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Costs and expenses by nature - Cost of goods sold and services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract] |  |  |  |
Materials and services | $ 1,007 | $ 855 | $ 1,816 | $ 1,534
Freight | 999 | 1,175 | 1,681 | 2,002
Maintenance | 954 | 806 | 1,766 | 1,433
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 737 | 777 | 1,350 | 1,422
Acquisition of products | 547 | 674 | 1,082 | 1,135
Personnel | 466 | 457 | 923 | 838
Fuel oil and gas | 425 | 353 | 810 | 637
Royalties | 320 | 279 | 552 | 488
Energy | 185 | 180 | 352 | 332
Others | 300 | 394 | 557 | 751
Total | 5,940 | 5,950 | 10,889 | 10,572
Cost of goods sold | 5,805 | 5,800 | 10,632 | 10,289
Cost of services rendered | 135 | 150 | 257 | 283
Total | $ 5,940 | $ 5,950 | $ 10,889 | $ 10,572

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- Definition The amount of merchandise that was sold during the period and recognised as an expense. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of all expenses directly or indirectly attributed to the goods or services sold. Attributed expenses include, but are not limited to, costs previously included in the measurement of inventory that has now been sold, such as depreciation and maintenance of factory buildings and equipment used in the production process, unallocated production overheads, and abnormal amounts of production costs of inventories. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 99 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_99&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 103 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_103&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from the consumption of energy. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from the consumption of fuel. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 112 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_112_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of raw materials and consumables used in the production process or in the rendering of services. [Refer: Current raw materials] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 102 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_102&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 99 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_99&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from royalties. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of expense arising from services. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 85 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=1&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_85&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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