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Risk management (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Risk Management |
Schedule of internal risk rating levels |
Schedule of internal risk rating levels |  |  |
Thousand of Reais |  | 2025 | 2024
By maturity |  |  |
Less than 1 Year |  | 321,881,721 | 320,774,167
Between 1 and 5 years |  | 200,999,057 | 199,768,489
More than 5 years |  | 79,159,211 | 79,145,188
Loans and advances to customers, gross |  | 602,039,989 | 599,687,844
By internal classification of risk |  |  |
Low |  | 411,269,061 | 443,671,010
Medium-low |  | 135,638,317 | 105,285,608
Medium |  | 18,147,181 | 16,421,302
Medium-High |  | 11,600,825 | 11,575,874
High |  | 25,384,605 | 22,734,050
Loans and advances to customers, gross |  | 602,039,989 | 599,687,844
Schedule of expected loan losses |
Schedule of expected loan losses |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | 2025
|  |  | Probability of default | Default loss
|  | Exposure
Commercial and industrial |  | 246,928,346 | 6% | 43%
Real Estate Credit - construction |  | 70,157,866 | 10% | 9%
Individual loans |  | 281,358,798 | 12% | 54%
Leasing |  | 3,594,979 | 2% | 42%
|  |  |  | 2024
|  | Exposure | Probability of default | Default loss
Commercial and industrial |  | 241,177,143 | 5% | 39%
Real Estate Credit - construction |  | 64,820,223 | 10% | 9%
Individual loans |  | 290,347,271 | 10% | 62%
Leasing |  | 3,343,207 | 2% | 42%
Schedule of evolution of the main credit indicators |
Schedule of evolution of the main credit indicators |  |
| 2025 | 2024
Credit risk exposure - customers (Thousand of Reais) | 778,881,139 | 750,357,060
Loans and advances to customers, gross (note 9) | 602,039,987 | 599,687,844
Contingent Liabilities - Guarantees and other sureties (note 43.a) | 58,917,343 | 64,387,753
Private securities | 117,923,809 | 86,281,463
Non-performing loans ratio (%) | 8.12% | 7.03%
Impairment coverage ratio (%) | 83.22% | 84.44%
Specific credit loss provisions, net of RAWO (*) (Thousand of Reais) | 40,694,182 | 35,668,907
Data prepared based on management criteria and accounting criteria of the controlling unit. (*) RAWO = Recoveries of Assets Written Off at Loss |  |
Schedule of position of accounts subject to interest rate risk |
Schedule of position of accounts subject to interest rate risk |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2025
|  |  |  | In millions of Reais
Position of accounts subject to interest rate risk | On Demand | Up to 3 Months | 3 to 12 Months | 1 to 5 years | Above 5 years | Total
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets measured at fair value in income | - | - | 128 | 812 | - | 940
Debt instruments | - | - | 128 | 812 | - | 940
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss | 10,493 | 45,929 | 22,998 | 48,620 | 24,333 | 152,373
Debt instruments | 10,493 | 14,090 | 18,943 | 32,994 | 21,036 | 97,556
Equity instruments | - | 36 | - | 80 | - | 116
Derivatives | - | 31,803 | 4,055 | 15,546 | 3,297 | 54,701
Financial assets not intended for trading Mandatory measured at the fair value of the result | - | - | - | - | 173 | 173
Debt instruments | - | - | - | - | 173 | 173
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income | 2,299 | 10,161 | 15,195 | 18,318 | 28,581 | 74,554
Debt instruments | 2,299 | 10,161 | 15,195 | 18,318 | 28,581 | 74,554
Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost | 99,986 | 104,415 | 161,223 | 262,885 | 90,007 | 718,516
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit institutions | 98,671 | 291 | 1,823 | 1,045 | - | 101,830
Loans and advances to customers | 735 | 102,261 | 133,145 | 205,986 | 63,196 | 505,323
Debt Instruments | 580 | 1,863 | 26,255 | 55,854 | 26,811 | 111,363
Total | 112,778 | 160,505 | 199,544 | 330,634 | 143,094 | 946,555
Remunerated Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in income Held for Trading | 49,415 | 28,051 | 1,414 | 4,892 | 878 | 84,650
Derivatives | 35 | 28,051 | 1,414 | 4,892 | 878 | 35,270
Short Positions | 49,380 | - | - | - | - | 49,380
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 170,248 | 129,579 | 235,321 | 280,848 | 30,669 | 846,665
Deposits from credit institutions | 447 | 39,764 | 66,223 | 16,787 | 178 | 123,399
Customer deposits | 169,801 | 58,543 | 112,578 | 177,206 | 23 | 518,151
Bonds and securities | - | 31,272 | 56,520 | 86,855 | 2,136 | 176,783
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital | - | - | - | - | 28,332 | 28,332
Total | 219,663 | 157,630 | 236,735 | 285,740 | 31,547 | 931,315
|  |  |  |  | 2024
|  |  |  | In millions of Reais
Position of Accounts Subject to Interest Rate Risk | On Demand | Up to 3 Months | 3 to 12 Months | 1 to 5 years | Above 5 years | Total
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets measured at fair value in income | - | - | 121 | 1,283 | - | 1,404
Debt instruments | - | - | 121 | 1,283 | - | 1,404
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss | 7,700 | 6,779 | 24,793 | 52,083 | 32,175 | 123,530
Debt instruments | 7,700 | 1,123 | 19,038 | 35,033 | 26,977 | 89,871
Equity instruments | - | 17 | - | 23 | - | 40
Derivatives | - | 5,639 | 5,755 | 17,027 | 5,198 | 33,619
Financial assets not intended for trading Mandatory measured at the fair value of the result | - | - | - | - | 209 | 209
Debt instruments | - | - | - | - | 209 | 209
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income | 2,183 | 5,258 | 4,977 | 59,238 | 31,711 | 103,367
Debt instruments | 2,183 | 5,258 | 4,977 | 59,238 | 31,711 | 103,367
Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost | 113,264 | 107,139 | 153,954 | 234,133 | 70,674 | 679,164
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit institutions | 110,426 | 2,020 | 2,197 | 3,910 | - | 118,553
Loans and advances to customers | 2,557 | 98,218 | 138,836 | 193,061 | 61,220 | 493,892
Debt Instruments | 281 | 6,901 | 12,921 | 37,162 | 9,454 | 66,719
Total | 123,147 | 119,176 | 183,845 | 346,737 | 134,560 | 907,465
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in income Held for Trading | 39,403 | 2,529 | 1,958 | 6,497 | 1,206 | 51,593
Derivatives | 6 | 2,529 | 1,958 | 6,497 | 1,206 | 12,196
Short Positions | 39,397 | - | - | - | - | 39,397
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 174,985 | 116,741 | 249,441 | 242,650 | 32,136 | 815,953
Deposits from credit institutions | 508 | 32,060 | 68,882 | 21,268 | 326 | 123,044
Customer deposits | 174,477 | 59,547 | 124,584 | 160,324 | 33 | 518,965
Bonds and securities | - | 25,134 | 55,975 | 61,058 | 8,435 | 150,602
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital | - | - | - | - | 23,342 | 23,342
Total | 214,388 | 119,270 | 251,399 | 249,147 | 33,342 | 867,546
Schedule of position of accounts subject to currency risk |
| Schedule of position of accounts subject to currency risk |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency Risk |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2025
|  |  |  | In millions of Reais
| Asset: |  |  | Dollar | Euro | Others | Total
| Cash/Applications/Debt Instruments |  |  | 175,247 | 7,950 | 2,686 | 185,883
| Loans and advances to customers |  |  | 3,866 | 5,610 | 1,485 | 10,961
| Derivatives |  |  | 349,167 | 15,713 | 8,834 | 373,714
| Others |  |  | 51,530 | - | - | 51,530
| Total |  |  | 579,810 | 29,273 | 13,005 | 622,088
| Liabilities: |  |  | Dollar | Euro | Others | Total
| Funding in foreign currency |  |  | 181,855 | 8,881 | 3,711 | 194,447
| Derivatives |  |  | 256,286 | 20,376 | 7,250 | 283,912
| Others |  |  | 145,446 | 496 | 1,897 | 147,839
| Total |  |  | 583,587 | 29,753 | 12,858 | 626,198
|  |  |  |  |  | 2024
|  |  |  | In millions of Reais
| Asset: |  |  | Dollar | Euro | Others | Total
| Cash/Applications/Debt Instruments |  |  | 207,780 | 10,523 | 3,447 | 221,750
| Loans and advances to customers |  |  | 5,629 | 1 | 565 | 6,195
| Derivatives |  |  | 421,574 | 19,908 | 14,310 | 455,792
| Others |  |  | 33,181 | - | - | 33,181
| Total |  |  | 668,164 | 30,432 | 18,322 | 716,918
| Liabilities: |  |  | Dollar | Euro | Others | Total
| Funding in foreign currency |  |  | 172,082 | 8,333 | 2,778 | 183,193
| Derivatives |  |  | 384,550 | 25,804 | 12,402 | 422,756
| Others |  |  | 116,669 | 501 | 2,778 | 119,948
| Total |  |  | 673,301 | 34,638 | 17,958 | 725,897
Schedule of funding from customers |
Schedule of funding from customers |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | In millions of Reais
Customers Funding | 2025 | 2024
| 0 a 30 days | Total | % | 0 a 30 days | Total | %
Demand deposits | 29,994 | 29,994 | 100% | 40,398 | 40,398 | 100%
Savings accounts | 52,989 | 52,989 | 100% | 57,369 | 57,369 | 100%
Time deposits | 118,994 | 414,479 | 29% | 103,569 | 403,686 | 26%
Interbank deposit | 1,207 | 6,022 | 20% | 1,058 | 5,850 | 18%
