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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The components of income before income taxes and the details of the provision for income taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31:
202120202019
(In thousands)
Income before income taxes:
Domestic$958,206 $810,844 $766,436 
Foreign264,964 271,465 303,312 
Total$1,223,170 $1,082,309 $1,069,748 
Provision for income taxes:
Current:
Federal$99,706 $126,427 $88,526 
Foreign146,890 61,672 81,452 
State16,282 19,932 19,093 
Total current262,878 208,031 189,071 
Deferred:
Federal23,538 (1,254)18,005 
Foreign(56,572)(4,072)(29)
State3,273 7,165 1,404 
Total deferred(29,761)1,839 19,380 
Total provision$233,117 $209,870 $208,451 
Significant components of the deferred tax (asset) liability were as follows at December 31:
20212020
(In thousands)
Non-current deferred tax (asset) liability:
Differences in basis of property and accelerated depreciation (1)
$44,199 $46,023 
Reserves not currently deductible(113,392)(61,872)
Pensions63,329 39,256 
Differences in basis of intangible assets and accelerated amortization768,542 565,661 
Net operating loss carryforwards(44,164)(26,767)
Share-based compensation(12,728)(13,780)
Foreign Tax Credit Carryforwards(2,291)(261)
Unremitted earnings11,361 10,657 
Other(33,529)(43,507)
681,327 515,410 
Less: Valuation allowance11,349 5,965 
692,676 521,375 
Portion included in non-current assets26,999 12,103 
Gross non-current deferred tax liability$719,675 $533,478 
______________________
(1)Presented net of deferred tax asset of approximately $33.3 million and $32.4 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, resulting from lease obligations.

The Company’s effective tax rate reconciles to the U.S. Federal statutory rate as follows for the years ended December 31:
202120202019
U.S. Federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit1.5 2.3 1.8 
Foreign operations, net(0.4)(1.4)(0.9)
U.S. Benefits for Manufacturing, Export and credits(2.6)(1.9)(2.0)
Uncertain Tax Items(0.1)(1.3)(1.0)
Stock compensation(1.7)(1.0)(1.5)
U.S. Tax on Foreign Earnings3.9 2.2 2.6 
U.S. General Basket FTC(2.9)(0.1)(0.3)
Other0.3 (0.5)(0.3)
Consolidated effective tax rate19.1 %19.4 %19.5 %
The Company elected to pay the cash tax cost of the one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries over an eight-year period. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has a remaining cash tax obligation of $35.9 million, all of which is classified as non-current.
The Company has evaluated the impact of the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) section of the Tax Act and has made a tax accounting policy election to record the annual tax cost of GILTI as a current period expense when incurred and, as such, will not be measuring an impact of GILTI in its determination of deferred taxes.
As a result of the one-time mandatory deemed repatriation and the taxable inclusions under the GILTI provisions of the Tax Act, the Company has approximately $714.6 million in previously taxed income (“PTI”) as of December 31, 2021 which can be repatriated without incremental U.S. Federal tax. The Company intends to reinvest its earnings indefinitely in operations outside the United States except to the extent of the PTI. There has been no provision for U.S. deferred income taxes for the undistributed earnings over PTI of approximately $186.4 million and $411.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively because determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred income tax liability on these undistributed earnings is not practicable.
As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded deferred income taxes totaling $11.4 million and $10.7 million respectively in state income and foreign withholding taxes expected to be incurred when the cash amounts related to the mandatory tax are ultimately repatriated to the U.S.
The Company is acquisitive and at times acquires entities with tax attributes (net operating losses or tax credits) that carry over to post-acquisition tax periods of the Company. At December 31, 2021, the Company had tax effected benefits, net of uncertain tax positions of $44.1 million related to net operating loss carryforwards, which will be available to offset future income taxes payable, subject to certain annual or other limitations based on foreign and U.S. tax laws. This amount includes net operating loss carryforwards of $11.7 million for federal income tax purposes with no valuation allowance for the U.S. consolidated group, $12.0 million for state income tax purposes with a valuation allowance of $2.9 million, and $20.4 million for foreign income tax purposes with a valuation allowance of $1.4 million. These net operating loss carryforwards, if not used, will expire between 2022 and 2041.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had tax effected benefits of $11.8 million related to tax credit carryforwards, which will be available to offset future income taxes payable, subject to certain annual or other limitations based on foreign and U.S. tax laws. This amount includes tax credit carryforwards of $5.4 million for federal income tax purposes with a valuation allowance of $3.3 million, $6.4 million for state income tax purposes with a valuation allowance of $2.4 million, and no remaining credit carryforwards for foreign income tax purposes. These tax credit carryforwards, if not used, will expire between 2022 and 2041.
The Company maintains a valuation allowance (VA) to reduce certain deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. This allowance primarily relates to deferred tax assets established for state non-deductible interest expense, federal and state credits and state net operating loss carryforwards. In 2021, the Company recorded an increase of $5.4 million in the valuation allowance of which $2.1 million mostly relates to foreign tax credit carryforwards and $3.3 million relates to state net operating losses and credits that are not expected to be utilized.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $147.0 million, of which $110.0 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. At December 31, 2020, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $100.7 million, of which $60.6 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company reported $9.1 million and $11.6 million, respectively, related to interest and penalty exposure as accrued income tax expense in the consolidated balance sheet. During 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized a net benefit of $2.5 million, and $2.6 million respectively for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the consolidated statement of income as a component of income tax expense.
Approximately 62% of the Company’s overall tax liability is incurred in the United States. The Company files income tax returns in various other state and foreign tax jurisdictions, in some cases for multiple legal entities per jurisdiction. Generally, the Company has open tax years subject to tax audit on average of between three and six years in these jurisdictions. At December 31, 2021, the Company was notified by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") that the U.S. consolidated tax group and a separate company filer was selected for audit for the 2019 tax year. A preliminary meeting with the IRS and company representative has been scheduled. The Company has not materially extended any other statutes of limitation for any significant location and has reviewed and accrued for, where necessary, tax liabilities for open periods including state and foreign jurisdictions that remain subject to examination. There have been no penalties asserted or imposed by the IRS related to substantial understatement of income, gross valuation misstatement or failure to disclose a listed or reportable transaction.
During 2021, the Company added $58.6 million of tax, interest and penalties related to identified uncertain tax positions and reversed $35.2 million of tax and interest related to statute expirations and settlement of prior uncertain positions. During 2020, the Company added $24.3 million of tax, interest and penalties related to identified uncertain tax positions and reversed $35.3 million of tax and interest related to statute expirations and settlement of prior uncertain positions.
The following is a reconciliation of the liability for uncertain tax positions at December 31:
202120202019
(In millions)
Balance at the beginning of the year$100.7 $109.1 $119.3 
Additions for tax positions related to the current year41.4 15.6 17.5 
Additions for tax positions of prior years34.9 6.2 2.8 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(1.5)(0.3)(1.3)
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities(0.1)(0.5)(0.9)
Reductions due to statute expirations(28.4)(29.4)(28.3)
Balance at the end of the year$147.0 $100.7 $109.1 
In 2021, the additions above primarily reflect the increase in tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions related to certain higher transfer pricing risks. The reductions above primarily relate to statute expirations. The net increase of $46.3 million in uncertain tax positions resulted in an increase of $18.9 million to income tax expense and the remainder primarily in goodwill. At December 31, 2021, tax, interest and penalties of $134.2 million were classified as a non-current liability and $22.0 million was reflected as a reduction against deferred tax assets.