EX-99.1 2 q22024earningsrelease.htm EX-99.1
Exhibit 99.1

|  | NEWS RELEASE July 17, 2024

| Contacts: Dan Schlanger, CFO
| Kris Hinson, VP Corp Finance & Treasurer
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | Crown Castle Inc.
| 713-570-3050

CROWN CASTLE REPORTS SECOND QUARTER 2024 RESULTS AND MAINTAINS OUTLOOK FOR FULL YEAR 2024
July 17, 2024 - HOUSTON, TEXAS - Crown Castle Inc. (NYSE: CCI) ("Crown Castle") today reported results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024 and maintained its full year 2024 outlook, as reflected in the table below.

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | Current Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | Full Year 2023 Actual |  |  | Change | % Change |  |
Site rental revenues | $6,340 | $6,532 |  |  | $(192) | (3)% |  |
Net income (loss) | $1,158 | $1,502 |  |  | $(344) | (23)% |  |
Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $2.67 | $3.46 |  |  | $(0.79) | (23)% |  |
Adjusted EBITDA(b) | $4,168 | $4,415 |  |  | $(247) | (6)% |  |
AFFO(b) | $3,030 | $3,277 |  |  | $(247) | (8)% |  |
AFFO per share(b) | $6.97 | $7.55 |  |  | $(0.58) | (8)% |  |

(a)Reflects midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook as issued on July 17, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
“Our second quarter results demonstrated the durability and consistency of Crown Castle’s business, and we remain on track to deliver our full year outlook for organic revenue growth of 4.5% in towers, 2% in fiber solutions, and double digits in small cells, adjusted for the impact of Sprint Cancellations,” said Steven Moskowitz, Crown Castle’s Chief Executive Officer. “In the Fiber segment, we announced and implemented changes in the second quarter to improve the investment outcomes on capital being spent on small cell anchor builds and fiber solutions opportunities. Through a comprehensive review of customer needs, we are finding solutions that utilize more of our existing fiber network, enabling us to limit new greenfield investments. In response to this change in our operating plans, we reduced our staffing levels and field office locations, which is expected to result in approximately $100 million of annualized run-rate operating cost savings. Moving forward, we are focused on continuing to progress the Fiber segment strategic review, which remains active and ongoing, while delivering solid financial and operating results across our tower, small cell, and fiber solutions businesses.”
RESULTS FOR THE QUARTER
The table below sets forth select financial results for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.
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(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | Q2 2024 | Q2 2023 |  | Change | % Change |  |
Site rental revenues | $1,580 | $1,728 |  | $(148) | (9)% |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $251 | $455 |  | $(204) | (45)% |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $0.58 | $1.05 |  | $(0.47) | (45)% |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA(a) | $1,006 | $1,188 |  | $(182) | (15)% |  |  |  |
AFFO(a) | $704 | $891 |  | $(187) | (21)% |  |  |  |
AFFO per share(a) | $1.62 | $2.05 |  | $(0.43) | (21)% |  |  |  |

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE QUARTER
•Site rental revenues. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings was $63 million, or 4.7% growth from second quarter 2023, excluding an unfavorable $106 million impact from Sprint Cancellations. Site rental revenues were also negatively impacted by an $81 million decrease in amortization of prepaid rent and a $24 million decrease in straight-lined revenues, resulting in a decline in site rental revenues of $148 million, or 9%, from second quarter 2023 to second quarter 2024.
•Net income. Net income for the second quarter 2024 was $251 million compared to $455 million for the second quarter 2023, and included $45 million of charges incurred in the quarter related to the restructuring plan announced in June 2024.
•Adjusted EBITDA. Second quarter 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $1.0 billion compared to $1.2 billion for the second quarter 2023. The decrease in the quarter was primarily a result of the lower contribution from site rental revenues, $22 million of lower services contribution, and $20 million of advisory fees primarily related to the recent proxy contest.
•AFFO and AFFO per share. Second quarter 2024 AFFO was $704 million, or $1.62 per share, each representing a decrease from the second quarter 2023 of 21%. The decrease in the quarter was primarily a result of the lower contribution from Adjusted EBITDA and higher interest expense compared to second quarter 2023.
•Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the quarter were $329 million, comprised of $302 million of discretionary capital expenditures and $27 million of sustaining capital expenditures. Discretionary capital expenditures included approximately $271 million attributable to Fiber and $26 million attributable to Towers.
•Common stock dividend. During the quarter, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $680 million in the aggregate, or $1.565 per common share, unchanged on a per share basis compared to the same period a year ago.
“Having implemented the operational changes announced in June, we delivered second quarter results in line with expectations and remain on track to meet our full year guidance,” said Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle’s Chief Financial Officer. “The business continues to perform well as we focus on delivering for our customers and shareholders. The resilience of our top-line growth is complemented by our strong balance sheet, which is well-positioned to provide stability and flexibility as we continue to evaluate strategic paths forward. We finished the second quarter with 89% fixed rate debt, a weighted average maturity of 7 years, only 8% of our debt maturing through 2025, and approximately $5.5 billion of liquidity under our revolving credit facility.”
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OUTLOOK
This Outlook section contains forward-looking statements, and actual results may differ materially. Information regarding potential risks which could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements herein is set forth below and in Crown Castle's filings with the SEC.
The following table sets forth Crown Castle's current full year 2024 Outlook, which remains unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on June 11, 2024.

(in millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  | Full Year 2024(a) |  |
Site rental billings(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $5,740 | to | $5,780 |  |
Amortization of prepaid rent |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $392 | to | $417 |  |
Straight-lined revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $162 | to | $187 |  |
Site rental revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $6,317 | to | $6,362 |  |
Site rental costs of operations(c) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $1,686 | to | $1,731 |  |
Services and other gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $65 | to | $95 |  |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $1,125 | to | $1,190 |  |
Net income (loss) per share—diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $2.59 | to | $2.74 |  |
Adjusted EBITDA(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $4,143 | to | $4,193 |  |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $1,680 | to | $1,775 |  |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $926 | to | $971 |  |
FFO(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $2,863 | to | $2,893 |  |
AFFO(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $3,005 | to | $3,055 |  |
AFFO per share(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $6.91 | to | $7.02 |  |
Towers Segment discretionary capital expenditures(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $180 | to | $180 |  |
Fiber Segment discretionary capital expenditures(d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $1,050 | to | $1,150 |  |

(a)As issued on July 17, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(c)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis including on a per share basis, and for definition of discretionary capital expenditures.
(e)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense."
•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to expected 2024 growth in site rental revenues. Full year consolidated site rental billings growth, excluding the impact of Sprint Cancellations, is expected to be 5%, inclusive of 4.5% from towers, 15% from small cells, and 2% from fiber solutions.
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•Core leasing activity for full year 2024 is expected to contribute $305 million to $335 million, consisting of $105 million to $115 million from towers (compared to $126 million in full year 2023), $65 million to $75 million from small cells (compared to $28 million in full year 2023), and $135 million to $145 million from fiber solutions (compared to $120 million in full year 2023).
•The expected 2024 small cell core leasing activity of $70 million at the midpoint includes $25 million of higher-than-expected non-recurring revenues primarily related to early termination payments. Excluding the impact of Sprint Cancellations and the increase in non-recurring revenues, small cell organic growth is expected to be 10% in 2024.
•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to the year over year change to 2024 AFFO.
•The expected increase in full year 2024 expenses includes $25 million of advisory fees related to the recent proxy contest, which is expected to be more than offset by an approximately $60 million decrease in costs related to the reduction in staffing levels and office closures announced in June 2024.
•Interest expense for full year 2024 is expected to be $78 million to $123 million higher than in full year 2023, primarily related to incremental debt financing to fund discretionary capital expenditures in 2024.
•The full year 2024 Outlook for discretionary capital expenditures, which is unchanged from the 2024 Outlook issued in June 2024 and reflects a $300 million reduction from our 2024 Outlook provided in April 2024, is $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion, including approximately $1.1 billion in the Fiber segment and $180 million in the Towers segment, and prepaid rent additions are expected to be approximately $355 million in 2024, including $275 million from Fiber and $80 million from Towers.
Additional information is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of our website.
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CONFERENCE CALL DETAILS
Crown Castle has scheduled a conference call for Wednesday, July 17, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time to discuss its second quarter 2024 results. A listen only live audio webcast of the conference call, along with supplemental materials for the call, can be accessed on the Crown Castle website at https://investor.crowncastle.com. Participants may join the conference call by dialing 833-816-1115 (Toll Free) or 412-317-0694 (International) at least 30 minutes prior to the start time. All dial-in participants should ask to join the Crown Castle call.
A replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor page of Crown Castle's website until end of day, Thursday, July 17, 2025.
ABOUT CROWN CASTLE
Crown Castle owns, operates and leases more than 40,000 cell towers and approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber supporting small cells and fiber solutions across every major U.S. market. This nationwide portfolio of communications infrastructure connects cities and communities to essential data, technology and wireless service - bringing information, ideas and innovations to the people and businesses that need them. For more information on Crown Castle, please visit www.crowncastle.com.
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Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information
This press release includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, and Net Debt, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).
Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other real estate investment trusts ("REITs").
In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit, which are key measures used by management to evaluate our operating segments. These segment measures are provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as site rental revenues and capital expenditures.
Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:
•Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.
•AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock (in periods where applicable)) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenues or expenses are recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.
•FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily real estate depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.
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•Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (also referred to as organic growth) is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, core leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well as to forecast future results. Separately, we are also disclosing Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations (including by line of business), which is outside of ordinary course, to provide further insight into our results of operations and underlying trends. Management believes that identifying the impact for Sprint Cancellations provides increased transparency and comparability across periods. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.
•Net Debt is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our overall debt position and future debt capacity. Management uses Net Debt in assessing our leverage. Net Debt is not meant as an alternative measure of debt and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and stock-based compensation expense, net.
AFFO. We define AFFO as FFO before straight-lined revenues, straight-lined expenses, stock-based compensation expense, net, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring charges (credits), net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, less sustaining capital expenditures.
AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
FFO. We define FFO as net income (loss) plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion and asset write-down charges, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends (in periods where applicable), and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to common stockholders.
FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. We define Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (also referred to as organic growth) as the sum of the change in site rental revenues related to core leasing activity, escalators and payments for Sprint Cancellations, less non-renewals of tenant contracts and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations. Additionally, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations reflects Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings less payments for Sprint Cancellations, plus non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations (including by line of business).
Net Debt. We define Net Debt as (1) debt and other long-term obligations and (2) current maturities of debt and other obligations, excluding unamortized adjustments, net; less cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents.
Segment Measures
Segment site rental gross margin. We define segment site rental gross margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net and amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental costs of operations.
Segment services and other gross margin. We define segment services and other gross margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net recorded in consolidated services and other costs of operations.
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Segment operating profit. We define segment operating profit as segment site rental gross margin plus segment services and other gross margin, less segment selling, general and administrative expenses.
All of these measurements of profit or loss are exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.
Other Definitions
Site rental billings. We define site rental billings as site rental revenues exclusive of the impacts from (1) straight-lined revenues, (2) amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (3) contribution from recent acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
Core leasing activity. We define core leasing activity as site rental revenues growth from tenant additions across our entire portfolio and renewals or extensions of tenant contracts, exclusive of (1) the impacts from both straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (2) payments for Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Non-renewals. We define non-renewals of tenant contracts as the reduction in site rental revenues as a result of tenant churn, terminations and, in limited circumstances, reductions of existing lease rates, exclusive of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants) and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.
Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as discretionary capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.
Sprint Cancellations. We define Sprint Cancellations as lease cancellations related to the previously disclosed T-Mobile US, Inc. and Sprint network consolidation as described in our press release dated April 19, 2023.
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Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Six Months Ended |  | For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2023
Net income (loss) | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 1,502 |
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset write-down charges | 3 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 33 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 430 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 1,754 |
Restructuring charges(a) | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 16 |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(b) | 230 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 850 |
Interest income | (4) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (15) |
Other (income) expense | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 26 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | 40 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 157 |
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) | $ | 1,006 |  |  | $ | 1,188 |  |  | $ | 2,043 |  |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 4,415 |

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:

|  |  | Full Year 2024
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) |  |  | Outlook(f)
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $1,125 | to | $1,190
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset write-down charges |  |  |  |  | $42 | to | $52
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  |  |  | $0 | to | $6
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  | $1,680 | to | $1,775
Restructuring charges(a) |  |  |  |  | $100 | to | $130
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments |  |  |  |  | $15 | to | $17
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) |  |  |  |  | $926 | to | $971
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations |  |  |  |  | — |  | to | —
Interest income |  |  |  |  | $(12) | to | $(11)
Other (income) expense |  |  |  |  | $0 | to | $9
(Benefit) provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | $20 | to | $28
Stock-based compensation expense, net |  |  |  |  | $142 | to | $146
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) |  |  |  |  | $4,143 | to | $4,193

(a)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to (1) the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, as further discussed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Restructuring Plan"), and (2) the Company's restructuring plan announced in June 2024, as further discussed in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 11, 2024 ("2024 Restructuring Plan"), as applicable for the respective period. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, there were $13 million and $43 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
(b)See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(c)See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(d)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(f)As issued on July 17, 2024.
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Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Six Months Ended |  | For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2023
Net income (loss) | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 1,502 |
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 415 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 1,692 |
Asset write-down charges | 3 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 33 |
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | 1,412 |  |  | $ | 1,737 |  |  | $ | 3,227 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |
FFO (from above) | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | 1,412 |  |  | $ | 1,737 |  |  | $ | 3,227 |
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Straight-lined revenues | (56) |  |  | (80) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (163) |  |  | (274) |
Straight-lined expenses | 17 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 73 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | 40 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 157 |
Non-cash portion of tax provision | (2) |  |  | (6) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 15 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 62 |
Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 14 |
Other (income) expense | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Restructuring charges(c) | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |
Sustaining capital expenditures | (27) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (49) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (83) |
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | 891 |  |  | $ | 1,453 |  |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | 3,277 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, there were $13 million and $43 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 11

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Six Months Ended |  | For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding) | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2023
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 1.29 |  |  | $ | 2.01 |  |  | $ | 3.46 |
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.95 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 1.93 |  |  | 1.94 |  |  | 3.90 |
Asset write-down charges | 0.01 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.08 |
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.54 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 4.00 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |
FFO (from above) | $ | 1.54 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 4.00 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Straight-lined revenues | (0.13) |  |  | (0.18) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  | (0.38) |  |  | (0.63) |
Straight-lined expenses | 0.04 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.17 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | 0.09 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 0.36 |
Non-cash portion of tax provision | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.02 |
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.03 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | 0.14 |
Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 0.01 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.03 |
Other (income) expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.01 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring charges(c) | 0.10 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.20 |
Sustaining capital expenditures | (0.06) |  |  | (0.04) |  |  | (0.11) |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (0.19) |
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.62 |  |  | $ | 2.05 |  |  | $ | 3.34 |  |  | $ | 3.96 |  |  | $ | 7.55 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, there were $13 million and $43 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 12

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO:

|  |  | Full Year 2024 |  | Full Year 2024
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) |  |  | Outlook(a) |  | Outlook per share(a)
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $1,125 | to | $1,190 |  | $2.59 | to | $2.74
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  | $1,634 | to | $1,714 |  | $3.76 | to | $3.94
Asset write-down charges |  |  |  |  | $42 | to | $52 |  | $0.10 | to | $0.12
FFO(b)(c) |  |  |  |  | $2,863 | to | $2,893 |  | $6.58 | to | $6.65
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 435 |  | 435
FFO (from above) |  |  |  |  | $2,863 | to | $2,893 |  | $6.58 | to | $6.65
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Straight-lined revenues |  |  |  |  | $(187) | to | $(162) |  | $(0.43) | to | $(0.37)
Straight-lined expenses |  |  |  |  | $55 | to | $75 |  | $0.13 | to | $0.17
Stock-based compensation expense, net |  |  |  |  | $142 | to | $146 |  | $0.33 | to | $0.34
Non-cash portion of tax provision |  |  |  |  | $2 | to | $17 |  | $0.00 | to | $0.04
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  | $46 | to | $61 |  | $0.11 | to | $0.14
Amortization of non-cash interest expense |  |  |  |  | $9 | to | $19 |  | $0.02 | to | $0.04
Other (income) expense |  |  |  |  | $0 | to | $9 |  | $0.00 | to | $0.02
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations |  |  |  |  | — |  | to | — |  | — |  | to | —
Acquisition and integration costs |  |  |  |  | $0 | to | $6 |  | $0.00 | to | $0.01
Restructuring charges(d) |  |  |  |  | $100 | to | $130 |  | $0.23 | to | $0.30
Sustaining capital expenditures |  |  |  |  | $(85) | to | $(65) |  | $(0.20) | to | $(0.15)
AFFO(b)(c) |  |  |  |  | $3,005 | to | $3,055 |  | $6.91 | to | $7.02
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 435 |  | 435

(a)As issued on July 17, 2024.
(b)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(d)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to 2023 Restructuring Plan and 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period..
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 13

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2024 |  | 2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues: |  |  |
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | 1,304 |
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | 106 |  |  | — |
Prior year site rental billings(a) | 1,460 |  |  | 1,304 |
Core leasing activity(a) | 76 |  |  | 73 |
Escalators | 24 |  |  | 24 |
Non-renewals(a) | (37) |  |  | (42) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 63 |  |  | 54 |
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (105) |  |  | 106 |
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (1) |  |  | (6) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | (44) |  |  | 155 |
Straight-lined revenues | 56 |  |  | 80 |
Amortization of prepaid rent | 107 |  |  | 188 |
Acquisitions(c) | — |  |  | 1 |
Total site rental revenues | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |
Year-over-year changes in revenues: |  |  |
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (8.6) | % |  | 10.3 | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 4.7 | % |  | 4.2 | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | (3.0) | % |  | 11.9 | %

(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)In the second quarter 2023, we received $101 million and $5 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount. Additionally, during the second quarter 2023, there were $4 million and $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.
(c)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 14

Towers Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2024 |  | 2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues: |  |  |
Prior year site rental billings(a) | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | 877
Core leasing activity(a) | 26 |  |  | 38 |
Escalators | 23 |  |  | 22 |
Non-renewals(a) | (7) |  |  | (8) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 42 |  |  | 51 |
Straight-lined revenues | 54 |  |  | 84 |
Amortization of prepaid rent | 39 |  |  | 67 |
Acquisitions(b) | — |  |  | 1 |
Other | — |  |  | — |
Total site rental revenues | $ | 1,064 |  |  | $ | 1,080 |
Year-over-year changes in revenues: |  |  |
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (1.5) | % |  | 0.2 | %
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings: |  |  |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 4.4 | % |  | 5.8 | %

(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 15

Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business for the Quarters Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Small Cells | Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2024 |  | 2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues: |  |  |
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | 101 |  |  | — |
Prior year site rental billings(a) | 211 |  |  | 109 |
Core leasing activity(a) | 11 |  |  | 6 |
Escalators | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Non-renewals(a) | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 12 |  |  | 5 |
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (101) |  |  | 101 |
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (1) |  |  | (4) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | (90) |  |  | 102 |
Straight-lined revenues | (1) |  |  | (6) |
Amortization of prepaid rent | 50 |  |  | 102 |
Acquisitions(c) | — |  |  | — |
Total site rental revenues | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 308 |
Year-over-year changes in revenues: |  |  |
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (44.8) | % |  | 97.4 | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 10.9 | % |  | 5.0 | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | (42.5) | % |  | 93.6 | %

(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)In the second quarter 2023, we received $101 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells, which will not recur in 2024. In second quarter 2023, there were $4 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells.
(c)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 16

Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business for the Quarters Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Fiber Solutions | Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2024 |  | 2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues: |  |  |
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 318 |
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | 5 |  |  | — |
Prior year site rental billings(a) | 319 |  |  | 318 |
Core leasing activity(a) | 39 |  |  | 30 |
Escalators | — |  |  | — |
Non-renewals(a) | (29) |  |  | (32) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 10 |  |  | (2) |
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (4) |  |  | 5 |
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 5 |  |  | 1 |
Straight-lined revenues | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of prepaid rent | 18 |  |  | 19 |
Acquisitions(c) | — |  |  | — |
Total site rental revenues | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 340 |
Year-over-year changes in revenues: |  |  |
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 1.8 | % |  | 2.1 | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 3.2 | % |  | (0.7) | %
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 1.7 | % |  | 0.4 | %

Outlook for Components Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business

| Full Year 2024 Outlook(d)
| Towers |  | Fiber Segment
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | Small Cells |  | Fiber Solutions
Core leasing activity (a) | $105 | to | $115 |  | $65 | to | $75 |  | $135 | to | $145
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(e)(f) | 4.5% |  | 15% |  | 2%
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a)(e) | 4.5% |  | (8) |  | (4)

(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)In the second quarter 2023, we received $5 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions, which will not recur in 2024. In the second quarter 2023, there were $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions.
(c)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(d)As issued on July 17, 2024.
(e)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook.
(f)In full year 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 17

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for Full Year 2024 Outlook:

(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) |  |  |  |  | Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) |  |
Components of changes in site rental revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) |  |  |  |  | $5,505 |  |
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) |  |  |  |  | $170 |  |
Prior year site rental billings(b) |  |  |  |  | $5,675 |  |
Core leasing activity(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $305 | to | $335 |  |  |  |
Escalators |  |  |  |  |  |  | $95 | to | $105 |  |  |  |
Non-renewals(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $(165) | to | $(145) |  |  |  |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $245 | to | $285 |  |  |  |
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $(170) | to | $(160) |  |  |  |
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $(10) | to | $(10) |  |  |  |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(b) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $70 | to | $110 |  |  |  |
Straight-lined revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | $162 | to | $187 |  |  |  |
Amortization of prepaid rent |  |  |  |  |  |  | $392 | to | $417 |  |  |  |
Acquisitions(d) |  |  |  |  | — |  |
Total site rental revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | $6,317 | to | $6,362 |  |  |  |
Year-over-year changes in revenues:(e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues |  |  |  |  | (3.0)% |  |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) |  |  |  |  | 4.8% |  |
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b) |  |  |  |  | 1.6% |  |

(a)As issued on July 17, 2024.
(b)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c)In 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(e)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook, where applicable.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 18

Components of Capital Expenditures:(a)

| For the Three Months Ended
| June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
(in millions) | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total |  | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total
Discretionary capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects | $ | 15 |  | $ | 271 |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | 298 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 338 |
Purchases of land interests | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  |  | 23 |  | — |  | — |  | 23 |
Sustaining capital expenditures | 3 |  | 18 |  | 6 |  | 27 |  |  | 4 |  | 8 |  | 6 |  | 18 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 29 |  | $ | 289 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 61 |  | $ | 306 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 379 |
| For the Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
(in millions) | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total |  | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total
Discretionary capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects | $ | 35 |  | $ | 530 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 576 |  |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | 570 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 649 |
Purchases of land interests | 24 |  | — |  | — |  | 24 |  |  | 38 |  | — |  | — |  | 38 |
Sustaining capital expenditures | 5 |  | 32 |  | 12 |  | 49 |  |  | 6 |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 33 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 64 |  | $ | 562 |  | $ | 23 |  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 111 |  | $ | 585 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 720 |

Outlook for Discretionary Capital Expenditures Less Prepaid Rent Additions:(d)

(in millions) | Full Year 2023 |  |  | Full Year 2024 Outlook(b) |  |
Discretionary capital expenditures | $1,341 |  |  |  |  | $1,230 | to | $1,330 |  |  |  |
Less: Prepaid rent additions(c) | $348 |  |  | ~$355 |  |
Discretionary capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | $993 |  |  |  |  | $875 | to | $975 |  |  |  |

Components of Interest Expense:

| For the Three Months Ended
(in millions) | June 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2023
Interest expense on debt obligations | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 205 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Capitalized interest | (5) |  |  | (4) |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 208 |

Outlook for Components of Interest Expense:

(in millions) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(b) |  |
Interest expense on debt obligations | $915 | to | $955 |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | $20 | to | $30 |  |  |  |
Capitalized interest | $(17) | to | $(7) |  |  |  |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $926 | to | $971 |  |  |  |

(a)See our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)As issued on July 17, 2024.
(c)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
(d)Excludes sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com

News Release continued: |  | Page 19

Debt Balances and Maturity Dates as of June 30, 2024:

