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Information by business segment and by geographic area - Adjusted EBITDA (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue $ 43,839 $ 54,502 $ 39,545
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (3,171) (3,034) (3,215)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (773) 426 1,308
  Financial results (2,268) (3,119) 4,813
  Income taxes 2,971 4,697 735
Net income (loss) 18,870 22,468 4,531
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 108 (3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders 16,728 24,736 6,258
Aggregate continuing and discontinued operations [member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 44,287 55,585 40,018
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (21,243) (20,189) (16,059)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (2,208) (3,441) (6,514)
Research and development (661) (555) (443)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (398) (514) (682)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 154 268 268
Adjusted EBITDA 19,931 31,154 16,588
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (3,171) (3,103) (3,234)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 305 (1,297) (1,063)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (154) (268) (268)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net 184 (3,708) (2,243)
Adjusted EBITDA 17,095 22,778  
  Financial results 5,333 3,566 (4,811)
  Income taxes (2,973) (3,876) (438)
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest (585)    
Net income (loss) 18,870 22,468 4,531
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 23 (350)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders 18,788 22,445 4,881
Continuing Operation [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 43,839 54,502 39,545
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (20,979) (18,872) (14,603)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (2,196) (3,415) (6,499)
Research and development (660) (548) (415)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (398) (514) (682)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 154 190 173
Adjusted EBITDA 19,760 31,343 17,519
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (3,171) (3,034) (3,215)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 305 (1,271) (1,020)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (154) (190) (173)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net 773 (426) (1,308)
Adjusted EBITDA 17,513 26,422  
  Financial results 2,268 3,119 (4,813)
  Income taxes (2,971) (4,697) (735)
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest    
Net income (loss) 16,810 24,844 6,255
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 108 (3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders 16,728 24,736 6,258
Discontinued operations [member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 448 1,083 473
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (264) (1,317) (1,456)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (12) (26) (15)
Research and development (1) (7) (28)
Pre operating and operational stoppage
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 78 95
Adjusted EBITDA 171 (189) (931)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (69) (19)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures (26) (43)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (78) (95)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (589) (3,282) (935)
Adjusted EBITDA (418) (3,644)  
  Financial results 3,065 447 2
  Income taxes (2) 821 297
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest (585)    
Net income (loss) 2,060 (2,376) (1,724)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (85) (347)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders 2,060 (2,291) (1,377)
Iron ore      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 28,188 38,324 27,123
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (11,929) (11,199) (8,025)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (54) (137) (192)
Research and development (208) (198) (127)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (342) (329) (532)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 15 10 23
Adjusted EBITDA 15,670 26,471 18,270
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (1,345) (1,255) (1,277)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures (32) (1,642) (1,033)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (15) (10) (23)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (151) (92) (76)
Adjusted EBITDA 14,127 23,472  
Iron Ore Pellets [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 6,256 7,053 4,242
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (2,682) (2,231) (1,661)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (1) 30 11
Research and development (4) (3) (5)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (21) (47) (77)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 105 71 116
Adjusted EBITDA 3,653 4,873 2,626
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (447) (388) (388)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 138 123 37
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (105) (71) (116)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (14) (7)
Adjusted EBITDA 3,225 4,530  
Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 472 548 551
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (335) (400) (433)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses 4 9 3
Research and development (3) (4) (4)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (18) (17) (29)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 2
Adjusted EBITDA 120 136 90
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (98) (107) (101)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures (9) (40) (22)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (2)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (13) (35) (79)
Adjusted EBITDA (46)  
Iron Solutions [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 34,916 45,925 31,916
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (14,946) (13,830) (10,119)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (51) (98) (178)
Research and development (215) (205) (136)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (381) (393) (638)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 120 81 141
Adjusted EBITDA 19,443 31,480 20,986
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (1,890) (1,750) (1,766)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 97 (1,559) (1,018)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (120) (81) (141)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (178) (134) (155)
Adjusted EBITDA 17,352 27,956  
Nickel And Other Products [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 6,619 5,377 4,652
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (4,541) (3,606) (2,734)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (38) (5) (21)
Research and development (115) (77) (42)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (1) (113) (29)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Adjusted EBITDA 1,924 1,576 1,826
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (908) (841) (921)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 289 1
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (18) (27) (133)
Adjusted EBITDA 1,287 709  
Base Metals [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 1,779 2,589 2,175
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (1,049) (878) (794)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (21) (9) (7)
Research and development (127) (81) (68)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (13) (4) (1)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Adjusted EBITDA 569 1,617 1,305
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (329) (372) (430)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (15) (20) (14)
Adjusted EBITDA 225 1,225  
Energy Transition Materials [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 8,398 7,966 6,827
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (5,590) (4,484) (3,528)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (59) (14) (28)
Research and development (242) (158) (110)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (14) (117) (30)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Adjusted EBITDA 2,493 3,193 3,131
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (1,237) (1,213) (1,351)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 289 1
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net (33) (47) (147)
Adjusted EBITDA 1,512 1,934  
Other [Member]      
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]      
Net operating revenue 525 611 802
Cost of goods sold and services rendered (443) (558) (956)
Sales, administrative and other operating expenses (2,086) (3,303) (6,293)
Research and development (203) (185) (169)
Pre operating and operational stoppage (3) (4) (14)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures 34 109 32
Adjusted EBITDA (2,176) (3,330) (6,598)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization (44) (71) (98)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures (81) 287 (2)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (34) (109) (32)
Impairment and disposals of non-current assets, net 984 (245) $ (1,006)
Adjusted EBITDA $ (1,351) $ (3,468)