493 | ) |  | (240 | ) |  | — |  |  | (736 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (599 | ) |  | (489 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,091 | )
Total net assets | $ | 5,826 |  |  | $ | 3,609 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | 3,433 |  |  | $ | 14,028 |  |  | $ | 6,579 |  |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 949 |  |  | $ | 3,433 |  |  | $ | 14,527 |
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2017 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 656 |
NDT fund investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(b) | 135 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |
Equities | 4,163 |  |  | 915 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,176 |  |  | 7,254 |  |  | 4,163 |  |  | 915 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,176 |  |  | 7,254 |
Fixed income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt | — |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,865 |
U.S. Treasury and agencies | 1,917 |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,969 |  |  | 1,917 |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,969 |
Foreign governments | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |
State and municipal debt | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 263 |
Other(c) | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | 557 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | 557 |
Fixed income subtotal | 1,917 |  |  | 2,058 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 4,736 |  |  | 1,917 |  |  | 2,058 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 4,736 |
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2017 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Middle market lending | — |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 528 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 528 |
Private equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |  |  | 222 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |  |  | 222 |
Real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 471 |  |  | 471 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 471 |  |  | 471 |
NDT fund investments subtotal(d) | 6,215 |  |  | 3,058 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 3,510 |  |  | 13,431 |  |  | 6,215 |  |  | 3,058 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 3,510 |  |  | 13,431 |
Pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Equities | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Middle market lending | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 36 |
Pledged assets for Zion Station decommissioning subtotal | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 39 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Mutual funds | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |
Fixed income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(f) | 28 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 240 |
Commodity derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedges | 557 |  |  | 2,378 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,225 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 2,378 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,225 |
Proprietary trading | 2 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(e) | (585 | ) |  | (1,769 | ) |  | (635 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,989 | ) |  | (585 | ) |  | (1,769 | ) |  | (635 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,989 | )
Commodity derivative assets subtotal | (26 | ) |  | 640 |  |  | 690 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 640 |  |  | 690 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,304 |
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Economic hedges | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | (2 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative assets subtotal | (2 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total assets | 6,385 |  |  | 3,729 |  |  | 1,387 |  |  | 3,534 |  |  | 15,035 |  |  | 6,980 |  |  | 3,793 |  |  | 1,409 |  |  | 3,534 |  |  | 15,716 |
| Generation |  | Exelon
As of December 31, 2017 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Not subject to leveling |  | Total
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Economic hedges | (712 | ) |  | (2,226 | ) |  | (845 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,783 | ) |  | (713 | ) |  | (2,226 | ) |  | (1,101 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,040 | )
Proprietary trading | (2 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (53 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (53 | )
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(e) | 650 |  |  | 2,089 |  |  | 716 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,455 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 2,089 |  |  | 716 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,456 |
Commodity derivative liabilities subtotal | (64 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (138 | ) |  | — |  |  | (381 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (394 | ) |  | — |  |  | (637 | )
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Economic hedges | (1 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | )
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative liabilities subtotal | 1 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | — |  |  | (145 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (145 | )
Total liabilities | (63 | ) |  | (222 | ) |  | (138 | ) |  | — |  |  | (423 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | (329 | ) |  | (394 | ) |  | — |  |  | (786 | )
Total net assets | $ | 6,322 |  |  | $ | 3,507 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 3,534 |  |  | $ | 14,612 |  |  | $ | 6,917 |  |  | $ | 3,464 |  |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  | $ | 3,534 |  |  | $ | 14,930 |
__________
(a) | Generation excludes cash of $283 million and $259 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and restricted cash of $39 million and $127 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Exelon excludes cash of $458 million and $389 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and restricted cash of $80 million and $145 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and includes long-term restricted cash of $185 million and $85 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, which is reported in Other deferred debits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b) | Includes $50 million and $77 million of cash received from outstanding repurchase agreements at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is offset by an obligation to repay upon settlement of the agreement as discussed in (d) below.
