Yum! Brands Inc. Reports Third-Quarter 2008 EPS of $0.58 per share, 16% Growth; Confirms Full-Year EPS Growth Forecast of 12%, Excluding Special Items, and Announces Record International New Unit Development for 2008

LOUISVILLE, Ky.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Yum! Brands Inc. (NYSE: YUM) today reported results for the third quarter ended September 6, 2008.

David C. Novak, Chairman and CEO, said, “I’m pleased to report 10% worldwide system-sales growth and 16% EPS growth for the third quarter in spite of all the bad news surrounding the financial markets and the economy. Even though our system-sales growth was solid for the third quarter, earnings benefited from a favorable tax rate and substantial share buybacks which more than offset our weak profit performance in the U.S. We are confidently reaffirming our full-year forecast for 12% EPS growth based on our year-to-date 17% EPS growth and our fourth-quarter outlook for both strong global system-sales growth and double-digit operating profit growth.

“Importantly, the global strength of our business in 2008 is widespread and best demonstrated by sales growth performance for each of our divisions, with the notable exception of the KFC U.S. business. This year’s international expansion continues to be robust as we drive record new unit openings and profits in both China and Yum! Restaurants International (YRI). In the U.S., Taco Bell and Pizza Hut are both delivering solid same-store-sales and profit growth performance for the full year. Our KFC U.S. business continues to lag the rest of our global portfolio and is the driver of our underperforming profit in the U.S. business, along with unprecedented commodity inflation. We expect to turn around KFC performance in 2009 with the introduction of our successfully-tested Kentucky Grilled Chicken.

“It is noteworthy that each of our divisions generates positive cash flow even after allowing for capital spending to invest in our significant growth opportunities. In addition, our balance sheet and substantial worldwide cash flow are advantages going forward.

“Overall, the long-term fundamentals driving the growth of our global portfolio remain and continue to give us the unique ability to drive unparalleled new unit development and solid same-store-sales growth, while achieving industry leading return on invested capital. As a result, we remain confident in our business model and our ability to consistently deliver at least 10% EPS growth in 2009 and beyond.”

During the third quarter of 2008, we purchased 14 million shares at an average price of $35.17, or a total of $508 million. Year-to-date, we have purchased 42 million shares at an average price of $35.32, or a total of $1.5 billion. As a result, average diluted shares outstanding were down 10% year-over-year in the third quarter.

For 2008, we expect to return over $2 billion to shareholders through both dividends and significant share buybacks. Year-to-date, we have already returned $1.7 billion toward our goal of $2 billion.

Our full-year estimate is now a net $0.03 gain based on revised estimates of costs related to our U.S. business transformation including: refranchising gain/loss, restructuring and reinvestment charges. In the fourth quarter we now expect an estimated $0.05 special items loss.

Yum! Brands Inc. will host a conference call to review the company’s financial performance and strategies at 9:15 a.m. ET Wednesday, October 8, 2008. For U.S. callers, the number is 877/815-2029. For international callers, the number is 706/645-9271.

The call will be available for playback beginning at noon Eastern Time Wednesday, October 8, through midnight Friday, October 17. To access the playback, dial 800/642-1687 in the United States and 706/645-9291 internationally. The playback pass code is 65311659.

Online Access: The call and replay can be accessed via Yum! Brands’ investor website, www.yum.com/investors. Select “Management Presentations” from the left-hand menu. A podcast will be available within 24 hours of the end of the call.

Third-quarter restaurant-count details, definitions of terms, and segment-results reconciliation are available at www.yum.com/investors. Select “Earnings Releases” from the left-hand menu.

This announcement contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements include those identified by such words as may, will, expect, project, anticipate, believe, plan and other similar terminology. These “forward-looking” statements reflect management’s current expectations regarding future events and operating and financial performance and are based on currently available data. However, actual results are subject to future events and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ from those projected in this announcement. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that can cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, changes in global and local business, economic and political conditions in the countries and territories where Yum! Brands operates, including the effects of war and terrorist activities; changes in currency exchange and interest rates; changes in commodity, labor and other operating costs; changes in competition in the food industry, consumer preferences or perceptions concerning the products of the company and/or our competitors, spending patterns and demographic trends; the impact that any widespread illness or general health concern may have on our business and the economy of the countries in which we operate; the effectiveness of our operating initiatives and marketing, advertising and promotional efforts; new-product and concept development by Yum! Brands and other food-industry competitors; the success of our strategies for refranchising and international development and operations; the ongoing business viability of our franchise and license operators; our ability to secure distribution to our restaurants at competitive rates and to ensure adequate supplies of restaurant products and equipment in our stores; unexpected disruptions in our supply chain; publicity that may impact our business and/or industry; severe weather conditions; effects and outcomes of pending or future legal claims involving the company; changes in effective tax rates; our actuarially determined casualty loss estimates; new legislation and governmental regulations or changes in legislation and regulations and the consequent impact on our business; and changes in accounting policies and practices. Further information about factors that could affect Yum! Brands’ financial and other results are included in the company’s Forms 10-Q and 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Yum! Brands, Inc., based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the world’s largest restaurant company in terms of system restaurants, with more than 35,000 restaurants in over 100 countries and territories. The company is ranked #253 on the Fortune 500 List, with revenues in excess of $10 billion in 2007. Four of the company’s restaurant brands – KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silver’s – are the global leaders of the chicken, pizza, Mexican-style food and quick-service seafood categories, respectively. Outside the United States, the Yum! Brands system opened about four new restaurants each day of the year, making it the largest retail developer in the world. The company has consistently been recognized for its reward and recognition culture, diversity leadership, community giving, and consistent shareholder returns. Last year, the company launched the world’s largest private sector hunger relief effort, in partnership with the United Nations World Food Programme and other hunger relief agencies. This effort helped save over 1.6 million people from starvation in remote corners of the world, where hunger is most prevalent.