(in millions) | Face Value(a) |  | Final Maturity
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 331 |  |  |
Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2(b) | 36 |  |  | Aug. 2029
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(c) | 700 |  |  | May 2045
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(c) | 750 |  |  | July 2048
Finance leases and other obligations(d) | 295 |  |  | Various
Total secured debt | $ | 1,781 |  |  |
2016 Revolver(e) | — |  |  | July 2027
2016 Term Loan A(f) | 1,155 |  |  | July 2027
Commercial Paper Notes(g) | 1,438 |  |  | Various
3.200% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | Sept. 2024
1.350% Senior Notes | 500 |  |  | July 2025
4.450% Senior Notes | 900 |  |  | Feb. 2026
3.700% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | June 2026
1.050% Senior Notes | 1,000 |  |  | July 2026
2.900% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | Mar. 2027
4.000% Senior Notes | 500 |  |  | Mar. 2027
3.650% Senior Notes | 1,000 |  |  | Sept. 2027
5.000% Senior Notes | 1,000 |  |  | Jan. 2028
3.800% Senior Notes | 1,000 |  |  | Feb. 2028
4.800% Senior Notes | 600 |  |  | Sept. 2028
4.300% Senior Notes | 600 |  |  | Feb. 2029
5.600% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | June 2029
3.100% Senior Notes | 550 |  |  | Nov. 2029
3.300% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | July 2030
2.250% Senior Notes | 1,100 |  |  | Jan. 2031
2.100% Senior Notes | 1,000 |  |  | Apr. 2031
2.500% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | July 2031
5.100% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | May 2033
5.800% Senior Notes | 750 |  |  | Mar. 2034
2.900% Senior Notes | 1,250 |  |  | Apr. 2041
4.750% Senior Notes | 350 |  |  | May 2047
5.200% Senior Notes | 400 |  |  | Feb. 2049
4.000% Senior Notes | 350 |  |  | Nov. 2049
4.150% Senior Notes | 500 |  |  | July 2050
3.250% Senior Notes | 900 |  |  | Jan. 2051
Total unsecured debt | $ | 22,093 |  |  |
Net Debt(h) | $ | 23,543 |  |  |

(a)Net of required principal amortizations.
(b)The Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes over a period ending in August 2029.
(c)If the respective series of Tower Revenue Notes are not paid in full on or prior to an applicable anticipated repayment date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2015-2 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2025 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid within eighteen months of maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.
(d)$8 million represents obligations under finance leases as of June 30, 2024.
(e)As of June 30, 2024, the undrawn availability under the $7.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $7.0 billion. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn available amount, which as of June 30, 2024 ranged from 0.080% to 0.300%, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, per annum.
(f)The 2016 Term Loan A principal amortizes over a period ending in July 2027.
(g)As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $0.6 billion available for issuance under its $2.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes, when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.
(h)See further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
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News Release continued: |  | Page 20

Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this news release. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as "estimate," "see," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," "continue," "target," "focus," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include our full year 2024 Outlook and plans, projections, expectations and estimates regarding (1) the value of our business model and strategy, the durability and performance of our business and the demand for our communications infrastructure, (2) revenue growth and its driving factors, (3) net income (loss) (including on a per share basis), (4) AFFO (including on a per share basis) and its components and growth, (5) Adjusted EBITDA and its components and growth, (6) Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) and its components and growth, (7) site rental revenues and its components and growth, (8) interest expense, (9) the impact of Sprint Cancellations on our operating and financial results, (10) services contribution, (11) the growth in our business and its driving factors, (12) discretionary capital expenditures, (13) prepaid rent additions and amortization, (14) core leasing activity, (15) increase in our expenses, including its driving factors, (16) fiber strategic review and the potential impacts and benefits therefrom, (17) changes to our operating plans for the Fiber segment and the impacts therefrom, (18) operating cost reductions, including cost savings and other resulting benefits, (19) debt and debt maturities, (20) payment of advisory fees, including timing, and the impact on our results, and (21) fiber solutions and small cell opportunities and the potential impacts and benefits therefrom. All future dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors.
Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including prevailing market conditions and the following:
•Our business depends on the demand for our communications infrastructure (including towers, small cells and fiber), driven primarily by demand for data, and we may be adversely affected by any slowdown in such demand. Additionally, a reduction in the amount or change in the mix of network investment by our tenants may materially and adversely affect our business (including reducing demand for our communications infrastructure or services).
•A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from a small number of tenants, and the loss, consolidation or financial instability of any of such tenants may materially decrease revenues, reduce demand for our communications infrastructure and services and impact our dividend per share growth.
•The expansion or development of our business, including through acquisitions, increased product offerings or other strategic opportunities, may cause disruptions in our business, which may have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial results.
•Our Fiber segment has expanded, and the Fiber business model contains certain differences from our Towers business model, resulting in different operational risks. If we do not successfully operate our Fiber business model or identify or manage the related operational risks, such operations may produce results that are lower than anticipated.
•Our review of potential strategic alternatives may not result in an executed or consummated transaction or other strategic alternative, and the process of reviewing strategic alternatives or the outcome could adversely affect our business. There is no guarantee that any transaction resulting from the strategic review will ultimately benefit our shareholders.
•Failure to timely, efficiently and safely execute on our construction projects could adversely affect our business.
•New technologies may reduce demand for our communications infrastructure or negatively impact our revenues.
•If we fail to retain rights to our communications infrastructure, including the rights to land under our towers and the right-of-way and other agreements related to our small cells and fiber, our business may be adversely affected.
•Our services business has historically experienced significant volatility in demand, which reduces the predictability of our results.
•If radio frequency emissions from wireless handsets or equipment on our communications infrastructure are demonstrated to cause negative health effects, potential future claims could adversely affect our operations, costs or revenues.
•Cybersecurity breaches or other information technology disruptions could adversely affect our operations, business, and reputation.
•Our business may be adversely impacted by climate-related events, natural disasters, including wildfires, and other unforeseen events.
•As a result of competition in our industry, we may find it more difficult to negotiate favorable rates on our new or renewing tenant contracts.
•New wireless technologies may not deploy or be adopted by tenants as rapidly or in the manner projected.
•Our focus on and disclosure of our Environmental, Social and Governance position, metrics, strategy, goals and initiatives expose us to potential litigation and other adverse effects to our business.
•Failure to attract, recruit and retain qualified and experienced employees could adversely affect our business, operations and costs.
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•Changes to management, including turnover of our top executives, could have an adverse effect on our business.
•Actions that we are taking to restructure our business in alignment with our strategic priorities may not be as effective as anticipated.
•Actions of activist stockholders could impact the pursuit of our business strategies and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, or stock price.
•Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to react to changes in our business, and the terms of our debt instruments limit our ability to take a number of actions that our management might otherwise believe to be in our best interests. In addition, if we fail to comply with our covenants, our debt could be accelerated.
•We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. In the event we do not repay or refinance such indebtedness, we could face substantial liquidity issues and might be required to issue equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, or sell some of our assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet our debt payment obligations.
•Sales or issuances of a substantial number of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
•Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation amended and restated by-laws and operative agreements, and domestic and international competition laws may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or for us to acquire control of a third party, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.
•If we fail to comply with laws or regulations which regulate our business and which may change at any time, we may be fined or even lose our right to conduct some of our business.
•Future dividend payments to our stockholders will reduce the availability of our cash on hand available to fund future discretionary investments, and may result in a need to incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to fund growth opportunities. In such event, the then current economic, credit market or equity market conditions will impact the availability or cost of such financing, which may hinder our ability to grow our per share results of operations.
•Remaining qualified to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code. Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would result in our inability to deduct dividends to stockholders when computing our taxable income, thereby increasing our tax obligations and reducing our available cash.
•Complying with REIT requirements, including the 90% distribution requirement, may limit our flexibility or cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, including certain discretionary investments and potential financing alternatives.
•REIT related ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may prevent or restrict certain transfers of our capital stock.
Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.
As used in this release, the term "including," and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation."
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News Release continued: |  | Page 22

| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except par values)

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 105 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 171 |  |  | 171 |
Receivables, net | 420 |  |  | 481 |
Prepaid expenses | 155 |  |  | 103 |
Deferred site rental receivables | 129 |  |  | 116 |
Other current assets | 51 |  |  | 56 |
Total current assets | 1,081 |  |  | 1,032 |
Deferred site rental receivables | 2,341 |  |  | 2,239 |
Property and equipment, net | 15,698 |  |  | 15,666 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 5,930 |  |  | 6,187 |
Goodwill | 10,085 |  |  | 10,085 |
Other intangible assets, net | 2,974 |  |  | 3,179 |
Other assets, net | 137 |  |  | 139 |
Total assets | $ | 38,246 |  |  | $ | 38,527 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 252 |
Accrued interest | 228 |  |  | 219 |
Deferred revenues | 509 |  |  | 605 |
Other accrued liabilities | 359 |  |  | 342 |
Current maturities of debt and other obligations | 865 |  |  | 835 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 308 |  |  | 332 |
Total current liabilities | 2,494 |  |  | 2,585 |
Debt and other long-term obligations | 22,854 |  |  | 22,086 |
Operating lease liabilities | 5,354 |  |  | 5,561 |
Other long-term liabilities | 1,892 |  |  | 1,914 |
Total liabilities | 32,594 |  |  | 32,146 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Common stock, 0.01 par value; 1,200 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: June 30, 2024—435 and December 31, 2023—434 | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Additional paid-in capital | 18,347 |  |  | 18,270 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5) |  |  | (4) |
Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings | (12,694) |  |  | (11,889) |
Total equity | 5,652 |  |  | 6,381 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 38,246 |  |  | $ | 38,527 |

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News Release continued: |  | Page 23

| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Site rental | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 3,168 |  |  | $ | 3,352 |
Services and other | 46 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 288 |
Net revenues | 1,626 |  |  | 1,867 |  |  | 3,267 |  |  | 3,640 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of operations:(a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Site rental | 432 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 862 |  |  | 839 |
Services and other | 27 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 202 |
Selling, general and administrative | 204 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 405 |
Asset write-down charges | 3 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 430 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 876 |
Restructuring charges | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses | 1,141 |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | 2,244 |  |  | 2,345 |
Operating income (loss) | 485 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 1,295 |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | (230) |  |  | (208) |  |  | (456) |  |  | (410) |
Interest income | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |
Other income (expense) | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 258 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 888 |
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | (7) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (14) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 874 |
Net income (loss), per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 1.29 |  |  | $ | 2.02 |
Diluted | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 1.29 |  |  | $ | 2.01 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 433 |
Diluted | 435 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 434 |