(c) | Includes derivative instruments of $44 million and less than $1 million, which have a total notional amount of $1,432 million and $811 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The notional principal amounts for these instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding as of the fiscal years ended and do not represent the amount of the company's exposure to credit or market loss.
(d) | Excludes net liabilities of $130 million and $82 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These items consist of receivables related to pending securities sales, interest and dividend receivables, repurchase agreement obligations, and payables related to pending securities purchases. The repurchase agreements are generally short-term in nature with durations generally of 30 days or less.
(e) | Excludes net assets of less than $1 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. These items consist of receivables related to pending securities sales, interest and dividend receivables, and payables related to pending securities purchases.
(f) | The amount of unrealized gains/(losses) at Generation totaled less than $1 million and $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount of unrealized gains/(losses) at Exelon totaled $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(g) | Collateral posted/(received) from counterparties totaled $57 million, $224 million and $76 million allocated to Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 mark-to-market derivatives, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. Collateral posted/(received) from counterparties totaled $65 million, $320 million and $81 million allocated to Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 mark-to-market derivatives, respectively, as of December 31, 2017.
(h) | Of the collateral posted/(received), $(94) million and $(117) million represents variation margin on the exchanges as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Exelon and Generation hold investments without readily determinable fair values with carrying amounts of $72 million as of December 31, 2018. Changes were immaterial in fair value, cumulative adjustments and impairments for the year ended December 31, 2018. ComEd, PECO and BGE The following tables present assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value in ComEd's, PECO's and BGE's Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| ComEd |  | PECO |  | BGE
As of December 31, 2018 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total assets | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities(c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (249 | ) |  | (249 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (249 | ) |  | (255 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Total net assets (liabilities) | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (249 | ) |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |
| ComEd |  | PECO |  | BGE
As of December 31, 2017 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total assets | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 245 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities(c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (256 | ) |  | (256 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (256 | ) |  | (264 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Total net assets (liabilities) | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (256 | ) |  | $ | (166 | ) |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
__________
(a) | ComEd excludes cash of $93 million and $45 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and restricted cash of $28 million at December 31, 2018 and includes long-term restricted cash of $166 million and $62 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which is reported in Other deferred debits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. PECO excludes cash of $24 million and $47 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. BGE excludes cash of $7 million and $17 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and restricted cash of $2 million and $1 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(b) | The amount of unrealized gains/(losses) at ComEd, PECO and BGE totaled less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(c) | The Level 3 balance consists of the current and noncurrent liability of $26 million and $223 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018, and $21 million and $235 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017, related to floating-to-fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers.
PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE The following tables present assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value in PHI's, Pepco's, DPL's and ACE's Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| As of December 31, 2018 |  |  | As of December 31, 2017
PHI | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 83 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |
Mutual Funds | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed income | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 45 |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(b) | 55 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 129 |
Total assets | 202 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 212 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25 | )
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities subtotal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25 | )
Total net assets | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 256 |  |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 187 |
| Pepco |  | DPL |  | ACE
As of December 31, 2018 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed income | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(b) | 41 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets | 79 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net assets (liabilities) | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |
| Pepco |  | DPL |  | ACE
As of December 31, 2017 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents(a) | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29 |
