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Acquisitions and divestitures - Results of discontinued operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Discontinued operations |  |  |
Net operating revenue | $ 40,018 | $ 37,570 | $ 36,696
Financial results, net | (4,811) | (3,413) | (4,957)
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ 4,969 | $ (2,775) | 6,816
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (92)
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vale's stockholders |  |  | (92)
Discontinued operations |  |  |
Discontinued operations |  |  |
Net operating revenue |  |  | 121
Cost of goods sold and services rendered |  |  | (120)
Operating expenses |  |  | (4)
Impairment |  |  | (124)
Operating loss |  |  | (127)
Financial results, net |  |  | (5)
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (132)
Income taxes |  |  | 40
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (92)
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vale's stockholders |  |  | $ (92)

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