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Risk management (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Risk Management  
Schedule of internal risk rating levels
     
Thousand of Reais   2025 2024
       
By maturity      
Less than 1 Year   321,881,721 320,774,167
Between 1 and 5 years   200,999,057 199,768,489
More than 5 years   79,159,211 79,145,188
Loans and advances to customers, gross   602,039,989 599,687,844
       
By internal classification of risk      
Low   411,269,061 443,671,010
Medium-low   135,638,317 105,285,608
Medium   18,147,181 16,421,302
Medium-High   11,600,825 11,575,874
High   25,384,605 22,734,050
Loans and advances to customers, gross   602,039,989 599,687,844
Schedule of expected loan losses
       
        2025
      Probability of default Default loss
    Exposure
   
     
Commercial and industrial   246,928,346 6% 43%
Real Estate Credit - construction   70,157,866 10% 9%
Individual loans   281,358,798 12% 54%
Leasing   3,594,979 2% 42%
         
        2024
    Exposure Probability of default Default loss
Commercial and industrial   241,177,143 5% 39%
Real Estate Credit - construction   64,820,223 10% 9%
Individual loans   290,347,271 10% 62%
Leasing   3,343,207 2% 42%
         
Schedule of evolution of the main credit indicators
   
  2025 2024
 
Credit risk exposure - customers (Thousand of Reais) 778,881,139 750,357,060
   Loans and advances to customers, gross (note 9) 602,039,987 599,687,844
   Contingent Liabilities - Guarantees and other sureties (note 43.a) 58,917,343 64,387,753
   Private securities 117,923,809 86,281,463
Non-performing loans ratio (%) 8.12% 7.03%
Impairment coverage ratio (%) 83.22% 84.44%
Specific credit loss provisions, net of RAWO (*) (Thousand of Reais) 40,694,182 35,668,907

Data prepared based on management criteria and accounting criteria of the controlling unit.

(*) RAWO = Recoveries of Assets Written Off at Loss

    
Schedule of position of accounts subject to interest rate risk
           
          2025
        In millions of Reais
Position of accounts subject to interest rate risk On Demand

Up to

3 Months

 3 to 12 Months 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Total
Interest-earning assets:            
Financial assets measured at fair value in income - - 128 812 - 940
Debt instruments - - 128 812 - 940
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss  10,493 45,929 22,998 48,620 24,333 152,373
Debt instruments 10,493 14,090 18,943 32,994 21,036 97,556
Equity instruments - 36 - 80 - 116
Derivatives - 31,803 4,055 15,546 3,297 54,701

 

Financial assets not intended for trading Mandatory measured at the fair value of the result - - - - 173 173
Debt instruments - - - - 173 173
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income 2,299 10,161 15,195 18,318 28,581 74,554
Debt instruments 2,299 10,161 15,195 18,318 28,581 74,554
Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost 99,986 104,415 161,223 262,885 90,007 718,516
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit institutions  98,671 291 1,823 1,045 - 101,830
Loans and advances to customers 735 102,261 133,145 205,986 63,196 505,323
Debt Instruments 580 1,863 26,255 55,854 26,811 111,363
Total 112,778 160,505 199,544 330,634 143,094 946,555
             
Remunerated Liabilities:          
             
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in income Held for Trading 49,415 28,051 1,414 4,892 878 84,650
Derivatives  35 28,051 1,414 4,892 878 35,270
Short Positions 49,380 - - - - 49,380
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 170,248 129,579 235,321 280,848 30,669 846,665
Deposits from credit institutions  447 39,764 66,223 16,787 178 123,399
Customer deposits 169,801 58,543 112,578 177,206 23 518,151
Bonds and securities - 31,272 56,520 86,855 2,136 176,783
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital - - - - 28,332 28,332
Total 219,663 157,630 236,735 285,740 31,547 931,315
             
          2024
        In millions of Reais
Position of Accounts Subject to Interest Rate Risk On Demand

Up to

3 Months

 3 to 12 Months 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Total
Interest-earning assets:            
Financial assets measured at fair value in income - - 121 1,283 - 1,404
Debt instruments - - 121 1,283 - 1,404
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss   7,700 6,779 24,793 52,083 32,175 123,530
Debt instruments 7,700 1,123 19,038 35,033 26,977 89,871
Equity instruments - 17 - 23 - 40
Derivatives - 5,639 5,755 17,027 5,198 33,619
Financial assets not intended for trading Mandatory measured at the fair value of the result - - - - 209 209
Debt instruments - - - - 209 209
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income 2,183 5,258 4,977 59,238 31,711 103,367
Debt instruments 2,183 5,258 4,977 59,238 31,711 103,367
Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost 113,264 107,139 153,954 234,133 70,674 679,164
Loans and Other Amounts with Credit institutions  110,426 2,020 2,197 3,910 - 118,553
Loans and advances to customers 2,557 98,218 138,836 193,061 61,220 493,892
Debt Instruments 281 6,901 12,921 37,162 9,454 66,719
Total 123,147 119,176 183,845 346,737 134,560 907,465
             
Interest-bearing liabilities:            
Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in income Held for Trading 39,403 2,529 1,958 6,497 1,206 51,593
Derivatives  6 2,529 1,958 6,497 1,206 12,196
Short Positions 39,397 - - - - 39,397
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 174,985 116,741 249,441 242,650 32,136 815,953
Deposits from credit institutions 508 32,060 68,882 21,268 326 123,044
Customer deposits 174,477 59,547 124,584 160,324 33 518,965
Bonds and securities - 25,134 55,975 61,058 8,435 150,602
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital - - - - 23,342 23,342
Total 214,388 119,270 251,399 249,147 33,342 867,546
             
Schedule of position of accounts subject to currency risk
             
Currency Risk            
            2025
        In millions of Reais
  Asset:     Dollar Euro Others Total
  Cash/Applications/Debt Instruments     175,247 7,950 2,686 185,883
  Loans and advances to customers     3,866 5,610 1,485 10,961
  Derivatives     349,167 15,713 8,834 373,714
  Others     51,530 - - 51,530
  Total     579,810 29,273 13,005 622,088
               
  Liabilities:     Dollar Euro Others Total
               
   Funding in foreign currency     181,855 8,881 3,711 194,447
  Derivatives     256,286 20,376 7,250 283,912
  Others     145,446 496 1,897 147,839
  Total     583,587 29,753 12,858 626,198
               
            2024
        In millions of Reais
               
               
  Asset:     Dollar Euro Others Total
    Cash/Applications/Debt Instruments     207,780 10,523 3,447 221,750
  Loans and advances to customers     5,629 1 565 6,195
  Derivatives     421,574 19,908 14,310 455,792
  Others     33,181 - - 33,181
  Total     668,164 30,432 18,322 716,918
               
  Liabilities:     Dollar Euro Others Total
               
  Funding in foreign currency     172,082 8,333 2,778 183,193
  Derivatives     384,550 25,804 12,402 422,756
  Others     116,669 501 2,778 119,948
  Total     673,301 34,638 17,958 725,897
Schedule of funding from customers
           
          In millions of Reais
Customers Funding 2025 2024
  0 a 30 days Total % 0 a 30 days Total %
Demand deposits 29,994 29,994 100% 40,398 40,398 100%
Savings accounts 52,989 52,989 100% 57,369 57,369 100%
Time deposits 118,994 414,479 29% 103,569 403,686 26%
Interbank deposit 1,207 6,022 20% 1,058 5,850 18%
Funds from acceptances and issuance of securities 11,414 177,693 6% 11,237 151,686 7%
Borrowings and Onlendings 13,175 109,594 12% 9,959 105,768 9%
Subordinated Debts / Debt Instruments Eligible to Compose Capital - 28,305 - - 23,125 -
Total 227,773 819,076 28% 223,590 787,882 28%
             
Schedule of assets and liabilities in accordance with the remaining contractual maturities, considering the undiscounted flows
           
          2025
          In millions of Reais
Future Cash Flows Except for Derivatives  On Demand

Up to

3 Months

 3 to 12 Months 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Total
Interest-earning assets:            
Financial assets measured at fair value in income - - 128 812 - 939
Debt instruments - - 128 812 - 939
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss 14,994 51,830 31,075 62,476 32,914 193,289
Debt instruments 14,994 19,991 27,020 46,850 29,617 138,473
Equity Instruments - 36 - 80 - 115
Derivatives - 31,803 4,055 15,546 3,297 54,701
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income 3,199 14,388 20,046 25,527 40,841 104,002
Debt instruments 3,199 14,388 20,046 25,527 40,841 104,002
Equity Instruments - - - - - -
Financial assets measured at amortized cost 100,040 133,537 218,381 265,159 120,112 837,230

Loans and Other Amounts with Credit

Institutions 

 98,671 270 1,745 1,051 - 101,737

 

Loans and advances to customers 1,366 125,775 192,447 227,364 86,822 633,775
Debt instruments 3 7,492 24,189 36,744 33,290 101,718
Total 118,233 199,755 269,630 353,974 193,867 1,135,460
             
Remunerated Liabilities:            

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in

Income Held for Trading

 49,415 28,051 1,414 4,892 878 84,650
Derivatives 35 28,051 1,414 4,892 878 35,270
Short positions 49,380 - - - - 49,380
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 218,140 134,803 263,065 373,958 106,193 1,096,159
Deposits from credit institutions 448 39,510 68,808 18,894 1,087 128,747
Customer deposits 217,108 74,854 143,942 226,577 30 662,511
Bonds and securities  584 20,439 50,315 128,487 76,744 276,569
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital - - - - 28,332 28,332
Total 267,555 162,854 264,479 378,850 107,071 1,180,809
             
          2024
          In millions of Reais
Non-Discounted Future Flows Except Derivatives On Demand

Up to

3 Months

 3 to 12 Months 1 to 5 years Above 5 years Total
Interest-earning assets:            
Financial assets measured at fair value in income - - 121 1,283 - 1,404
Debt instruments - - 121 1,283 - 1,404
Financial assets measured at fair value in profit or loss   10,844 7,206 32,461 66,004 42,695 159,210
Debt instruments 10,844 1,550 26,706 48,954 37,497 125,551
Equity Instruments - 17 - 23 - 40
Derivatives - 5,639 5,755 17,027 5,198 33,619
Financial assets measured at fair value in other comprehensive income 2,931 7,339 6,576 81,687 44,655 143,188
Debt instruments 2,931 7,339 6,576 81,687 44,655 143,188
Equity Instruments - - - - - -
Financial assets measured at amortized cost 114,080 163,232 211,015 223,938 106,752 819,017

Loans and Other Amounts with Credit

Institutions 

 110,426 2,535 2,863 3,187 - 119,011
Loans and advances to customers 3,373 150,960 181,405 198,944 88,425 623,107
Debt instruments 281 9,737 26,747 21,807 18,327 76,899
Total 127,855 177,777 250,173 372,912 194,102 1,122,819
             
             
Remunerated Liabilities:            

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value in

Income Held for Trading

 39,403 2,529 1,958 6,497 1,206 51,593
Derivatives 6 2,529 1,958 6,497 1,206 12,196
Short positions 39,397 - - - - 39,397
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 222,840 130,959 282,616 325,846 80,804 1,043,065
Deposits from credit institutions 505 32,408 74,803 22,099 1,237 131,052
Customer deposits 222,279 75,866 158,729 204,254 42 66,117
Bonds and securities  56 22,685 49,084 99,493 56,183 227,501
Debt Instruments Eligible to Capital - - - - 23,342 23,342
Total 262,243 133,488 284,574 332,343 82,010 1,094,658
Schedule of quantitative risk analysis
     
Million of Reais 2025 2024 2023
       
Sensibilities      
Net Interest Margin 369 798 754
Fair value of Equity 1,664 2,643 1,924
Value at Risk - Balance      
VaR 469 731 415
Schedule of trading portfolio
       
Thousand of Reais   2025
Trading Book        
Risk Factor Description Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
Interest Rate - Reais Exposures subject to changes in interest fixed rate (2,631) (75,831) (151,662)
Coupon Interest Rate Exposures subject to changes in coupon rate of interest rate (97) (1,193) (2,386)
Inflation Exposures subject to change in coupon rates of price indexes (312) (2,459) (4,917)
Coupon - US Dollar Exposures subject to changes in coupon US Dollar rate (7,475) (67,976) (135,952)
Coupon - Other Currencies Exposures subject to changes in coupon foreign currency  rate (844) (6,166) (12,331)
Foreign currency Exposures subject to foreign exchange (6,399) (159,984) (319,968)
Eurobond/Treasury/Global Exposures subject to Interest Rate Variation on Papers Traded on the International Market (6,634) (59,608) (119,215)
Shares and Indexes Exposures subject to change in shares price (907) (22,679) (45,357)
Commodities Exposures subject to change in commodities' prices (16) (405) (809)
Total (1)   (25,315) (396,301) (792,597)
(1) Net amounts after tax effects
Schedule of portfolio banking
       
Thousand of Reais    2025
Banking Book        
Risk Factor Description Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
Interest Rate - Reais Exposures subject to changes in interest fixed rate (28,437) (1,169,821) (2,443,556)
TR and Long-Term Interest Rate (TJLP) Exposures subject to TR and TJLP Coupon Variation (33,000) (1,263,118) (2,370,683)
Inflation Exposures subject to change in coupon rates of price indexes (44,311) (761,382) (1,401,492)
Coupon - US Dollar Exposures subject to changes in coupon US Dollar rate (4,045) (124,407) (229,753)
Coupon - Other Currencies Exposures subject to changes in coupon foreign currency  rate (2,663) (26,376) (52,505)
International Market Interest Rate Exposures subject to Variation in the Interest Rate of Securities Traded in the International Market (632) (323,146) (732,533)
Foreign currency Exposures subject to foreign exchange (1,205) (30,114) (60,228)
Total (1)    (114,293) (3,698,364) (7,290,750)
(1) Net amounts after tax effects.
Schedule of economic capital model
   
% Capital 2025 2024
Risk Type    
Credit 49% 48%
Market 2% 2%
ALM 3% 5%
Business 9% 8%
Operational 5% 7%
Fixed Assets 1% 1%
Intangible Assets 1% 2%
Pension Funds  1% 1%
Deferred Tax Assets 29% 26%
TOTAL 100% 100%

However, as a commercial bank, Credit is Banco Santander's main source of risk and the evolution of its portfolio is one of the main factors for its fluctuation.

RoRAC

Banco Santander Brasil has been using RORAC, with the following objectives:

- Analyze and establish a minimum price for operations (admissions) and customers (monitoring).

- Estimate the capital consumption for each client, economic group, portfolio, or business segment to optimize the allocation of economic capital, thereby maximizing the Bank's efficiency.

- Measure and track the performance of the business.

- To assess the operations of global clients, the calculation of economic capital incorporates specific variables employed in determining expected and unexpected losses. These variables include:

- Counterparty rating.

- Maturity.

- Guarantees.

- Nature of financing.

Economic value added is determined by the cost of capital. To generate value for shareholders, the minimum return from operations must exceed Banco Santander's cost of capital.