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Legal proceedings | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract] |
Legal proceedings | 26. Legal proceedings The Company is a defendant in numerous legal and administrative actions in the ordinary course of business, including civil, tax, environmental and labor proceedings. The Company makes use of estimates to recognize the amounts and the probability of outflow of resources, based on reports and technical assessments and on management’s assessment. Provisions are recognized for probable losses of which a reliable estimate can be made. Arbitral, legal and administrative decisions against the Company, new jurisprudence and changes of existing evidence can result in changes regarding the probability of outflow of resources and on the estimated amounts, according to the assessment of the legal basis. The lawsuits related to Brumadinho event (note 23) and the Samarco dam failure (note 24) are presented in its specific notes to these financial statements and, therefore, are not disclosed below. a) Provision for legal and administrative proceedings Effects in income statements
Schedule of effects in income statements |  |  |  |
| Three-month period ended June 30, | Six-month period ended June 30,
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024
Tax litigations | – | (1) | (2) | (5)
Civil litigations | 55 | (6) | 39 | (18)
Labor litigations | (57) | (45) | (96) | (78)
Environmental litigations | (31) | (2) | (31) | (3)
Total | (33) | (54) | (90) | (104)
Changes in the provisions in the period
Schedule of changes in provision for litigations |  |  |  |  |
| Tax litigation | Civil litigation | Labor litigation | Environmental litigation | Total of litigation provision
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 201 | 290 | 482 | 40 | 1,013
Additions and reversals, net | 2 | (39) | 96 | 31 | 90
Payments | (17) | (30) | (48) | (30) | (125)
Indexation and interest | 1 | 10 | 18 | 1 | 30
Transfer to held for sale and payables taxes | (62) | (5) | – | (27) | (94)
Translation adjustment | 26 | 35 | 69 | 6 | 136
Balance as of June 30, 2025 | 151 | 261 | 617 | 21 | 1,050
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | 90 | 380 | 514 | 15 | 999
Additions and reversals, net | 5 | 18 | 78 | 3 | 104
Payments | (2) | (58) | (53) | – | (113)
Indexation and interest | 9 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 26
Translation adjustment | (13) | (52) | (68) | (3) | (136)
Balance as of June 30, 2024 | 89 | 303 | 472 | 16 | 880
The Company has considered all information available to assess the likelihood of an outflow of resources and in the preparation on the estimate of the costs that may be required to settle the obligations. Tax litigations – The Company is party to several administrative and legal proceedings related mainly to the incidence of Brazilian federal contributions ("PIS" and "COFINS"), Value-added tax ("ICMS") and other taxes. Civil litigations – Refers to lawsuits for: (i) indemnities for losses, payments and contractual fines due to contractual imbalance or non-compliance that are alleged by suppliers, and (ii) land claims referring to real estate Vale's operational activities. Labor litigations – Refers to lawsuits for claims by in-house employees and service providers, primarily involving demands for additional compensation for overtime work, moral damages or health and safety conditions. Environmental litigations – Refers mainly to proceedings for environmental damages and issues related to environmental licensing. b) Contingent liabilities
Schedule of contingent liabilities |  |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024
Tax litigations | 6,929 | 5,995
Civil litigations | 1,443 | 1,274
Labor litigations | 349 | 292
Environmental litigations | 1,172 | 1,050
Total | 9,893 | 8,611
c) Judicial deposits
Schedule of judicial deposits |  |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024
Tax litigations | 363 | 338
Civil litigations | 104 | 78
Labor litigations | 119 | 110
Environmental litigations | 12 | 11
Total | 598 | 537
d) Guarantees contracted for legal proceedings In addition to the above-mentioned tax, civil, labor and environmental judicial deposits, the Company contracted US$3.4 billion (December 31, 2024: US$2.9 billion) in guarantees for its lawsuits, as an alternative to judicial deposits.

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