Costs and expenses by nature (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Freight (i)	$ 4,251	$ 4,738	$ 4,575
Services	4,131	3,614	2,878
Personnel	2,931	2,684	2,522
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	2,916	3,049	2,857
Materials	2,731	2,256	2,022
Acquisition of products	2,254	2,566	2,277
Fuel oil and gas	1,626	1,630	1,011
Royalties	1,286	1,268	1,370
Energy	781	719	639
Others	1,182	1,504	1,578
Total	$ 24,089	$ 24,028	$ 21,729

The amount of all expenses directly or indirectly attributed to the goods or services sold. Attributed expenses include, but are not limited to, costs previously included in the measurement of inventory that has now been sold, such as depreciation and maintenance of factory buildings and equipment used in the production process, unallocated production overheads, and abnormal amounts of production costs of inventories.

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- Definition

The amount of expense arising from the consumption of energy.

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The amount of expense arising from the consumption of fuel.

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The amount of raw materials and consumables used in the production process or in the rendering of services. [Refer: Current raw materials]

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The amount of expense arising from royalties.

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The amount of expense arising from services.

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The amount of expense arising from transportation services.

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The cost of acquisition of products.

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The amount of depreciation and depletion expense in cost of goods sold and services. Depreciation and depletion are the systematic allocations of depreciable amounts of assets over their useful lives.

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The expense of all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for a service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment included in cost of goods sold and services.

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The amount of other cost of goods sold and services rendered that the entity does not separately disclose in the same statement or note when the entity uses the 'nature of expense' form for its analysis of expenses.

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