Yum! Brands, Inc. Consolidated Summary of Results (amounts in millions, except per share amounts) (unaudited)

	Quarter						% Change B/(W)	Year to date						% Change B/(W)
	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)
Company sales	$	2,482		$	2,243		11	$	6,899		$	6,258		10
Franchise and license fees		353			321		10		997			896		11
Total revenues		2,835			2,564		11		7,896			7,154		10

Costs and expenses, net
Food and paper		830			700		(19)		2,265			1,924		(18)
Payroll and employee benefits		575			544		(6)		1,682			1,585		(6)
Occupancy and other operating expenses		719			646		(11)		1,975			1,798		(10)
Company restaurant expenses		2,124			1,890		(12)		5,922			5,307		(12)

General and administrative expenses		305			281		(8)		898			830		(8)
Franchise and license expenses		18			12		(52)		45			30		(52)
Closures and impairment (income) expenses		3			(1	)	NM		9			12		NM
Refranchising (gain) loss		(8	)		—		NM		16			(5	)	NM
Other (income) expense		(14	)		(19	)	(26)		(140	)		(47	)	NM
Total costs and expenses, net		2,428			2,163		(12)		6,750			6,127		(10)

Operating profit		407			401		2		1,146			1,027		12
Interest expense, net		47			38		(28)		152			112		(36)
Income before income taxes		360			363		(1)		994			915		9
Income tax provision		78			93		16		234			237		1
Net income	$	282		$	270		5	$	760		$	678		12

Effective tax rate		21.6	%		25.5	%			23.5	%		25.9	%

Basic EPS Data
EPS	$	0.60		$	0.52		16	$	1.59		$	1.28		24
Average shares outstanding		470			523		10		479			528		9

Diluted EPS Data
EPS	$	0.58		$	0.50		16	$	1.53		$	1.24		23
Average shares outstanding		487			541		10		496			546		9

Dividends declared per common share	$	—		$	—			$	0.34		$	0.15

See accompanying notes.

Yum! Brands, Inc. CHINA DIVISION Operating Results (amounts in millions) (unaudited)

	Quarter						% Change B/(W)	Year to date						% Change B/(W)
	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)

Company sales	$	854		$	581		47	$	2,049		$	1,351		52
Franchise and license fees		20			19		3		48			44		8
Revenues		874			600		46		2,097			1,395		50

Company restaurant expenses, net
Food and paper		320			209		(53)		769			485		(58)
Payroll and employee benefits		107			68		(59)		276			172		(61)
Occupancy and other operating expenses		249			170		(47)		600			404		(49)
		676			447		(51)		1,645			1,061		(55)
General and administrative expenses		45			35		(27)		121			90		(34)
Franchise and license expenses		—			—		NM		—			—		NM
Closures and impairment (income) expenses		1			2		NM		3			4		NM
Other (income) expense		(9	)		(19	)	(49)		(24	)		(36	)	(32)
		713			465		(53)		1,745			1,119		(56)
Operating profit	$	161		$	135		19	$	352		$	276		27

Company sales		100.0	%		100.0	%			100.0	%		100.0	%
Food and paper		37.4			36.0		(1.4) ppts.		37.5			35.9		(1.6) ppts.
Payroll and employee benefits		12.6			11.7		(0.9) ppts.		13.5			12.7		(0.8) ppts.
Occupancy and other operating expenses		29.1			29.1		— ppts.		29.3			29.9		0.6 ppts.
Restaurant margin		20.9	%		23.2	%	(2.3) ppts.		19.7	%		21.5	%	(1.8) ppts.

See accompanying notes. China Division includes mainland China, Thailand and KFC Taiwan As discussed in (d) in the accompanying notes, we began consolidating an entity in China, with 182 units, in which we have a majority interest, on January 1, 2008. This entity was previously accounted for as an unconsolidated affiliate. For the quarter ended September 6, 2008 the consolidation of this entity increased Company sales by $86 million, Company restaurant expenses by $65 million, General and administrative expenses by $1 million and Operating profit by $3 million while decreasing Franchise and license fees and Other income by $6 million and $11 million, respectively. For the year to date ended September 6, 2008 the consolidation of this entity increased Company sales by $200 million, Company restaurant expenses by $155 million, General and administrative expenses by $4 million and Operating profit by $5 million while decreasing Franchise and license fees and Other income by $13 million and $23 million, respectively.

Yum! Brands, Inc. INTERNATIONAL DIVISION Operating Results (amounts in millions) (unaudited)

	Quarter						% Change B/(W)	Year to date						% Change B/(W)
	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)

Company sales	$	588		$	603		(2)	$	1,717		$	1,737		(1)
Franchise and license fees		160			137		17		454			380		20
Revenues		748			740		1		2,171			2,117		3

Company restaurants expenses, net
Food and paper		186			180		(4)		539			518		(4)
Payroll and employee benefits		154			155		1		448			452		1
Occupancy and other operating expenses		181			188		4		530			546		3
		521			523		—		1,517			1,516		—
General and administrative expenses		86			84		(4)		249			239		(4)
Franchise and license expenses		5			5		11		12			11		(8)
Closures and impairment (income) expenses		(2	)		1		NM		(3	)		8		NM
Other (income) expense		—			—		NM		(1	)		(4	)	(84)
		610			613		—		1,774			1,770		—
Operating profit	$	138		$	127		9	$	397		$	347		14

Company sales		100.0	%		100.0	%			100.0	%		100.0	%
Food and paper		31.8			29.9		(1.9) ppts.		31.5			29.8		(1.7) ppts.
Payroll and employee benefits		26.1			25.7		(0.4) ppts.		26.1			26.0		(0.1) ppts.
Occupancy and other operating expenses		30.7			31.2		0.5 ppts.		30.8			31.5		0.7 ppts.
Restaurant margin		11.4	%		13.2	%	(1.8) ppts.		11.6	%		12.7	%	(1.1) ppts.

Operating margin		18.4	%		17.2	%	1.2 ppts.		18.3	%		16.4	%	1.9 ppts.

See accompanying notes.

Yum! Brands, Inc. UNITED STATES Operating Results (amounts in millions) (unaudited)

	Quarter						% Change B/(W)	Year to date						% Change B/(W)
	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)	9/6/08			9/8/07			% Change B/(W)

Company sales	$	1,040		$	1,059		(2)	$	3,133		$	3,170		(1)
Franchise and license fees		173			165		5		495			472		5
Revenues		1,213			1,224		(1)		3,628			3,642		—

Company restaurants expenses, net
Food and paper		324			311		(4)		957			921		(4)
Payroll and employee benefits		314			321		2		958			961		—
Occupancy and other operating expenses		289			288		(1)		845			848		—
		927			920		(1)		2,760			2,730		(1)
General and administrative expenses		113			114		1		348			353		2
Franchise and license expenses		11			7		(75)		28			19		(51)
Closures and impairment (income) expenses		4			(4	)	NM		9			—		NM
Other (income) expense		—			—		NM		—			(3	)	NM
		1,055			1,037		(2)		3,145			3,099		(1)
Operating profit	$	158		$	187		(16)	$	483		$	543		(11)

Company sales		100.0	%		100.0	%			100.0	%		100.0	%
Food and paper		31.1			29.4		(1.7) ppts.		30.5			29.0		(1.5) ppts.
Payroll and employee benefits		30.2			30.4		0.2 ppts.		30.6			30.3		(0.3) ppts.
Occupancy and other operating expenses		27.9			27.2		(0.7) ppts.		27.0			26.8		(0.2) ppts.
Restaurant margin		10.8	%		13.0	%	(2.2) ppts.		11.9	%		13.9	%	(2.0) ppts.

Operating margin		13.0	%		15.2	%	(2.2) ppts.		13.3	%		14.9	%	(1.6) ppts.

See accompanying notes.

Yum! Brands, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (amounts in millions)

	(unaudited)
	9/6/08		12/29/07
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	294	$	789
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance: $24 in 2008 and $21 in 2007		251		225
Inventories		157		128
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		180		142
Deferred income taxes		153		125
Advertising cooperative assets, restricted		103		72
Total Current Assets		1,138		1,481

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $3,418 in 2008 and $3,283 in 2007		3,884		3,849
Goodwill		656		672
Intangible assets, net		322		333
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates		57		153
Other assets		572		464
Deferred income taxes		191		290
Total Assets	$	6,820	$	7,242
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	$	1,476	$	1,650
Income taxes payable		101		52
Short-term borrowings		23		288
Advertising cooperative liabilities		103		72
Total Current Liabilities		1,703		2,062

Long-term debt		3,596		2,924
Other liabilities and deferred credits		1,155		1,117
Total Liabilities		6,454		6,103

Shareholders’ Equity
Common stock, no par value, 750 shares authorized; 462 shares and 499 shares issued in 2008 and 2007, respectively		9		—
Retained earnings		349		1,119
Accumulated other comprehensive income		8		20
Total Shareholders’ Equity		366		1,139
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	6,820	$	7,242

See accompanying notes.

