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Cover
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
shares
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Document Type 20-F
Amendment Flag false
Document Registration Statement false
Document Annual Report true
Document Transition Report false
Document Shell Company Report false
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31
Entity File Number 001-15030
Entity Registrant Name VALE S.A.
Entity Central Index Key 0000917851
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code D5
Entity Address, Address Line One Praia de Botafogo 186
Entity Address, City or Town Rio de Janeiro
Entity Address, Country BR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 22250
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No
Entity Voluntary Filers No
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company false
Document Accounting Standard International Financial Reporting Standards
Entity Shell Company false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction Flag false
Auditor Firm ID 1351
Auditor Name PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores Independentes Ltda.
Auditor Location Rio de Janeiro
6.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2026, issued by Vale Overseas  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 6.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2026, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE/26
Security Exchange Name NYSE
3.750% Guaranteed Notes due 2030, issued by Vale Overseas  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 3.750% Guaranteed Notes due 2030, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE/30
Security Exchange Name NYSE
Guaranteed Notes Due 20336. 125 Interest Rate Issued By Vale Overseas [Member]  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 6.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2033, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE/33
Security Exchange Name NYSE
8.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2034, issued by Vale Overseas  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 8.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2034, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE/34
Security Exchange Name NYSE
6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2036, issued by Vale Overseas  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2036, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE/36
Security Exchange Name NYSE
6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2039, issued by Vale Overseas  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2039, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol VALE39
Security Exchange Name NYSE
5.625% Notes due 2042, issued by Vale S.A.  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security 5.625% Notes due 2042, issued by Vale S.A.
Trading Symbol VALE42
Security Exchange Name NYSE
Ordinary shares [member]  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding 4,539,007,568
Golden shares [member]  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding 12
ADR  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Title of 12(b) Security American Depositary Shares (evidenced by American Depositary Receipts), each representing one common share of Vale
Trading Symbol VALE
Security Exchange Name NYSE
Business Contact [Member]  
Entity Addresses [Line Items]  
Entity Address, Address Line One Praia de Botafogo 186
Entity Address, City or Town Rio de Janeiro
Entity Address, Country BR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 22250
City Area Code 21
Local Phone Number 3485 5000
Contact Personnel Name Gustavo Duarte Pimenta