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Financial and capital risk management - Brent Crude Oil and Gasoil purchase cash flows protection program (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) oz $ / T $ / R$ $ / oz T bbl | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) T bbl | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | $ (34) | $ (324) | $ (67)
Call options - Nickel Revenue Hedging - Bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (ton) | T | 58,620 | 75,984 |
Average strike per ton | $ / T | 17,664 |  |
Fair value of assets | $ (46) | $ (12) |
Value at risk | 10 |  |
Call options - Nickel Revenue Hedging - Bought | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ (46) |  |
Put options - Nickel Revenue Hedging - Bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (ton) | T | 58,620 | 75,984 |
Average strike per ton | $ / T | 15,000 |  |
Fair value of assets | $ 28 | $ 162 |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | 292 |  |
Value at risk | 6 |  |
Put options - Nickel Revenue Hedging - Bought | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | 28 |  |
Cash flow hedge (Nickel and Palladium) |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of assets | (18) | $ 150 |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | 292 |  |
Value at risk | 16 |  |
Cash flow hedge (Nickel and Palladium) | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ (18) |  |
Forwards contract - Bunker Oil - bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (bbl) | bbl | (1,625) | 1,050 |
Average strike per ton | $ / R$ | 11,893 |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ 4 |  |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | (2) |  |
Value at risk | 1 |  |
Forwards contract - Bunker Oil - bought | 2021+ |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ 4 |  |
Call options - Bunker Oil -bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (bbl) | bbl | (13,746,945) | 7,048,500 |
Average strike per ton | $ / R$ | 55 |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ 92 | $ 11 |
Value at risk | 11 |  |
Call options - Bunker Oil -bought | 2021+ |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ 92 |  |
Put options - Bunker Oil - sold |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (bbl) | bbl | (13,746,945) | 7,048,500 |
Average strike per ton | $ / R$ | 28 |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ (12) | $ (3) |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | (68) |  |
Value at risk | 1 |  |
Put options - Bunker Oil - sold | 2021+ |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | (12) |  |
Brent crude oil purchase cash flows protection program |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of assets | (1) |  |
Brent crude oil purchase cash flows protection program | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | (1) |  |
Palladium Forwards |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | $ 3 |  |
Call options - Brent Crude Oil -bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (t oz) | oz | 7,200 |  |
Average strike per barrel | $ / oz | 2,347 |  |
Fair value of assets | $ (1) |  |
Call options - Brent Crude Oil -bought | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ (1) |  |
Put options - Brent Crude Oil - sold |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (t oz) | oz | 7,200 |  |
Average strike per barrel | $ / oz | 2,050 |  |
Call options - Gasoil -bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (bbl) | bbl |  | 7,710,750 |
Fair value of liabilities |  | $ 7 |
Put options - Gasoil -sold |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Notional amount (bbl) | bbl |  | 7,710,750 |
Fair value of liabilities |  | $ (3) |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | $ (137) |  |
Call options- WPM - Bought |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities |  | 26 |
Financial settlement inflows (outflows) | 25 |  |
Call Option -SPE - Brought [Member] |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | 18 | $ 24 |
Value at risk | 2 |  |
Call Option -SPE - Brought [Member] | 2021+ |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | 18 |  |
EUR fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | (7) |  |
Value at risk | 1 |  |
EUR fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap | 2021 |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments. |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities | $ (1) |  |

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