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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 12 — Income Taxes Income before taxes consisted of the following:
| Year Ended July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
U.S. | $ | 339,013 |  |  | $ | 286,169 |  |  | $ | 230,966 |
International | 56,852 |  |  | 45,900 |  |  | 39,069 |
Total income before taxes | $ | 395,865 |  |  | $ | 332,069 |  |  | $ | 270,035 |
Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations consisted of the following:
| Year Ended July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Federal: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 103,127 |  |  | $ | 95,468 |  |  | $ | 90,207 |
Deferred | 7,019 |  |  | 5,841 |  |  | (9,589 | )
| 110,146 |  |  | 101,309 |  |  | 80,618 |
State: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | 5,347 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | 1,912 |
Deferred | 151 |  |  | (86 | ) |  | (279 | )
| 5,498 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 1,633 |
International: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current | 10,855 |  |  | 11,062 |  |  | 10,077 |
Deferred | (994 | ) |  | (1,159 | ) |  | (980 | )
| 9,861 |  |  | 9,903 |  |  | 9,097 |
Income tax expense | $ | 125,505 |  |  | $ | 112,286 |  |  | $ | 91,348 |
A reconciliation of the expected U.S. statutory tax rate to the actual effective income tax rate is as follows:
| Year Ended July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Federal statutory rate | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | 0.9 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.1 |
International rate differential | (1.8 | ) |  | (1.9 | ) |  | (2.1 | )
Compensation and fringe benefits (1) | (3.6 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other differences | 1.2 |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Effective tax rate | 31.7 | % |  | 33.8 | % |  | 33.8 | %
(1) | Included in the compensation and fringe benefits rate reconciliation is the impact of the Company's early adoption, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 on a modified retrospective basis, of ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under this standard, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to exercises of stock options are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) are presented below:
| July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 992 |
Accrued compensation and benefits | 43,594 |  |  | 40,391 |
State taxes | 638 |  |  | 577 |
Accrued other | 3,018 |  |  | 3,967 |
Deferred revenue | (545 | ) |  | 798 |
Property and equipment | 14,170 |  |  | 16,957 |
Losses carried forward | 3,312 |  |  | 4,362 |
Federal tax benefit | 10,757 |  |  | 7,832 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 76,340 |  |  | 75,876 |
Less valuation allowance | (5,420 | ) |  | (2,650 | )
Net deferred tax assets | 70,920 |  |  | 73,226 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Vehicle pooling costs | (8,871 | ) |  | (7,749 | )
Prepaid insurance | (1,142 | ) |  | (890 | )
Intangibles and goodwill | (39,773 | ) |  | (37,673 | )
Total gross deferred tax liabilities | (49,786 | ) |  | (46,312 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 21,134 |  |  | $ | 26,914 |
The above net deferred tax assets and liabilities have been reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows:
| July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015
U.S. current assets | $ | 1,444 |  |  | $ | 3,396 |
U.S. non-current assets | 23,506 |  |  | 28,856 |
International non-current liabilities | (3,816 | ) |  | (5,338 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 21,134 |  |  | $ | 26,914 |
The Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets is dependent on its ability to generate future taxable income. Accordingly, the Company has established a valuation allowance in taxable jurisdictions where the utilization of the tax assets is uncertain. Additional timing differences or future tax losses may occur which could warrant a need for establishing additional valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance for the years ended July 31, 2016 and 2015 was $5.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2016 and 2015, if recognized, the portion of liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits that would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate w as $20.7 million and $17.4 million, respectively. It is possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months, due to tax legislation updates or future audit outcomes; however an estimate of the range of the possible change cannot be made at this time. The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:
| July 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Beginning balance | $ | 17,428 |  |  | $ | 18,419 |  |  | $ | 17,178 |
Increases related to current year tax position | 4,311 |  |  | 3,441 |  |  | 1,805 |
Prior year tax positions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior year increase | 1,120 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 2,997 |
Prior year decrease | — |  |  | — |  |  | (523 | )
Cash settlement | (412 | ) |  | (225 | ) |  | — |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (1,732 | ) |  | (4,806 | ) |  | (3,038 | )
Ending balance | $ | 20,715 |  |  | $ | 17,428 |  |  | $ | 18,419 |
It is the Company’s continuing practice to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of July 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company had accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $4.9 million, $3.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The Company is currently under examination by certain taxing authorities in the U.S. for fiscal years 2011 to 2014. At this time, the Company does not believe that the outcome of any examination will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial position. During the year ended July 31, 2016, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which impacts the accounting for share-based payments, including income tax consequences, classification of awards and the classification on the consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized excess tax benefits of $14.7 million as a reduction to tax expense in the consolidated statements of income, as though ASU 2016-09 had been in effect since the beginning of fiscal 2016, instead of reflected in stockholders' equity. In the years ended July 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized a tax benefit of $3.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, upon the exercise of certain stock options, which was reflected in stockholders’ equity. The Company has not provided for U.S. federal income and foreign withholding taxes on i ts $146.0 million in ternational subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings as of July 31, 2016, because the Company intends to reinvest such earnings indefinitely in its international operations. Specifically, the earnings will be dedicated to the following areas outside the U.S. (i) funding operating and capital spending needs in existing foreign markets; (ii) funding merger and acquisition deals both in existing and new international markets; and (iii) other investments to help expand the Company's footprint in international emerging markets. The Company does not anticipate the need for any international cash in the U.S. operations. It is not practical to determine the income tax liability that might be incurred if these earnings were to be distributed in the form of dividends or otherwise. If distributed, however, foreign tax credits may become available under current law to reduce or eliminate the resultant U.S. income tax liability.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32559-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32639-109319 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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