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Costs and expenses by nature (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Costs And Expenses By Nature |
Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered |
Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered |  |  |
| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Freight (i) | 4,251 | 4,738 | 4,575
Services | 4,131 | 3,614 | 2,878
Personnel | 2,931 | 2,684 | 2,522
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | 2,916 | 3,049 | 2,857
Materials | 2,731 | 2,256 | 2,022
Acquisition of products | 2,254 | 2,566 | 2,277
Fuel oil and gas | 1,626 | 1,630 | 1,011
Royalties | 1,286 | 1,268 | 1,370
Energy | 781 | 719 | 639
Others | 1,182 | 1,504 | 1,578
Total | 24,089 | 24,028 | 21,729
(i) | The reduction in freight costs in 2023 was mainly due to the decrease of the price of bunker fuel, which is included in the freight price.
Schedule of selling and administrative expenses |
Schedule of selling and administrative expenses |  |  |
| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Personnel | 243 | 230 | 217
Services | 154 | 142 | 124
Depreciation and amortization | 47 | 41 | 42
Advertisement | 26 | 22 | 27
Other | 83 | 80 | 71
Total | 553 | 515 | 481
Schedule of other operating expenses, net |
Schedule of other operating expenses, net |  |  |  |
|  |  | Year ended December 31,
| Notes | 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Expenses related to Brumadinho event | 25 | 930 | 1,079 | 851
Expenses related to de-characterization of dams | 27(a) | 153 | 72 | 1,725
Asset decommissioning obligations | 27(b) | 5 | 23 | 121
Provision for litigations | 28(a) | 229 | 153 | 98
Profit sharing program |  | 147 | 131 | 126
Disposals of materials and inventories |  | 74 | 46 | 5
COVID-19 expenses |  | - | - | 44
Other |  | (40) | 218 | 6
Total |  | 1,498 | 1,722 | 2,976

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