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Equity - Profit distribution (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Equity      
Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders $ 18,788 $ 22,445 $ 4,881
Appropriation to legal reserve (276) (1,123)  
Appropriation to tax incentive reserve (1,157) (2,581)  
Net income after appropriations to legal reserve and tax incentive reserve 17,355 18,741  
Reclassification of the fair value adjustment reserve (note 16l) 522  
Minimum mandatory remuneration 4,386 4,542  
Additional remuneration      
from statutory reserve 1,476  
from the net income for the year 437 7,326  
Total additional remuneration  437 8,802  
Total remuneration to shareholders 4,823 13,344  
Appropriation to statutory reserve 8,821 7,395  
Appropriation to retained earnings reserve $ 3,711