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Participative stockholders' debentures (Details) $ in Millions, R$ in Billions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 BRL (R$) shares | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares | Dec. 31, 2019 BRL (R$) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Participative stockholders' debentures |  |  |  |
Number of debentures issued | 388,559,056 | 388,559,056 |  |
Remuneration paid to the participative stockholders debentures | R$ 1 | $ 183 | R$ 776 | $ 194

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- Definition The number of debentures issued by the entity. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_DebenturesIssued
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:sharesItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | instant

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- Definition N/A + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_ParticipativeStockholdersDebenturesAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The cash outflow for remuneration paid to the participative stockholders debentures. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_RemunerationPaidToParticipativeStockHoldersDebentures
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | credit
Period Type: | duration