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Commitments - Contractual obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Commitments |  |
Purchase obligations | $ 6,991 | $ 5,510
Purchase energy | 2,945 | 3,567
Total minimum payments required | $ 9,936 | $ 9,077

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- References No definition available. + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_CapitalCommitmentsAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of contractual obligation, including but not limited to, long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations, and other commitments. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_ContractualObligationPaymentsDue
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | credit
Period Type: | instant

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- Definition The amounts represents the purchase energy. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_PurchaseEnergyPayments
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | credit
Period Type: | instant

X
- Definition The minimum amount of purchase arrangement in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services from a supplier. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_PurchaseObligationPaymentsDue
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | credit
Period Type: | instant