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Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ 4,531 | $ (2,180) | $ 6,896
Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to income statement |  |  |
Translation adjustments | (9,160) | (1,677) | (6,762)
Retirement benefit obligations | (88) | (126) | 41
Fair value adjustment to investment in equity securities | 101 | (184) | 60
Transfer to reserve |  |  | (16)
Total items that will not be subsequently reclassified to income statement, net of tax | (9,147) | (1,987) | (6,677)
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to income statement |  |  |
Translation adjustment | 4,203 | 1,111 | 3,899
Net investments hedge | (578) | (74) | (543)
Cash flow hedge | (105) | 102 |
Transfer of realized results to net income | 135 |  | (78)
Total of items that may be subsequently reclassified to income statement, net of tax | 3,655 | 1,139 | 3,278
Total comprehensive income (loss) | (961) | (3,028) | 3,497
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (318) | (512) | (84)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Vale's stockholders | (643) | (2,516) | 3,581
From continuing operations | (643) | (2,516) | 3,589
From discontinued operations |  |  | (8)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Vale's stockholders | $ (643) | $ (2,516) | $ 3,581

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