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Brumadinho dam failure - Financial guarantees (Details) - Brumadinho event - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Provisions. |  |
Financial guarantees | $ 1,124 | $ 1,396
Expenses related to financial guarantees | $ 7 | $ 9

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- Definition Line items represent concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes of the table. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_DisclosureOfOtherProvisionsLineItems
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of expenses related to additional guarantees. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_AdditionalGuaranteesAgreedUponExpense
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of additional guarantees presented in court and used to release judicial deposits. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_AdditionalGuaranteesAgreedUponLegalMattersPresentedInCourt
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Details
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Namespace Prefix: |
Data Type: | na
Balance Type: |
Period Type: |