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Financial and capital risk management - Effects of derivatives on statement of financial position and Net exposure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Jun. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
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Assets |  | $ 522 | $ 342
Liabilities |  | 47 | 90
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 1,081 | 538
Liabilities |  | 145 | 276
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 936 | 262
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 966 | 425
Liabilities |  | 71 | 214
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 895 | 211
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
Assets |  | 115 | 113
Liabilities |  | 71 | 57
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | 44 | 56
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Liabilities |  | 30 | 144
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Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities |  | (41) | (63)
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Liabilities |  |  | 7
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Liabilities |  | 71 | 56
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Liabilities |  |  | 1
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IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items] |  |  |
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[1] | In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the financial regulator in the United Kingdom, announced the discontinuation of the LIBOR rate for all terms in pounds, euros, Swiss francs, yen and for terms of one week and two months in dollars at the end of December 2021 and the other terms at the end of June 2023. Vale has finalized the negotiations for the replacement of the reference interest rate of its financial contracts from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), with spread adjustments to match the transaction costs. The Company does not expect material impacts on the cash flows of these operations.

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