Funds from acceptances and issuance of securities | 11,414 | 177,693 | 6% | 11,237 | 151,686 | 7%
Borrowings and Onlendings | 13,175 | 109,594 | 12% | 9,959 | 105,768 | 9%
Subordinated Debts / Debt Instruments Eligible to Compose Capital | - | 28,305 | - | - | 23,125 | -
Total | 227,773 | 819,076 | 28% | 223,590 | 787,882 | 28%
Schedule of assets and liabilities in accordance with the remaining contractual maturities, considering the undiscounted flows |
Schedule of assets and liabilities in accordance with the remaining contractual maturities, considering the undiscounted flows |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2025
|  |  |  |  | In millions of Reais
Future Cash Flows Except for Derivatives | On Demand | Up to 3 Months | 3 to 12 Months | 1 to 5 years | Above 5 years | Total
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets measured at fair value in income | - | - | 128 | 812 | - | 939
Debt instruments | - | - | 128 | 812 | - | 939
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss | 14,994 | 51,830 | 31,075 | 62,476 | 32,914 | 193,289
Debt instruments | 14,994 | 19,991 | 27,020 | 46,850 | 29,617 | 138,473
Equity Instruments | - | 36 | - | 80 | - | 115
Derivatives | - | 31,803 | 4,055 | 15,546 | 3,297 | 54,701
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income | 3,199 | 14,388 | 20,046 | 25,527 | 40,841 | 104,002
Debt instruments | 3,199 | 14,388 | 20,046 | 25,527 | 40,841 | 104,002
Equity Instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets measured at amortized cost | 100,040 | 133,537 | 218,381 | 265,159 | 120,112 | 837,230
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit Institutions | 98,671 | 270 | 1,745 | 1,051 | - | 101,737
Loans and advances to customers | 1,366 | 125,775 | 192,447 | 227,364 | 86,822 | 633,775
Debt instruments | 3 | 7,492 | 24,189 | 36,744 | 33,290 | 101,718
Total | 118,233 | 199,755 | 269,630 | 353,974 | 193,867 | 1,135,460
Remunerated Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in Income Held for Trading | 49,415 | 28,051 | 1,414 | 4,892 | 878 | 84,650
Derivatives | 35 | 28,051 | 1,414 | 4,892 | 878 | 35,270
Short positions | 49,380 | - | - | - | - | 49,380
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 218,140 | 134,803 | 263,065 | 373,958 | 106,193 | 1,096,159
Deposits from credit institutions | 448 | 39,510 | 68,808 | 18,894 | 1,087 | 128,747
Customer deposits | 217,108 | 74,854 | 143,942 | 226,577 | 30 | 662,511
Bonds and securities | 584 | 20,439 | 50,315 | 128,487 | 76,744 | 276,569
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital | - | - | - | - | 28,332 | 28,332
Total | 267,555 | 162,854 | 264,479 | 378,850 | 107,071 | 1,180,809
|  |  |  |  | 2024
|  |  |  |  | In millions of Reais
Non-Discounted Future Flows Except Derivatives | On Demand | Up to 3 Months | 3 to 12 Months | 1 to 5 years | Above 5 years | Total
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets measured at fair value in income | - | - | 121 | 1,283 | - | 1,404
Debt instruments | - | - | 121 | 1,283 | - | 1,404
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss | 10,844 | 7,206 | 32,461 | 66,004 | 42,695 | 159,210
Debt instruments | 10,844 | 1,550 | 26,706 | 48,954 | 37,497 | 125,551
Equity Instruments | - | 17 | - | 23 | - | 40
Derivatives | - | 5,639 | 5,755 | 17,027 | 5,198 | 33,619
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income | 2,931 | 7,339 | 6,576 | 81,687 | 44,655 | 143,188
Debt instruments | 2,931 | 7,339 | 6,576 | 81,687 | 44,655 | 143,188
Equity Instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets measured at amortized cost | 114,080 | 163,232 | 211,015 | 223,938 | 106,752 | 819,017
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit Institutions | 110,426 | 2,535 | 2,863 | 3,187 | - | 119,011
Loans and advances to customers | 3,373 | 150,960 | 181,405 | 198,944 | 88,425 | 623,107
Debt instruments | 281 | 9,737 | 26,747 | 21,807 | 18,327 | 76,899
Total | 127,855 | 177,777 | 250,173 | 372,912 | 194,102 | 1,122,819
Remunerated Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in Income Held for Trading | 39,403 | 2,529 | 1,958 | 6,497 | 1,206 | 51,593
Derivatives | 6 | 2,529 | 1,958 | 6,497 | 1,206 | 12,196
Short positions | 39,397 | - | - | - | - | 39,397
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 222,840 | 130,959 | 282,616 | 325,846 | 80,804 | 1,043,065
Deposits from credit institutions | 505 | 32,408 | 74,803 | 22,099 | 1,237 | 131,052