Rabbi trust investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed income | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Life insurance contracts | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Rabbi trust investments subtotal(b) | 44 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets | 80 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation obligation | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of netting and allocation of collateral | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mark-to-market derivative liabilities subtotal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net assets (liabilities) | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29 |
__________
(a) | PHI excludes cash of $39 million and $12 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and includes long term restricted cash of $19 million and $23 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 which is reported in Other deferred debits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Pepco excludes cash of $15 million and $4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. DPL excludes cash of $8 million and $2 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. ACE excludes cash of $7 million and $2 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and includes long-term restricted cash of $19 million and $23 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 at December 31, 2018 and 2017 which is reported in Other deferred debits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b) | The amount of unrealized gains/(losses) at PHI totaled $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The amount of unrealized gains/(losses) at Pepco totaled less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The following tables present the fair value reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| Generation |  | ComEd |  | PHI |  |  |  | Exelon
For the year ended December 31, 2018 | NDT Fund Investments |  | Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning |  | Mark-to-Market Derivatives |  | Other Investments |  | Total Generation |  | Mark-to-Market Derivatives |  | Life Insurance Contracts(c) |  | Eliminated in Consolidation |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018 | $ | 648 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | (256 | ) |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,015 |
Total realized / unrealized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105 | ) | (a) | 3 |  |  | (102 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (98 | )
Included in noncurrent payables to affiliates | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Included in payable for Zion Station decommissioning | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Included in regulatory assets/liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  | (b) | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 6 |
Change in collateral | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases | 36 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 190 |  | (e) | 4 |  |  | 231 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 231 |
Sales | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (24 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24 | )
Issuances | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements | (140 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | (135 | ) |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | (123 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) | (d) | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22 | )
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36 | ) | (d) | (2 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38 | )
Other miscellaneous | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 543 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | (249 | ) |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 949 |
The amount of total (losses) gains included in income attributed to the change in unrealized (losses) gains related to assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2018 | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163 |
| Generation |  | ComEd |  | PHI |  |  |  | Exelon
For the year ended December 31, 2017 | NDT Fund Investments |  | Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning |  | Mark-to-Market Derivatives |  | Other Investments |  | Total Generation |  | Mark-to-Market Derivatives |  | Life Insurance Contracts(c) |  | Eliminated in Consolidation |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017 | $ | 677 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | (258 | ) |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 993 |
Total realized / unrealized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in net income | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (90 | ) | (a) | 3 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (81 | )
Included in noncurrent payables to affiliates | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |
Included in payable for Zion Station decommissioning | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | )
Included in regulatory assets/liabilities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | (b) | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Change in collateral | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases | 64 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 248 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |
Sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Issuances | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Settlements | (102 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (110 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (110 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) | (d) | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50 | ) | (d) | (11 | ) |  | (61 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (61 | )
Other miscellaneous | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29 |
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | $ | 648 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 552 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | (256 | ) |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,015 |
The amount of total gains (losses) included in income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2017 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 261 |
__________
(a) | Includes a reduction for the reclassification of $265 million and $352 million of realized gains due to the settlement of derivative contracts for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(b) | Includes $24 million of decreases in fair value and an increase for realized losses due to settlements of $17 million recorded in purchased power expense associated with floating-to-fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers for the year ended December 31, 2018. Includes $18 million of decreases in fair value and an increase for realized losses due to settlements of $20 million recorded in purchased power expense associated with floating-to-fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers for the year ended December 31, 2017.
