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Income taxes - Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
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Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | $ 8,565 | $ 7,335 | $ (5,376)
Tax losses carryforward |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 4,328 | 4,659 |
Employee post retirement obligations |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 744 | 840 |
Provision For litigation |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 356 | 443 |
Timing differences arising on assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 4,331 | 3,246 |
Fair value of financial instruments |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 1,355 | 864 |
Allocated goodwill |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | (2,623) | (2,640) |
Goodwill amortization |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | (442) | (478) |
Others |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | 516 | 401 |
Temporary differences |  |  |
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax asset (liability) | $ 4,237 | $ 2,676 |

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- Definition The amount of deferred tax liabilities or assets. [Refer: Deferred tax liabilities; Deferred tax assets] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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