Customer deposits | 222,279 | 75,866 | 158,729 | 204,254 | 42 | 66,117
Bonds and securities | 56 | 22,685 | 49,084 | 99,493 | 56,183 | 227,501
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital | - | - | - | - | 23,342 | 23,342
Total | 262,243 | 133,488 | 284,574 | 332,343 | 82,010 | 1,094,658
Schedule of quantitative risk analysis |
Schedule of quantitative risk analysis |  |  |
Million of Reais | 2025 | 2024 | 2023
Sensibilities |  |  |
Net Interest Margin | 369 | 798 | 754
Fair value of Equity | 1,664 | 2,643 | 1,924
Value at Risk - Balance |  |  |
VaR | 469 | 731 | 415
Schedule of trading portfolio |
Schedule of trading portfolio |  |  |  |
Thousand of Reais |  | 2025
Trading Book |  |  |  |
Risk Factor | Description | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3
Interest Rate - Reais | Exposures subject to changes in interest fixed rate | (2,631) | (75,831) | (151,662)
Coupon Interest Rate | Exposures subject to changes in coupon rate of interest rate | (97) | (1,193) | (2,386)
Inflation | Exposures subject to change in coupon rates of price indexes | (312) | (2,459) | (4,917)
Coupon - US Dollar | Exposures subject to changes in coupon US Dollar rate | (7,475) | (67,976) | (135,952)
Coupon - Other Currencies | Exposures subject to changes in coupon foreign currency rate | (844) | (6,166) | (12,331)
Foreign currency | Exposures subject to foreign exchange | (6,399) | (159,984) | (319,968)
Eurobond/Treasury/Global | Exposures subject to Interest Rate Variation on Papers Traded on the International Market | (6,634) | (59,608) | (119,215)
Shares and Indexes | Exposures subject to change in shares price | (907) | (22,679) | (45,357)
Commodities | Exposures subject to change in commodities' prices | (16) | (405) | (809)
Total (1) |  | (25,315) | (396,301) | (792,597)
(1) | Net amounts after tax effects
Schedule of portfolio banking |
Schedule of portfolio banking |  |  |  |
Thousand of Reais |  | 2025
Banking Book |  |  |  |
Risk Factor | Description | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scenario 3
Interest Rate - Reais | Exposures subject to changes in interest fixed rate | (28,437) | (1,169,821) | (2,443,556)
TR and Long-Term Interest Rate (TJLP) | Exposures subject to TR and TJLP Coupon Variation | (33,000) | (1,263,118) | (2,370,683)
Inflation | Exposures subject to change in coupon rates of price indexes | (44,311) | (761,382) | (1,401,492)
Coupon - US Dollar | Exposures subject to changes in coupon US Dollar rate | (4,045) | (124,407) | (229,753)
Coupon - Other Currencies | Exposures subject to changes in coupon foreign currency rate | (2,663) | (26,376) | (52,505)
International Market Interest Rate | Exposures subject to Variation in the Interest Rate of Securities Traded in the International Market | (632) | (323,146) | (732,533)
Foreign currency | Exposures subject to foreign exchange | (1,205) | (30,114) | (60,228)
Total (1) |  | (114,293) | (3,698,364) | (7,290,750)
(1) | Net amounts after tax effects.
Schedule of economic capital model |
Schedule of economic capital model |  |
% Capital | 2025 | 2024
Risk Type |  |
Credit | 49% | 48%
Market | 2% | 2%
ALM | 3% | 5%
Business | 9% | 8%
Operational | 5% | 7%
Fixed Assets | 1% | 1%
Intangible Assets | 1% | 2%
Pension Funds | 1% | 1%
Deferred Tax Assets | 29% | 26%
TOTAL | 100% | 100%
However, as a commercial bank, Credit is Banco Santander's main source of risk and the evolution of its portfolio is one of the main factors for its fluctuation. RoRAC Banco Santander Brasil has been using RORAC, with the following objectives: - Analyze and establish a minimum price for operations (admissions) and customers (monitoring). - Estimate the capital consumption for each client, economic group, portfolio, or business segment to optimize the allocation of economic capital, thereby maximizing the Bank's efficiency. - Measure and track the performance of the business. - To assess the operations of global clients, the calculation of economic capital incorporates specific variables employed in determining expected and unexpected losses. These variables include: - Counterparty rating. - Maturity. - Guarantees. - Nature of financing. Economic value added is determined by the cost of capital. To generate value for shareholders, the minimum return from operations must exceed Banco Santander's cost of capital.

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