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Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders      
Net income from continuing operations $ 7,983 $ 16,728 $ 24,736
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 2,060 (2,291)
Net income $ 7,983 $ 18,788 $ 22,445
Thousands of shares      
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 4,366,130 4,637,794 5,012,424
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potential ordinary shares 4,369,961 4,642,432 5,016,848
Ordinary shares [member]      
Thousands of shares      
Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations $ 1.83 $ 3.61 $ 4.93
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations 1.83 3.61 4.93
Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations 0.44 (0.46)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations 0.44 (0.46)
Basic earnings per share 1.83 4.05 4.47
Diluted earnings per share $ 1.83 $ 4.05 $ 4.47