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Financial and capital risk management - Freight derivative positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | $ (34) | $ (324) | $ (67)

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- Definition Line items represent concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes of the table. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_DisclosureOfFinancialInstrumentsLineItems
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of cash inflow (outflow) from settlement of derivatives. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_DerivativesSettlementCashOutflowInflow
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration