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Information by business segment and by geographic area - Adjusted EBITDA reconciled to net income (loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Information by business segment and by geographic area |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's stockholders | $ 4,881 | $ (1,683) | $ 6,952
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (350) | (497) | 36
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | 4,531 | (2,180) | 6,988
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vale's stockholders |  |  | (92)
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (92)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 3,234 | 3,726 | 3,351
Income taxes | 438 | (595) | (172)
Financial results, net | 4,811 | 3,413 | 4,957
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 1,063 | 681 | 182
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 268 | 466 | 388
Impairment and disposal of non-current assets | 2,243 | 5,074 | 899
Adjusted EBITDA | $ 16,588 | $ 10,585 | 16,593
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinuing operations |  |  | 16,590
Discontinued operations |  |  |
Information by business segment and by geographic area |  |  |
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Vale's stockholders |  |  | (92)
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (92)
Income taxes |  |  | (40)
Financial results, net |  |  | 5
Impairment of non-current assets |  |  | 124
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinuing operations |  |  | $ (3)

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