(c) | The amounts represented are life insurance contracts at Pepco.
(d) | Transfers into and out of Level 3 generally occur when the contract tenor becomes less and more observable respectively, primarily due to changes in market liquidity or assumptions for certain commodity contracts.
(e) | Includes $(19) million of fair value from contracts acquired as a result of the Everett Marine Terminal acquisition
The following tables present the income statement classification of the total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in income for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| Generation |  | PHI |  | Exelon
| Operating Revenues |  | Purchased Power and Fuel |  | Other, net |  | Operating and Maintenance |  | Operating Revenues |  | Purchased Power and Fuel |  | Operating and Maintenance |  | Other, net
Total (losses) gains included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Change in the unrealized gains relating to assets and liabilities held for the year ended December 31, 2018 | 144 |  |  | 21 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | 144 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
| Generation |  | PHI |  | Exelon
| Operating Revenues |  | Purchased Power and Fuel |  | Other, net |  | Operating and Maintenance |  | Operating Revenues |  | Purchased Power and Fuel |  | Operating and Maintenance |  | Other, net
Total gains (losses) included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Change in the unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held for the year ended December 31, 2017 | 290 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 290 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value The following describes the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of the assets and liabilities shown in the tables above. Cash Equivalents (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE). The Registrants’ cash equivalents include investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. The cash equivalents shown in the fair value tables are comprised of investments in mutual and money market funds. The fair values of the shares of these funds are based on observable market prices and, therefore, have been categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. NDT Fund Investments and Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning (Exelon and Generation). The trust fund investments have been established to satisfy Generation’s and CENG's nuclear decommissioning obligations as required by the NRC. The NDT funds hold debt and equity securities directly and indirectly through commingled funds and mutual funds, which are included in Equities and Fixed Income. Generation’s and CENG's NDT fund investments policies outline investment guidelines for the trusts and limit the trust funds’ exposures to investments in highly illiquid markets and other alternative investments. Investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased, including certain short-term fixed income securities are considered cash equivalents and included in the recurring fair value measurements hierarchy as Level 1 or Level 2. With respect to individually held equity securities, the trustees obtain prices from pricing services, whose prices are generally obtained from direct feeds from market exchanges, which Generation is able to independently corroborate. The fair values of equity securities held directly by the trust funds which are based on quoted prices in active markets are categorized in Level 1. Certain equity securities have been categorized as Level 2 because they are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information or similar securities. Equity securities held individually are primarily traded on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ-Global Select Market, which contain only actively traded securities due to the volume trading requirements imposed by these exchanges. For fixed income securities, multiple prices from pricing services are obtained whenever possible, which enables cross-provider validations in addition to checks for unusual daily movements. A primary price source is identified based on asset type, class or issue for each security. With respect to individually held fixed income securities, the trustees monitor prices supplied by pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of a given security if the portfolio managers challenge an assigned price and the trustees determine that another price source is considered to be preferable. Generation has obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived, including the nature and observability of the inputs used in deriving such prices. Additionally, Generation selectively corroborates the fair values of securities by comparison to other market-based price sources. U.S. Treasury securities are categorized as Level 1 because they trade in a highly liquid and transparent market. The fair values of fixed income securities, excluding U.S. Treasury securities, are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information or similar securities, adjusted for observable differences and are categorized in Level 2. The fair values of private placement fixed income securities, which are included in Corporate debt, are determined using a third-party valuation that contains significant unobservable inputs and are categorized in Level 3. Equity and fixed income commingled funds and mutual funds are maintained by investment companies and hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives such as holding short-term fixed income securities or tracking the performance of certain equity indices by purchasing equity securities to replicate the capitalization and characteristics of the indices. