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Stockholders' equity - Profit reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's stockholders | $ (3,481) |  | $ (2,054)
Translation adjustment | $ 4,203 | $ 1,111 | 3,899
Maximum percentage of distributable income reserve for maintenance and development | 50.00% |  |
Percentage of distributable income retained for capital investments budget | 50.00% |  |
Legal reserve |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | $ 1,656 | 1,722 |
Minimum mandatory remuneration | 251 |  |
Translation adjustment | (365) | (66) |
Balance at end of year | 1,542 | 1,656 | 1,722
Tax incentive reserve |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 848 | 882 |
Minimum mandatory remuneration | 2 |  |
Translation adjustment | (191) | (34) |
Balance at end of year | 659 | 848 | 882
Investments reserve |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 4,586 | 8,364 |
Minimum mandatory remuneration | 656 | (1,683) |
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's stockholders | (2,329) | (1,767) |
Translation adjustment | (1,059) | (328) |
Balance at end of year | 1,854 | 4,586 | 8,364
Additional Remuneration reserve |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Minimum mandatory remuneration | 2,820 |  |
Translation adjustment | 167 |  |
Balance at end of year | 2,987 |  |
Profit reserves |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 7,090 | 10,968 |
Minimum mandatory remuneration | 3,729 | (1,683) |
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's stockholders | (2,329) | (1,767) |
Translation adjustment | (1,448) | (428) |
Balance at end of year | $ 7,042 | $ 7,090 | $ 10,968

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