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Employee benefits - Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Profitability projections of investments period (in years) 10 years  
Parametric confidence (as a percent) 95.00%  
Percentage of reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption 1.00%  
Overfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.25% 3.80%
Overfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 2,434  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 9.72%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 2,723  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 7.72%  
Overfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil | Minimum    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.62% 6.62%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 8.62% 6.62%
Nominal average rate of benefit increase   3.31%
Nominal average rate of price inflation 3.25%  
Overfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil | Maximum    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.82% 7.32%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 8.82% 7.32%
Nominal average rate of salary increase   3.80%
Overfunded pension plans | Foreign plan | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 221  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 2.85%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 324  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 0.85%  
Underfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 10.25% 6.50%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 10.25% 6.50%
Nominal average rate of salary increase 7.50% 6.00%
Nominal average rate of benefit increase 7.50% 6.00%
Nominal average rate of price inflation 5.00% 3.50%
Underfunded pension plans | Plans in Brazil | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 276  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 7.50%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 317  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 5.50%  
Underfunded pension plans | Foreign plan    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 2.84% 2.43%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 2.62% 3.04%
Nominal average rate of salary increase 3.28% 3.21%
Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.00% 3.00%
Nominal average rate of price inflation 2.10% 2.08%
Underfunded pension plans | Foreign plan | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 3,291  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 3.84%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 4,260  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 1.84%  
Other benefits | Plans in Brazil | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 386  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 9.68%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 299  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 7.68%  
Other benefits | Plans in Brazil | Minimum    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.68% 6.16%
Immediate health care cost trend rate 6.35%  
Ultimate health care cost trend rate 6.35%  
Nominal average rate of price inflation 3.25%  
Other benefits | Plans in Brazil | Maximum    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.86% 7.17%
Other benefits | Foreign plan    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 3.03% 2.62%
Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 2.62% 3.04%
Immediate health care cost trend rate 5.11% 5.35%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate 4.57% 4.56%
Other benefits | Foreign plan | Discount rate    
Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis    
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% increase - Actuarial liability balance $ 971  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 4.03%  
Nominal discount rate - 1.0% reduction - Actuarial liability balance $ 1,313  
Assumptions made (as a percent) 2.03%