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. For mutual funds which are publicly quoted, the funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and have been categorized as Level 1. For commingled funds and mutual funds, which are not publicly quoted, the funds are valued using NAV as a practical expedient for fair value, which is primarily derived from the quoted prices in active markets on the underlying securities, and are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. These investments typically can be redeemed monthly with 30 or less days of notice and without further restrictions. Derivative instruments consisting primarily of futures and interest rate swaps to manage risk are recorded at fair value. Over the counter derivatives are valued daily based on quoted prices in active markets and trade in open markets, and have been categorized as Level 1. Derivative instruments other than over the counter derivatives are valued based on external price data of comparable securities and have been categorized as Level 2. Middle market lending are investments in loans or managed funds which lend to private companies. Generation elected the fair value option for its investments in certain limited partnerships that invest in middle market lending managed funds. The fair value of these loans is determined using a combination of valuation models including cost models, market models, and income models. Investments in loans are categorized as Level 3 because the fair value of these securities is based largely on inputs that are unobservable and utilize complex valuation models. Managed funds are valued using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient, and therefore, are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. Investments in middle market lending typically cannot be redeemed until maturity of the term loan. Private equity and real estate investments include those in limited partnerships that invest in operating companies and real estate holding companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange, such as, leveraged buyouts, growth capital, venture capital, distressed investments, investments in natural resources, and direct investments in pools of real estate properties. The fair value of private equity and real estate investments is determined using NAV or its equivalent as a practical expedient, and therefore, are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. These investments typically cannot be redeemed and are generally liquidated over a period of 8 to 10 years from the initial investment date, which is based on Exelon’s understanding of the investment funds. Private equity and real estate valuations are reported by the fund manager and are based on the valuation of the underlying investments, which include inputs such as cost, operating results, discounted future cash flows, market based comparable data, and independent appraisals from sources with professional qualifications. These valuation inputs are unobservable. As of December 31, 2018, Generation has outstanding commitments to invest in fixed income, middle market lending, private equity and real estate investments of approximately $127 million, $224 million, $326 million and $273 million, respectively. These commitments will be funded by Generation’s existing NDT funds. Concentrations of Credit Risk. Generation evaluated its NDT portfolios for the existence of significant concentrations of credit risk as of December 31, 2018. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country, and individual fund. As of December 31, 2018, there were no significant concentrations (generally defined as greater than 10 percent) of risk in Generation's NDT assets. See Note 15 — Asset Retirement Obligations for additional information on the NDT fund investments. Rabbi Trust Investments (Exelon, Generation, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE). The Rabbi trusts were established to hold assets related to deferred compensation plans existing for certain active and retired members of Exelon’s executive management and directors. The Rabbi trusts' assets are included in investments in the Registrants’ Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist primarily of money market funds, mutual funds, fixed income securities and life insurance policies. The mutual funds are maintained by investment companies and hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives, which are consistent with Exelon’s overall investment strategy. Money market funds and mutual funds are publicly quoted and have been categorized as Level 1 given the clear observability of the prices. The fair values of fixed income securities are based on evaluated prices that reflect observable market information, such as actual trade information or similar securities, adjusted for observable differences and are categorized in Level 2. The life insurance policies are valued using the cash surrender value of the policies, net of loans against those policies, which is provided by a third-party. Certain life insurance policies, which consist primarily of mutual funds that are priced based on observable market data, have been categorized as Level 2 because the life insurance policies can be liquidated at the reporting date for the value of the underlying assets. Life insurance policies that are valued using unobservable inputs have been categorized as Level 3. Mark-to-Market Derivatives (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PHI and DPL). Derivative contracts are traded in both exchange-based and non-exchange-based markets. Exchange-based derivatives that are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Certain derivatives’ pricing is verified using indicative price quotations available through brokers or over-the-counter, on-line exchanges and are categorized in Level 2. These price quotations reflect the average of the bid-ask, mid-point prices and are obtained from sources that the Registrants believe provide the most liquid market for the commodity. The price quotations are reviewed and corroborated to ensure the prices are observable and representative of an orderly transaction between market participants. This includes consideration of actual transaction volumes, market delivery points, bid-ask spreads and contract duration. The remainder of derivative contracts are valued using the Black model, an industry standard option valuation model. The Black model takes into account inputs such as contract terms, including maturity, and market parameters, including assumptions of the future prices of energy, interest rates, volatility, credit worthiness and credit spread. For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, such as generic forwards, swaps and options, model inputs are generally observable. Such instruments are categorized in Level 2. The Registrants’ derivatives are predominantly at liquid trading points. For derivatives that trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information, model inputs generally would include both observable and unobservable inputs. These valuations may include an estimated basis adjustment from an illiquid trading point to a liquid trading point for which active price quotations are available. Such instruments are categorized in Level 3. Exelon may utilize fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps as a means to achieve its targeted level of variable-rate debt as a percent of total debt. In addition, the Registrants may utilize interest rate derivatives to lock in interest rate levels in anticipation of future financings. Exelon determines the current fair value by calculating the net present value of expected payments and receipts under the swap agreement, based on and discounted by the market's expectation of future interest rates. Additional inputs to the net present value calculation may include the contract terms, counterparty credit risk and other market parameters. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate swaps are categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 12 — Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information on mark-to-market derivatives. Deferred Compensation Obligations (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE). The Registrants’ deferred compensation plans allow participants to defer certain cash compensation into a notional investment account. The Registrants include such plans in other current and noncurrent liabilities in their Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of the Registrants’ deferred compensation obligations is based on the market value of the participants’ notional investment accounts. The underlying notional investments are comprised primarily of equities, mutual funds, commingled funds and fixed income securities which are based on directly and indirectly observable market prices. Since the deferred compensation obligations themselves are not exchanged in an active market, they are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The value of certain employment agreement obligations (which are included with the Deferred Compensation Obligation in the tables above) are based on a known and certain stream of payments to be made over time and are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Additional Information Regarding Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Exelon, Generation, ComEd, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE) NDT Fund Investments and Pledged Assets for Zion Station Decommissioning (Exelon and Generation). For middle market lending and certain corporate debt securities investments, the fair value is determined using a combination of valuation models including cost models, market models and income models. The valuation estimates are based on discounting the forecasted cash flows, market-based comparable data, credit and liquidity factors, as well as other factors that may impact value. Significant judgment is required in the application of discounts or premiums applied for factors such as size, marketability, credit risk and relative performance. Because Generation relies on third-party fund managers to develop the quantitative unobservable inputs without adjustment for the valuations of its Level 3 investments, quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in valuing these investments is not reasonably available to Generation. This includes information regarding the sensitivity of the fair values to changes in the unobservable inputs. Therefore, Generation has not disclosed such inputs. Rabbi Trust Investments - Life insurance contracts (Exelon, PHI, Pepco, DPL and ACE). For life insurance policies categorized as Level 3, the fair value is determined based on the cash surrender value of the policy, which contains unobservable inputs and assumptions. Because Exelon relies on its third-party insurance provider to develop the inputs without adjustment for the valuations of its Level 3 investments, quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in valuing these investments is not reasonably available to Exelon. Therefore, Exelon has not disclosed such inputs. Mark-to-Market Derivatives (Exelon, Generation and ComEd). For valuations that include both observable and unobservable inputs, if the unobservable input is determined to be significant to the overall inputs, the entire valuation is categorized in Level 3. This includes derivatives valued using indicative price quotations whose contract tenure extends into unobservable periods. In instances where observable data is unavailable, consideration is given to the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. This includes assumptions about market risks such as liquidity, volatility and contract duration. Such instruments are categorized in Level 3 as the model inputs generally are not observable. Forward price curves for the power market utilized by the front office to manage the portfolio, are reviewed and verified by the middle office, and used for financial reporting by the back office. The Registrants consider credit and nonperformance risk in the valuation of derivative contracts categorized in Level 2 and 3, including both historical and current market data in its assessment of credit and nonperformance risk by counterparty. Due to master netting agreements and collateral posting requirements, the impacts of credit and nonperformance risk were not material to the financial statements. Disclosed below is detail surrounding the Registrants’ significant Level 3 valuations. The calculated fair value includes marketability discounts for margining provisions and other attributes. Generation’s Level 3 balance generally consists of forward sales and purchases of power and natural gas and certain transmission congestion contracts. Generation utilizes various inputs and factors including market data and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities as well as assumptions about the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. The inputs and factors include forward commodity prices, commodity price volatility, contractual volumes, delivery location, interest rates, credit quality of counterparties and credit enhancements. For commodity derivatives, the primary input to the valuation models is the forward commodity price curve for each instrument. Forward commodity price curves are derived by risk management for liquid locations and by the traders and portfolio managers for illiquid locations. All locations are reviewed and verified by risk management considering published exchange transaction prices, executed bilateral transactions, broker quotes, and other observable or public data