<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001214659-22-007247.txt : 20220520
<SEC-HEADER>0001214659-22-007247.hdr.sgml : 20220520
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220520093729
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001214659-22-007247
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	PX14A6G
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		1
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220520
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220520
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20220520

SUBJECT COMPANY:	

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			KROGER CO
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000056873
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RETAIL-GROCERY STORES [5411]
		IRS NUMBER:				310345740
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			OH
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0129

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		PX14A6G
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-00303
		FILM NUMBER:		22945773

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1014 VINE ST
		CITY:			CINCINNATI
		STATE:			OH
		ZIP:			45201
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5137624000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1014 VINE ST
		CITY:			CINCINNATI
		STATE:			OH
		ZIP:			45201

FILED BY:		

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Seventh Generation Interfaith Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001773705
		IRS NUMBER:				475298655
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			WI
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		PX14A6G

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1015 N. NINTH ST.
		CITY:			MILWAUKEE
		STATE:			WI
		ZIP:			53233
		BUSINESS PHONE:		708-315-0571

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1015 N. NINTH ST.
		CITY:			MILWAUKEE
		STATE:			WI
		ZIP:			53233
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>PX14A6G
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>r519220px14a6g.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Notice of Exempt Solicitation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NAME OF REGISTRANT: </B>The Kroger Company</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NAME OF PERSON RELYING ON EXEMPTION: </B>The Sisters of the Presentation
of the Blessed Virgin Mary</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>ADDRESS OF PERSON RELYING ON EXEMPTION: </B>1702 S. 7th Ave. #210,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">Sioux Falls, SD 57105</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Written materials </B>are submitted pursuant to Rule 14(a)-6(g)(1)
promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. Submission is not required of this filer under the terms of the Rule, but is
made voluntarily in the interest of public disclosure and consideration of these important issues.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Subject</B>: Exempt Solicitation on Item
No. 8 Shareholder Proposal &mdash; Report on Workforce Strategy</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white; color: blue"><B>RESOLVED</B>: Shareholders
of The Kroger Co. ask the Board of Directors to analyze and report on the risks of increasing labor market pressures to its business plan.
The report should address to what extent the Company&rsquo;s workforce strategy includes competitive wage, benefit, and safety conditions
for all its associates across all racial and gender demographics.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">The Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed
Virgin Mary and co-filers<SUP>1</SUP> (the &ldquo;Proponents&rdquo;) seek your support to vote FOR Item No. 8 on Kroger&rsquo;s proxy
card -- &ldquo;Report on Workforce Strategy&rdquo; (the &ldquo;Proposal&rdquo;) -- at the annual shareholder meeting for The Kroger Co..
(&ldquo;Kroger&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on June 24, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>The Great Resignation:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">The nation is facing record-setting financial
inequality, especially for people of color, and mounting demands for real progress on racial justice. At the same time, we are experiencing
a Great Resignation with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics<SUP>2</SUP> reporting record turnover, particularly in the restaurant and
retail industries. While Kroger is committed to diversity and inclusion<SUP>3</SUP>, the Company has an opportunity to make meaningful
progress towards its Action Plan for DEI and advancing its goal of positive impact on people and the planet by raising its wages. <SUP>4</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Kroger&rsquo;s Wage Imbalance:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Kroger employs over 420,000 full- and part-time employees<SUP>5</SUP>,
and for 86% of these workers, Kroger is their only employer. The Company&rsquo;s stated purpose is to &ldquo;feed the human spirit.&rdquo;
Their compensation strategy is to balance fair wages for their associates while keeping food affordable for its customers. But the evidence
indicates that this balance may be off. According to <I>Hungry at the Table: White Paper on Grocery Store Workers at the Kroger Company</I>,
the Company was cited as one of the top employers of medicaid and SNAP enrollees. &ldquo;Kroger provides its employees a shallow and narrow
discount of 10 percent on Kroger brand groceries, which excludes fresh produce<SUP>6</SUP>.&rdquo; A separate report found that three
quarters of its employees are food insecure which is seven times the rate of food insecurity in the general population.<SUP>7</SUP></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">_____________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>1</SUP> Sisters of St. Francis Charitable Trust</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>2</SUP> https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.a.htm</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>3</SUP> https://s1.q4cdn.com/137099145/files/doc_downloads/irw/fact_books/2020/KRO_FactBook2020_FINAL.pdf</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>4</SUP> https://www.thekrogerco.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kroger-2021-ESG-Report.pdf</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>5</SUP> https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000056873/657ebbe2-fe23-4e82-9475-5aee0116fdfd.html#KR-20220129X10K_HTM_ITEM1_905418</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>6</SUP> https://economicrt.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hungry_at_the_Table_2022.pdf</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>7</SUP> https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-01-11/2-out-of-3-kroger-workers-struggle-to-afford-food-housing-survey-finds</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 8pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 2px solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 8pt"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%"><TR><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 100%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Kroger profit gains exceeded revenue growth by 4.5 times amidst the
growing issue of food inflation and food insecurity among employees.<SUP>8</SUP> A Morgan Stanley analysis concluded &quot;real wages
systematically undershot productivity growth for most of the last two decades, and the labor share of income fell notably as a consequence.
Corporate profit margins were the prime beneficiaries of the falling labor share.&quot;<SUP>9</SUP> A Kroger executive told investors
last June, &ldquo;a little bit of inflation is always good for our business&rdquo;.<SUP>10</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Internal 2017 Study:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A leaked internal document from an internal Kroger investigation in
2017 obtained by More Perfect Union revealed that Kroger has long been aware that its workers can&rsquo;t afford basic necessities and
