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Information by business segment and by geographic area - Adjusted EBITDA (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | $ 43,839 | $ 54,502 | $ 39,545
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (3,171) | (3,034) | (3,215)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (773) | 426 | 1,308
Financial results | (2,268) | (3,119) | 4,813
Income taxes | 2,971 | 4,697 | 735
Net income (loss) | 18,870 | 22,468 | 4,531
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 82 | 108 | (3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders | 16,728 | 24,736 | 6,258
Aggregate continuing and discontinued operations [member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 44,287 | 55,585 | 40,018
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (21,243) | (20,189) | (16,059)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (2,208) | (3,441) | (6,514)
Research and development | (661) | (555) | (443)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (398) | (514) | (682)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 154 | 268 | 268
Adjusted EBITDA | 19,931 | 31,154 | 16,588
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (3,171) | (3,103) | (3,234)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 305 | (1,297) | (1,063)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (154) | (268) | (268)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | 184 | (3,708) | (2,243)
Adjusted EBITDA | 17,095 | 22,778 |
Financial results | 5,333 | 3,566 | (4,811)
Income taxes | (2,973) | (3,876) | (438)
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest | (585) |  |
Net income (loss) | 18,870 | 22,468 | 4,531
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 82 | 23 | (350)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders | 18,788 | 22,445 | 4,881
Continuing Operation [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 43,839 | 54,502 | 39,545
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (20,979) | (18,872) | (14,603)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (2,196) | (3,415) | (6,499)
Research and development | (660) | (548) | (415)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (398) | (514) | (682)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 154 | 190 | 173
Adjusted EBITDA | 19,760 | 31,343 | 17,519
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (3,171) | (3,034) | (3,215)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 305 | (1,271) | (1,020)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (154) | (190) | (173)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | 773 | (426) | (1,308)
Adjusted EBITDA | 17,513 | 26,422 |
Financial results | 2,268 | 3,119 | (4,813)
Income taxes | (2,971) | (4,697) | (735)
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest |  |  |
Net income (loss) | 16,810 | 24,844 | 6,255
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 82 | 108 | (3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders | 16,728 | 24,736 | 6,258
Discontinued operations [member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 448 | 1,083 | 473
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (264) | (1,317) | (1,456)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (12) | (26) | (15)
Research and development | (1) | (7) | (28)
Pre operating and operational stoppage |  |  |
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  | 78 | 95
Adjusted EBITDA | 171 | (189) | (931)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  | (69) | (19)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures |  | (26) | (43)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  | (78) | (95)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (589) | (3,282) | (935)
Adjusted EBITDA | (418) | (3,644) |
Financial results | 3,065 | 447 | 2
Income taxes | (2) | 821 | 297
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest | (585) |  |
Net income (loss) | 2,060 | (2,376) | (1,724)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | (85) | (347)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders | 2,060 | (2,291) | (1,377)
Iron ore |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 28,188 | 38,324 | 27,123
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (11,929) | (11,199) | (8,025)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (54) | (137) | (192)
Research and development | (208) | (198) | (127)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (342) | (329) | (532)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 15 | 10 | 23
Adjusted EBITDA | 15,670 | 26,471 | 18,270
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (1,345) | (1,255) | (1,277)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | (32) | (1,642) | (1,033)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (15) | (10) | (23)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (151) | (92) | (76)
Adjusted EBITDA | 14,127 | 23,472 |
Iron Ore Pellets [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 6,256 | 7,053 | 4,242
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (2,682) | (2,231) | (1,661)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (1) | 30 | 11
Research and development | (4) | (3) | (5)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (21) | (47) | (77)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 105 | 71 | 116
Adjusted EBITDA | 3,653 | 4,873 | 2,626
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (447) | (388) | (388)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 138 | 123 | 37
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (105) | (71) | (116)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (14) | (7) |
Adjusted EBITDA | 3,225 | 4,530 |
Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 472 | 548 | 551
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (335) | (400) | (433)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | 4 | 9 | 3
Research and development | (3) | (4) | (4)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (18) | (17) | (29)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  | 2
Adjusted EBITDA | 120 | 136 | 90
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (98) | (107) | (101)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | (9) | (40) | (22)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  | (2)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (13) | (35) | (79)
Adjusted EBITDA |  | (46) |
Iron Solutions [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 34,916 | 45,925 | 31,916
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (14,946) | (13,830) | (10,119)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (51) | (98) | (178)
Research and development | (215) | (205) | (136)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (381) | (393) | (638)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 120 | 81 | 141
Adjusted EBITDA | 19,443 | 31,480 | 20,986
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (1,890) | (1,750) | (1,766)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 97 | (1,559) | (1,018)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (120) | (81) | (141)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (178) | (134) | (155)
Adjusted EBITDA | 17,352 | 27,956 |
Nickel And Other Products [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 6,619 | 5,377 | 4,652
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (4,541) | (3,606) | (2,734)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (38) | (5) | (21)
Research and development | (115) | (77) | (42)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (1) | (113) | (29)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | 1,924 | 1,576 | 1,826
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (908) | (841) | (921)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 289 | 1 |
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (18) | (27) | (133)
Adjusted EBITDA | 1,287 | 709 |
Base Metals [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 1,779 | 2,589 | 2,175
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (1,049) | (878) | (794)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (21) | (9) | (7)
Research and development | (127) | (81) | (68)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (13) | (4) | (1)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | 569 | 1,617 | 1,305
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (329) | (372) | (430)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (15) | (20) | (14)
Adjusted EBITDA | 225 | 1,225 |
Energy Transition Materials [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 8,398 | 7,966 | 6,827
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (5,590) | (4,484) | (3,528)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (59) | (14) | (28)
Research and development | (242) | (158) | (110)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (14) | (117) | (30)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | 2,493 | 3,193 | 3,131
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (1,237) | (1,213) | (1,351)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | 289 | 1 |
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures |  |  |
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | (33) | (47) | (147)
Adjusted EBITDA | 1,512 | 1,934 |
Other [Member] |  |  |
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Net operating revenue | 525 | 611 | 802
Cost of goods sold and services rendered | (443) | (558) | (956)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses | (2,086) | (3,303) | (6,293)
Research and development | (203) | (185) | (169)
Pre operating and operational stoppage | (3) | (4) | (14)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | 34 | 109 | 32
Adjusted EBITDA | (2,176) | (3,330) | (6,598)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (44) | (71) | (98)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures | (81) | 287 | (2)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures | (34) | (109) | (32)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net | 984 | (245) | $ (1,006)
Adjusted EBITDA | $ (1,351) | $ (3,468) |

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