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Employee benefits - Overfunded pension plans - Measurement of assets at fair value (Details) - Overfunded pension plans - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | $ 6,814 |
Assets as at end of the year | 5,166 | $ 6,814
Level 3 |  |
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | 638 | 673
Return on plan assets | 38 | 35
Assets purchases | 129 | 53
Assets sold during the year | (170) | (96)
Translation adjustment | (143) | (27)
Assets as at end of the year | 491 | 638
Level 3 | Private equity funds |  |
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | 157 | 159
Return on plan assets | 18 | 8
Assets purchases | 1 | 1
Assets sold during the year | (15) | (4)
Translation adjustment | (35) | (7)
Assets as at end of the year | 126 | 157
Level 3 | Real estate funds |  |
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | 17 | 15
Return on plan assets | (8) |
Assets purchases | 1 | 2
Translation adjustment | (4) |
Assets as at end of the year | 5 | 17
Level 3 | Real estate |  |
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | 323 | 339
Return on plan assets | 9 | 8
Assets purchases | 10 | 4
Assets sold during the year | (14) | (13)
Translation adjustment | (72) | (15)
Assets as at end of the year | 255 | 323
Level 3 | Loans to participants |  |
Measurement of plan assets |  |
Assets as at beginning of the year | 141 | 160
Return on plan assets | 19 | 19
Assets purchases | 117 | 46
Assets sold during the year | (141) | (79)
Translation adjustment | (32) | (5)
Assets as at end of the year | $ 104 | $ 141

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- Definition The gains (losses) excluding exchange differences, recognised in profit or loss, on the fair value measurement of assets. [Refer: At fair value [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IFRS -Number 13 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 93 -Subparagraph e -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=13&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_93_e_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The increase in the fair value measurement of assets resulting from purchases of those assets. [Refer: At fair value [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 13 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 93 -Subparagraph e -Clause iii -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=13&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_93_e_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The decrease in the fair value measurement of assets resulting from sales. [Refer: At fair value [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 13 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 93 -Subparagraph e -Clause iii -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=13&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_93_e_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The fair value of defined benefit plan assets, including funds not related to risk plans. + References No definition available. + Details
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