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Employee benefits - Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Profitability projections of investments period (in years) | 10 years |
Percentage of reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | (1.00%) |
Percentage of reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | (1.00%) |
Overfunded pension plans | Discount rate |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance | $ 2,838 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 7.62% |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance | $ 3,424 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 5.62% |
Overfunded pension plans | Brazil |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income | 7.18% |
Nominal average rate of salary increase | 3.80% |
Nominal average rate of benefit increase | 3.80% | 3.80%
Nominal average rate of price inflation |  | 3.80%
Overfunded pension plans | Brazil | Minimum |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 6.62% | 6.99%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income | 6.62% | 6.99%
Nominal average rate of salary increase |  | 5.88%
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 3.31% |
Overfunded pension plans | Brazil | Maximum |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 7.18% | 7.32%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income |  | 7.32%
Nominal average rate of salary increase |  | 5.88%
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 3.80% |
Underfunded pension plans | Discount rate |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance | $ 4,064 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 4.20% |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance | $ 5,295 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 2.20% |
Underfunded pension plans | Brazil |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 6.50% | 7.10%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income | 6.50% | 7.10%
Nominal average rate of salary increase | 6.00% | 6.00%
Nominal average rate of benefit increase | 6.00% | 6.00%
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 3.50% | 4.00%
Underfunded pension plans | Foreign |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 2.43% | 2.96%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income | 3.04% | 3.57%
Nominal average rate of salary increase | 3.21% | 3.17%
Nominal average rate of benefit increase | 3.00% | 3.00%
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 2.08% | 2.10%
Other benefits | Discount rate |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance | $ 1,509 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 4.64% |
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance | $ 2,016 |
Assumptions made (as a percent) | 2.64% |
Other benefits | Brazil |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Immediate health care cost trend rate |  | 6.91%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate |  | 6.91%
Nominal average rate of price inflation |  | 3.80%
Other benefits | Brazil | Minimum |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 6.16% | 6.99%
Immediate health care cost trend rate | 6.35% |
Ultimate health care cost trend rate | 6.35% |
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 3.25% |
Other benefits | Brazil | Maximum |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 7.17% | 7.39%
Immediate health care cost trend rate | 6.91% |
Ultimate health care cost trend rate | 6.91% |
Nominal average rate of price inflation | 3.80% |
Other benefits | Foreign |  |
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis |  |
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation | 2.62% | 3.04%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income | 3.04% | 3.66%
Immediate health care cost trend rate | 5.35% | 5.58%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate | 4.56% | 4.55%

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- Definition The discount rate used as the significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 144 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_144&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The expected rate of inflation that is used as a significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]; Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 144 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_144&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The expected rate of increases in pension that is used as a significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]; Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 144 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_144&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The expected rate of salary increases used as a significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]; Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 144 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_144&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition Medical cost trend rate used as significant actuarial assumption to determine the present value of a defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Defined benefit obligation, at present value; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 144 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_144&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in a defined benefit obligation that would have been caused by a decrease in a significant actuarial assumption that was reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 145 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_145_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in a defined benefit obligation that would have been caused by an increase in a significant actuarial assumption that was reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 145 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_145_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The reasonably possible percentage of the decrease in the actuarial assumption used to determine the present value of defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 145 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_145_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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