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Costs and expenses by nature - Selling and administrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Costs and expenses by nature
Selling	$ 88	$ 92	$ 95
Personnel	224	181	212
Services	114	85	92
Depreciation and amortization	49	56	62
Advertisement	17	7	20
Others	62	66	42
Selling and administrative expenses	$ 554	$ 487	$ 523

X

- Definition

The amount of expense arising from advertising.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Name IAS
-Number 1
-IssueDate 2020-01-01
-Paragraph 112
-Subparagraph c
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-URIDate 2020-01-01

+ Details

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Namespace Prefix:	ifrs-full_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

X

- References

No definition available.

+ Details

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Namespace Prefix:	ifrs-full_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

The amount of expenses that the entity does not separately disclose in the same statement or note when the entity uses the 'nature of expense' form for its analysis of expenses. [Refer: Expenses, by nature]

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Name IAS
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-IssueDate 2020-01-01
-Paragraph 102
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name IAS
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-IssueDate 2020-01-01
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Namespace Prefix:	ifrs-full_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

The amount of expense relating to selling activities of the entity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Name IAS
-Number 1
-IssueDate 2020-01-01
-Paragraph 112
-Subparagraph c
-URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard
-URIDate 2020-01-01

+ Details

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Namespace Prefix:	ifrs-full_
Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

The amount of expense relating to selling, general and administrative activities of the entity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Name IAS
-Number 1
-IssueDate 2020-01-01
-Paragraph 85
-URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard
-URIDate 2020-01-01

+ Details

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Data Type:	xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type:	debit
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

The amount of depreciation and amortization expense in selling and administrative expenses. Depreciation and amortization are the systematic allocations of depreciable amounts of assets over their useful lives

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

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X

- Definition

The expense of all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for a service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment included in selling and administrative expenses.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

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X

- Definition

The services expense included in selling and administrative expenses.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

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Namespace Prefix:	vale_
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