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Financial and capital risk management - Effects of derivatives on statement of financial position and Net exposure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | $ 342 | $ 111
Liabilities |  | 90 | 243
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 538 | 131
Liabilities |  | 276 | 835
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 262 | (704)
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 425 | 82
Liabilities |  | 214 | 806
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 211 | (724)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 113 | 36
Liabilities |  | 57 | 29
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 56 | 7
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 11 |
Liabilities |  | 144 | 591
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | (133) | (591)
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  |  | 41
Liabilities |  | 63 | 119
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | (63) | (78)
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 407 | 29
Liabilities |  | 7 | 95
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 400 | (66)
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 7 | 12
Liabilities |  |  | 1
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities | [1] | 7 | 11
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 78 | 8
Liabilities |  | 56 | 2
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 22 | 6
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 35 | 28
Liabilities |  | 1 | 27
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 34 | 1
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Other Options [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  |  | 13
Liabilities |  | 5 |
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | $ (5) | $ 13
[1] | In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the financial regulator in the United Kingdom, announced the discontinuation of the LIBOR rate for all terms in pounds, euros, Swiss francs, yen and for terms of one week and two months in dollars at the end of December 2021 and the other terms at the end of June 2023. Vale is in negotiations with some financial institutions to replace the reference interest rate of its financial contracts from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), with spread adjustments to match the transaction costs. The Company does not expect material impacts on the cash flows of these operations.

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