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Restructuring
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring

The following table summarizes restructuring reserve activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in millions):

 
Employee Severance and Benefits
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2018
$

Charges
84

Payments
(49
)
Other
(17
)
Accrued liability as of September 30, 2018
$
18



In June 2018, management approved a plan to implement a strategic reduction of our existing global workforce. The reduction was substantially completed in the second quarter of 2018. The Company incurred pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $84 million. The restructuring charges, which primarily related to employee severance and benefits, were aggregated in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of income. Other adjustments were primarily related to settlements of previous contractual commitments in the second quarter of 2018. No restructuring charges were recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.