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Costs and expenses by nature - Selling and administrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Costs And Expenses By Nature |  |  |
Personnel | $ 185 | $ 170 | $ 168
Services | 124 | 107 | 114
Selling | 86 | 80 | 81
Depreciation and amortization | 41 | 42 | 49
Advertisement | 22 | 27 | 17
Other | 57 | 55 | 62
Total | $ 515 | $ 481 | $ 491

X
- Definition The amount of expense arising from advertising. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_AdvertisingExpense
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of expenses that the entity does not separately disclose in the same statement or note when the entity uses the 'nature of expense' form for its analysis of expenses. [Refer: Expenses, by nature] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 102 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_102&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 99 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_99&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of expense relating to selling activities of the entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_SellingExpense
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The amount of expense relating to selling, general and administrative activities of the entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2022-03-24 -Paragraph 85 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2022-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2022-03-24 + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The amount of depreciation and amortization expense in selling and administrative expenses. Depreciation and amortization are the systematic allocations of depreciable amounts of assets over their useful lives + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | vale_DepreciationAndAmortizationSellingAndAdministrative
Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The expense of all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for a service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment included in selling and administrative expenses. + References No definition available. + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The services expense included in selling and administrative expenses. + References No definition available. + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | vale_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration