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Costs and expenses by nature (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Costs And Expenses By Nature  
Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered
     
  Year ended December 31,
  2023 2022 2021
Freight (i) 4,251 4,738 4,575
Services 4,131 3,614 2,878
Personnel 2,931 2,684 2,522
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2,916 3,049 2,857
Materials 2,731 2,256 2,022
Acquisition of products 2,254 2,566 2,277
Fuel oil and gas 1,626 1,630 1,011
Royalties 1,286 1,268 1,370
Energy 781 719 639
Others 1,182 1,504 1,578
Total 24,089 24,028 21,729

 

(i) The reduction in freight costs in 2023 was mainly due to the decrease of the price of bunker fuel, which is included in the freight price.
Schedule of selling and administrative expenses
     
  Year ended December 31,
  2023 2022 2021
Personnel 243 230 217
Services 154 142 124
Depreciation and amortization 47 41 42
Advertisement 26 22 27
Other 83 80 71
Total 553 515 481
Schedule of other operating expenses, net
       
      Year ended December 31,
  Notes 2023 2022 2021
Expenses related to Brumadinho event 25 930 1,079 851
Expenses related to de-characterization of dams 27(a) 153 72 1,725
Asset decommissioning obligations 27(b) 5 23 121
Provision for litigations 28(a) 229 153 98
Profit sharing program   147 131 126
Disposals of materials and inventories   74 46 5
COVID-19 expenses   - - 44
Other   (40) 218 6
Total   1,498 1,722 2,976