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Costs and expenses by nature - Cost of goods sold and services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Costs and expenses by nature |  |  |
Personnel | $ 1,676 | $ 2,009 | $ 2,278
Materials and services | 3,345 | 3,873 | 3,957
Fuel oil and gas | 949 | 1,392 | 1,538
Maintenance | 2,725 | 2,797 | 2,807
Royalties | 846 | 802 | 746
Energy | 703 | 858 | 906
Ores acquired from third parties | 946 | 608 | 513
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 2,980 | 3,399 | 3,207
Freight | 3,439 | 4,023 | 4,306
Others | 1,430 | 1,426 | 1,851
Total | 19,039 | 21,187 | 22,109
Cost of goods sold | 18,457 | 20,498 | 21,526
Cost of services rendered | 582 | 689 | 583
Total | $ 19,039 | $ 21,187 | $ 22,109

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- Definition The amount of merchandise that was sold during the period and recognised as an expense. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of costs relating to expenses directly or indirectly attributed to the goods or services sold, which may include, but are not limited to, costs previously included in the measurement of inventory that has now been sold, unallocated production overheads and abnormal amounts of production costs of inventories. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 99 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_99&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 103 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_103&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from the consumption of energy. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from the consumption of fuel. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of raw materials and consumables used in the production process or in the rendering of services. [Refer: Current raw materials] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 102 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_102&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 99 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_99&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expenses incurred for the day-to-day servicing of assets, which may include the cost of labour, consumables or small parts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from royalties. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from services. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from transportation services. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cost of acquisition of products. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The amount of depreciation and depletion expense in cost of goods sold and services. Depreciation and depletion are the systematic allocations of depreciable amounts of assets over their useful lives. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The expense of all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for a service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment included in cost of goods sold and services. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The amount of other cost of goods sold and services rendered that the entity does not separately disclose in the same statement or note when the entity uses the 'nature of expense' form for its analysis of expenses. + References No definition available. + Details
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