sources. The relevant forward commodity curve used to value each of the derivatives depends on a number of factors, including commodity type, delivery location, and delivery period. Price volatility varies by commodity and location. When appropriate, Generation discounts future cash flows using risk free interest rates with adjustments to reflect the credit quality of each counterparty for assets and Generation’s own credit quality for liabilities. The level of observability of a forward commodity price varies generally due to the delivery location and delivery period. Certain delivery locations including PJM West Hub (for power) and Henry Hub (for natural gas) are more liquid and prices are observable for up to three years in the future. The observability period of volatility is generally shorter than the underlying power curve used in option valuations. The forward curve for a less liquid location is estimated by using the forward curve from the liquid location and applying a spread to represent the cost to transport the commodity to the delivery location. This spread does not typically represent a majority of the instrument’s market price. As a result, the change in fair value is closely tied to liquid market movements and not a change in the applied spread. The change in fair value associated with a change in the spread is generally immaterial. An average spread calculated across all Level 3 power and gas delivery locations is approximately $3.18 and $0.64 for power and natural gas, respectively. Many of the commodity derivatives are short term in nature and thus a majority of the fair value may be based on observable inputs even though the contract as a whole must be classified as Level 3. On December 17, 2010, ComEd entered into several 20-year floating to fixed energy swap contracts with unaffiliated suppliers for the procurement of long-term renewable energy and associated RECs. See Note 12 — Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information. The fair value of these swaps has been designated as a Level 3 valuation due to the long tenure of the positions and internal modeling assumptions. The modeling assumptions include using natural gas heat rates to project long term forward power curves adjusted by a renewable factor that incorporates time of day and seasonality factors to reflect accurate renewable energy pricing. In addition, marketability reserves are applied to the positions based on the tenor and supplier risk. The following tables present the significant inputs to the forward curve used to value these positions:
Type of trade |  | Fair Value at December 31, 2018 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
Mark-to-market derivatives—Economic hedges (Exelon and Generation)(a)(b) |  | $ | 443 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward power price |  | $12 | - | $174
|  |  |  |  |  | Forward gas price |  | $0.78 | - | $12.38
|  |  |  | Option Model |  | Volatility percentage |  | 10% | - | 277%
Mark-to-market derivatives—Proprietary trading (Exelon and Generation)(a)(b) |  | $ | 56 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward power price |  | $14 | - | $174
Mark-to-market derivatives (Exelon and ComEd) |  | $ | (249 | ) |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward heat rate(c) |  | 10x | - | 11x
|  |  |  |  |  | Marketability reserve |  | 4% | - | 8%
|  |  |  |  |  | Renewable factor |  | 86% | - | 120%
______
(a) | The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for the asset and liability positions.
(b) | The fair values do not include cash collateral posted on level three positions of $76 million as of December 31, 2018.
(c) | Quoted forward natural gas rates are utilized to project the forward power curve for the delivery of energy at specified future dates. The natural gas curve is extrapolated beyond its observable period to the end of the contract’s delivery.
Type of trade |  | Fair Value at December 31, 2017 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
Mark-to-market derivatives—Economic hedges (Exelon and Generation)(a)(b) |  | $ | 445 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward power price |  | $3 | - | $124
|  |  |  |  |  | Forward gas price |  | $1.27 | - | $12.80
|  |  |  | Option Model |  | Volatility percentage |  | 11% | - | 139%
Mark-to-market derivatives— Proprietary trading (Exelon and Generation)(a)(b) |  | $ | 26 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward power price |  | $14 | - | $94
Mark-to-market derivatives (Exelon and ComEd) |  | $ | (256 | ) |  | Discounted Cash Flow |  | Forward heat rate(c) |  | 9x | - | 10x
|  |  |  |  |  | Marketability reserve |  | 4% | - | 8%
|  |  |  |  |  | Renewable factor |  | 88% | - | 120%
__________
(a) | The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for the asset and liability positions.
(b) | The fair values do not include cash collateral posted on level three positions $81 million as of December 31, 2017.
(c) | Quoted forward natural gas rates are utilized to project the forward power curve for the delivery of energy at specified future dates. The natural gas curve is extrapolated beyond its observable period to the end of the contract’s delivery.
The inputs listed above, which are as of the balance sheet date, would have a direct impact on the fair values of the above instruments if they were adjusted. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Generation’s commodity derivatives are forward commodity prices and for options is price volatility. Increases (decreases) in the forward commodity price in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair values for long positions (contracts that give Generation the obligation or option to purchase a commodity), with offsetting impacts to short positions (contracts that give Generation the obligation or right to sell a commodity). Increases (decreases) in volatility would increase (decrease) the value for the holder of the option (writer of the option). Generally, a change in the estimate of forward commodity prices is unrelated to a change in the estimate of volatility of prices. An increase to the reserves listed above would decrease the fair value of the positions. An increase to the heat rate or renewable factors would increase the fair value accordingly. Generally, interrelationships exist between market prices of natural gas and power. As such, an increase in natural gas pricing would potentially have a similar impact on forward power markets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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