struggle to survive.<SUP>11</SUP> The report revealed the economic pressures on their employees. Exit interviews of Kroger associates
found pay and hours, as well as not enough flexibility in scheduling accounted for 27% of employee turnover. One former employee stated:
&ldquo;A pay increase that&rsquo;s more than 25 cents a year, inflation is driving costs up and pay scale isn't keeping up. People 10
years with the company on food stamps doesn&rsquo;t seem right.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In response to this investigation, Kroger invested in higher wages
for its employees resulting in an average hourly wage increase from $13.66 to $17 over the past four years. However, the Company does
not disclose starting wages, wage demographics, number of employees on government subsidies or employee turnover statistics for investors
to understand the impact of the Company&rsquo;s corrective actions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Wages and Racial Equity:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Wage increases are the most direct route to more racially equitable
pay practices. Recent research by two professors at the University of California, Berkeley, found that &ldquo;Congress&rsquo;s decision
in 1966 to both raise the minimum wage and expand it to workers in previously unprotected industries led to a significant drop in earnings
inequality between Black and white Americans &mdash; and explains more than 20 percent of the overall reduction in succeeding years.&rdquo;<SUP>12</SUP>
Yet despite these advances, pay inequity remains a significant issue. According to new research released by Oxfam, half of all women of
color earn under $15 per hour versus a quarter of all men.<SUP>13</SUP> And while 26% of White workers earn less than $15 an hour, 46%
of Hispanic/Latinx workers and 47% of Black workers earn less than $15 per hour. It would be helpful for investors to have wage demographics
for Kroger employees to fully evaluate potential risks associated with their approach to human capital management.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">_____________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>8</SUP> https://www.forbes.com/sites/errolschweizer/2022/05/10/how-windfall-profits-have-supercharged-food-inflation/?sh=28b39fee6672</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>9</SUP> https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inflation-corporate-profits-record/</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>10</SUP> https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>11</SUP> https://perfectunion.us/exclusive-kroger-memo-workers-poverty/</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>12</SUP> https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/25/opinion/minimum-wage-race-protests.html</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>13</SUP> https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/22/perspectives/oxfam-federal-minimum-wage/index.html</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 8pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 2px solid"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><TD STYLE="width: 33%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 34%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 8pt"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%"><TR><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 100%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">There has been significant attention to this issue from the media as
well putting Kroger in a negative light, especially after ending its &ldquo;hero-pay&rdquo; two months into the pandemic.<SUP>14</SUP>
Employee unions, which represent the majority of Kroger associates, have also gone on strike demanding higher wages and benefits<SUP>15</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Higher Wages Are Good For Business:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Addressing employee wages and social factors which affect associates
is not only the right thing to do; it is smart for business. Research shows that financial insecurity leads to poor attendance, poor health,
high turnover and operational problems that undermine sales and profits.<SUP>16</SUP> Research has also found that financial precarity
lowers workers&rsquo; cognitive capacity<SUP>17</SUP> -- poverty actually interferes with task performance<SUP>18</SUP> -- and low wages
reduce job satisfaction.<SUP>19</SUP> MIT&rsquo;s Ton explains that low wage worker &ldquo;[p]erformance suffers as it is harder to keep
up good attendance, focus on the job, be productive, and do your best for customers or coworkers.&rdquo;<SUP>20</SUP> In turn, she says,
&ldquo;[p]oor attendance and high turnover lead to operational problems that undermine sales and profits.&rdquo; <SUP>21</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The investment community recognizes the importance of human capital
management. Blackrock's CEO Larry Fink stated in his annual letter to CEO's: &ldquo;Workers demanding more from their employers is an
essential feature of effective capitalism&hellip;Companies that deliver are reaping the rewards. Our research shows that companies who
forged strong bonds with their employees have seen lower levels of turnover and higher returns through the pandemic.&rdquo;<SUP>22</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The report requested by the Proponents would help Kroger leadership
understand the economic realities facing the Company&rsquo;s hourly frontline associates. Katie Bach and Zeynep Ton of the Good Jobs Institute
report that company leaders are often unaware of employment-related data, including that fewer than one-third of their workers employed
full time earn a living wage, as well as the real-life implications of workers&rsquo; financial precarity.<SUP>23</SUP> Reporting would
also provide investors and other stakeholders with information they need to evaluate Kroger&rsquo;s performance on this pressing social
issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">For all of the above reasons, we urge shareholders
to vote FOR Proposal #8 requesting Kroger to analyze and report the risks of increasing labor market pressures to its business plan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">For more information on the Proposal, please contact Natalie Wasek,
Seventh Generation Interfaith Inc. at wasek.natalie@gmail.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">_____________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>14</SUP> https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/12/business/kroger-grocery-stores-workers-pay.html</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>15</SUP> https://www.forbes.com/sites/errolschweizer/2022/01/12/why-are-denver-kroger-workers-on-strike/?sh=532ce0119570</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>16</SUP> https://hbr.org/2020/08/equality-in-the-u-s-starts-with-better-jobs</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>17</SUP> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320616355_The_Price_of_Financial_Precarity_Organizational_Costs_of_Employees'_Financial_Concerns</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>18</SUP> https://journals.lww.com/joem/fulltext/2016/05000/low_wages_as_occupational_health_hazards.3.aspx</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>19</SUP> https://journals.lww.com/joem/fulltext/2016/05000/low_wages_as_occupational_health_hazards.3.aspx</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>20</SUP> https://hbr.org/2020/08/equality-in-the-u-s-starts-with-better-jobs</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>21</SUP> https://hbr.org/2020/08/equality-in-the-u-s-starts-with-better-jobs</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>22</SUP> https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/investor-relations/larry-fink-ceo-letter</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>23</SUP> https://hbr.org/amp/2019/11/why-so-many-ceos-dont-realize-theyve-got-a-bad-jobs-problem</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2px solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
