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Financial and capital risk management - Effects of derivatives on the income statement, cash flow and other comprehensive income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | $ (83) | $ (197) | $ (34)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 1,154 | (23) | (1,210)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement | [1] | 1,130 | (159) | (1,147)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow | [1] |  | (270) | (196)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 43 | 125 | (124)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | 19 | 205 | (198)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Forwards [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow | [1] | 160 |  |
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Cdi Tjlp Versus Usd Fixed And Floating Rate Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 394 | (155) | (746)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | (98) | (142) | (141)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Ipca Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 74 | 28 | (262)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | 56 | (18) |
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Eurobonds Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  |  | (28) | 28
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Dollar Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 628 | (20) | (160)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | 164 | (79) | (49)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Libor Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement | [1] | 34 | 16 | (7)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow | [1] | 46 | (2) |
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Bunker Oil Gasoil And Brent [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 25 | 127 | (134)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | 9 | 205 | (206)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Energy Transition Materials [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | 18 | (2) | 10
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | 10 |  | 8
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Other Options [Member] | Commodity price risk [member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement |  | (19) | 11 | 61
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  |  |  | 68
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Forwards [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow | [1] | (8) |  |
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | (262) | (132) | 292
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity Contract For Nickel [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | (277) | (67) | $ 292
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Palladium [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  | $ 15 | 5 |
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Coal [Member] |  |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Derivatives settlement cash outflow |  |  | $ (70) |
[1] | A substantial part of the balances is held with financial institutions in Brazil and, in local currency, they are deemed investment grade.

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- Definition The gain (loss) recognised in profit or loss on hedge ineffectiveness. [Refer: Gain (loss) on hedge ineffectiveness] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 24C -Subparagraph a -Clause i -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_24C_a_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 24C -Subparagraph b -Clause ii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_24C_b_ii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
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