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
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| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 874 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 869 |  |  | 876 |
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest | 18 |  |  | 14 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | 78 |  |  | 91 |
Asset write-down charges | 9 |  |  | 22 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision | 5 |  |  | 1 |
Other non-cash adjustments, net | 8 |  |  | 2 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in liabilities | (99) |  |  | (35) |
Decrease (increase) in assets | (83) |  |  | (120) |
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 1,367 |  |  | 1,725 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (649) |  |  | (720) |
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1) |  |  | (89) |
Other investing activities, net | — |  |  | 3 |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (650) |  |  | (806) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |  |  | 2,347 |
Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations | (36) |  |  | (39) |
Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt | — |  |  | — |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | — |  |  | 2,113 |
Payments under revolving credit facility | (670) |  |  | (2,739) |
Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program | 1,438 |  |  | (1,024) |
Payments for financing costs | — |  |  | (23) |
Purchases of common stock | (30) |  |  | (29) |
Dividends/distributions paid on common stock | (1,368) |  |  | (1,364) |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (666) |  |  | (758) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 51 |  |  | 161 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (1) |  |  | — |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 281 |  |  | 327 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 488 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid | 441 |  |  | 367 |
Income taxes paid (refunded) | 9 |  |  | 10 |

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| CROWN CASTLE INC. SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars)

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Towers |  | Fiber |  | Other |  | Total |  | Towers |  | Fiber |  | Other |  | Total
Segment site rental revenues | $ | 1,064 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,580 |  |  | $ | 1,080 |  |  | $ | 648 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,728 |
Segment services and other revenues | 43 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 46 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 139 |
Segment revenues | 1,107 |  |  | 519 |  |  |  |  | 1,626 |  |  | 1,204 |  |  | 663 |  |  |  |  | 1,867 |
Segment site rental costs of operations | 245 |  |  | 178 |  |  |  |  | 423 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 171 |  |  |  |  | 414 |
Segment services and other costs of operations | 23 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 95 |
Segment costs of operations(a)(b) | 268 |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |  | 448 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 174 |  |  |  |  | 509 |
Segment site rental gross margin(c) | 819 |  |  | 338 |  |  |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 837 |  |  | 477 |  |  |  |  | 1,314 |
Segment services and other gross margin(c) | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 44 |
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | 16 |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 51 |  |  |  |  | 81 |
Segment operating profit(c) | 823 |  |  | 289 |  |  |  |  | 1,112 |  |  | 839 |  |  | 438 |  |  |  |  | 1,277 |
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b) |  |  |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | 105 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | 88 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  | 430 |  |  | 430 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 445 |  |  | 445 |
Restructuring charges(d) |  |  |  |  | 45 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net |  |  |  |  | 230 |  |  | 230 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 208 |  |  | 208 |
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(e) |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 462 |

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $7 million and $9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $4 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $33 million and $41 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable for the respective period. For the three-month period ended June 30, 2024, there were $2 million and $43 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
(e)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.
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SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Towers |  | Fiber |  | Other |  | Total |  | Towers |  | Fiber |  | Other |  | Total
Segment site rental revenues | $ | 2,132 |  |  | $ | 1,036 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,168 |  |  | $ | 2,161 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,352 |
Segment services and other revenues | 89 |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 99 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 288 |
Segment revenues | 2,221 |  |  | 1,046 |  |  |  |  | 3,267 |  |  | 2,431 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  |  |  | 3,640 |
Segment site rental costs of operations | 483 |  |  | 360 |  |  |  |  | 843 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 343 |  |  |  |  | 820 |
Segment services and other costs of operations | 51 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 196 |
Segment costs of operations(a)(b) | 534 |  |  | 367 |  |  |  |  | 901 |  |  | 668 |  |  | 348 |  |  |  |  | 1,016 |
Segment site rental gross margin(c) | 1,649 |  |  | 676 |  |  |  |  | 2,325 |  |  | 1,684 |  |  | 848 |  |  |  |  | 2,532 |
Segment services and other gross margin(c) | 38 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 41 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 92 |
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | 37 |  |  | 97 |  |  |  |  | 134 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | 161 |
Segment operating profit(c) | 1,650 |  |  | 582 |  |  |  |  | 2,232 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 761 |  |  |  |  | 2,463 |
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b) |  |  |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | 189 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | 170 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net |  |  |  |  | 78 |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91 |  |  | 91 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |  |  |  |  | 869 |  |  | 869 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 876 |  |  | 876 |
Restructuring charges(d) |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net |  |  |  |  | 456 |  |  | 456 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 410 |  |  | 410 |
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(e) |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 576 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 888 |

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $14 million and $17 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $8 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $64 million and $74 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, there were $13 million and $43 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
(e)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.
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