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Information by business segment and by geographic area - Adjusted EBITDA (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue $ 40,018 $ 37,570 $ 36,575
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (16,059) (17,788) (18,902)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (6,514) (8,338) (906)
Research and evaluation expenses (443) (443) (373)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (682) (882) (189)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 268 466 388
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 16,588 10,585 16,593
Net operating revenue 40,018 37,570 36,696
Cost of goods sold and services rendered     (19,022)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses     (910)
Research and evaluation expenses     (373)
Pre operating and operational stoppage     (189)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures     388
Adjusted EBITDA     16,590
Discontinued operations      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue     121
Adjusted EBITDA     (3)
Ferrous minerals      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 32,078 30,005 27,933
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (10,265) (11,988) (13,044)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (173) (351) (94)
Research and evaluation expenses (136) (142) (138)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (640) (823) (135)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 141 296 189
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 21,005 16,997 14,711
Ferrous minerals | Iron ore      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 27,285 23,343 20,354
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (8,171) (8,778) (9,048)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (187) (323) (76)
Research and evaluation expenses (127) (123) (110)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (534) (750) (115)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 23 29 28
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 18,289 13,398 11,033
Ferrous minerals | Iron ore Pellets      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 4,242 5,948 6,651
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (1,661) (2,666) (3,393)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses 11 (20) (11)
Research and evaluation expenses (5) (16) (26)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (77) (72) (19)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 116 258 154
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 2,626 3,432 3,356
Ferrous minerals | Ferroalloys and manganese      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 225 282 454
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (179) (220) (290)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses   (8) (3)
Research and evaluation expenses (2) (2) (1)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (29) (1)  
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 15 51 160
Ferrous minerals | Other ferrous products and services      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 326 432 474
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (254) (324) (313)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses 3   (4)
Research and evaluation expenses (2) (1) (1)
Pre operating and operational stoppage     (1)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 2 9 7
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 75 116 162
Base metals      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 7,170 6,161 6,703
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (4,010) (3,772) (4,020)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (32) (80) (51)
Research and evaluation expenses (117) (87) (57)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (30) (48) (33)
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 2,981 2,174 2,542
Base metals | Nickel and other products      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 4,995 4,257 4,610
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (3,216) (2,867) (3,060)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (25) (75) (47)
Research and evaluation expenses (49) (44) (39)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (29) (28) (33)
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 1,676 1,243 1,431
Base metals | Copper      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 2,175 1,904 2,093
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (794) (905) (960)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (7) (5) (4)
Research and evaluation expenses (68) (43) (18)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (1) (20)  
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA 1,305 931 1,111
Coal      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 473 1,021 1,643
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (1,456) (1,638) (1,575)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (15) 1 (9)
Research and evaluation expenses (28) (30) (21)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 95 113 143
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA (931) (533) 181
Brumadinho event      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (5,257) (7,402)  
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA (5,257) (7,402)  
COVID-19      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (109)    
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA (109)    
Others      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue 297 383 296
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (328) (390) (263)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (928) (506) (752)
Research and evaluation expenses (162) (184) (157)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (12) (11) (21)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 32 57 56
Total of continuing operations Adjusted EBITDA $ (1,101) $ (651) (841)
Fertilizers | Discontinued operations      
Information by business segment and by geographic area      
Net operating revenue     121
Cost of goods sold and services rendered     (120)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses     (4)
Adjusted EBITDA     $ (3)