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Employee benefits - Costs recognized in the income statement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Service cost | $ 45 | $ 10 | $ 7
Interest expense | 325 | 196 | 222
Interest income | (412) | (253) | (297)
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability | 84 | 58 | 74
Total of cost, net | 42 | 11 | 6
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Service cost | 40 | 68 | 52
Interest expense | 39 | 122 | 134
Interest income | (17) | (102) | (107)
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability |  |  |
Total of cost, net | 62 | 88 | 79
Other Benefits [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Service cost | 13 | 1 | 18
Interest expense | 60 | 33 | 64
Interest income |  |  |
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability |  |  |
Total of cost, net | $ 73 | $ 34 | $ 82

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- Definition The amount of post-employment benefit expense included in profit or loss relating to defined benefit plans. [Refer: Profit (loss); Defined benefit plans [member]] [Contrast: Increase (decrease) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from expense (income) in profit or loss] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 5 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_5&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 135 -Subparagraph b -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_135_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
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Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition Amount of interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling) or onerous liability related to defined benefit plan. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition Amount of interest income on plan assets related to defined benefit plan. + References No definition available. + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | vale_
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- Definition Amount of interest on expense on liabilities related to defined benefit plan. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition Amount of service cost expense recognized related to defined benefit plan. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Details
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- Details
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- Details
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