Yum! Brands, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (amounts in millions) (unaudited)

	Year to date
	9/6/08			9/8/07
Cash Flows – Operating Activities
Net income	$	760		$	678
Depreciation and amortization		389			362
Closures and impairment (income) expenses		9			12
Refranchising (gain) loss		16			(5	)
Gain on sale of interest in Japan unconsolidated affiliate		(100	)		—
Deferred income taxes		(13	)		(32	)
Equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates		(33	)		(40	)
Distributions of income received from unconsolidated affiliates		40			28
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation		(27	)		(44	)
Share-based compensation expense		44			43
Changes in accounts and notes receivable		(18	)		(19	)
Changes in inventories		(16	)		(1	)
Changes in prepaid expenses and other current assets		(27	)		4
Changes in accounts payable and other current liabilities		11			39
Changes in income taxes payable		24			82
Other non-cash charges and credits, net		81			58
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		1,140			1,165

Cash Flows – Investing Activities
Capital spending		(571	)		(391	)
Proceeds from refranchising of restaurants		142			83
Acquisition of restaurants from franchisees		(9	)		—
Sales of property, plant and equipment		58			42
Other, net		(8	)		10
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(388	)		(256	)

Cash Flows – Financing Activities
Proceeds from long-term debt		375			—
Repayments of long-term debt		(260	)		(11	)
Revolving credit facilities, three months or less, net		305			315
Short-term borrowings by original maturity
More than three months – proceeds		—			1
More than three months – payments		—			(184	)
Three months or less, net		(15	)		(3	)
Repurchase shares of Common Stock		(1,513	)		(774	)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation		27			44
Employee stock option proceeds		51			78
Dividends paid on Common Stock		(234	)		(196	)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities		(1,264	)		(730	)
Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash and Cash Equivalents		—			9
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(512	)		188
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents due to consolidation of an Entity in China		17			—
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning of Period	$	789		$	319
Cash and Cash Equivalents - End of Period	$	294		$	507
See accompanying notes.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measurements to GAAP Results
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") throughout this document, the Company has provided non-GAAP measurements which present operating results in 2008 on a basis before Special Items. Included in Special Items are the gain on the sale of our minority interest in our Japan unconsolidated affiliate, U.S. refranchising (gain) loss, charges relating to U.S. General and Administrative ("G&A") productivity initiatives and realignment of resources, as well as investments in our U.S. Brands. These amounts are described in (e) and (f) in the accompanying notes.

The Company uses earnings before Special Items as a key performance measure of results of operations for the purpose of evaluating performance internally. This non-GAAP measurement is not intended to replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. Rather, the Company believes that the presentation of earnings before Special Items provides additional information to investors to facilitate the comparison of past and present operations, excluding items in 2008 that the Company does not believe are indicative of our ongoing operations due to their size and/or nature.

	Quarter			Year to date
	9/6/08			9/6/08
Detail of Special Items
Gain of the sale of our interest in our Japan unconsolidated affiliate	$	—		$	(100	)
U.S. Refranchising (gain) loss		(3	)		22
Charges relating to U.S. G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources		1			8
Investments in our U.S. Brands		2			5
Total Special Items (Income) Expense		—			(65	)

Tax on Special Items		—			24

Special Items (Income) Expense, net of tax	$	—		$	(41	)

Average diluted shares outstanding		487			496

Special Items diluted EPS	$	—		$	0.08


Reconciliation of Operating Profit Before Special Items to Reported Operating Profit
Operating Profit before Special Items	$	407		$	1,081
Special Items Income (Expense)		—			65
Reported Operating Profit	$	407		$	1,146

Reconciliation of EPS Before Special Items to Reported EPS
Diluted EPS before Special Items	$	0.58		$	1.45
Special Items EPS		—			0.08
Reported EPS	$	0.58		$	1.53


Notes to the Consolidated Summary of Results, Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

(a)		Percentages may not recompute due to rounding.

(b)		Amounts presented as of and for the quarter and year to date ended September 6, 2008 are preliminary.

(c)		China Division Other (income) expense includes equity income from our investments in unconsolidated affiliates. In the year to date ended September 6, 2008, Unallocated Other (income) expense includes the pre-tax gain on the sale of our unconsolidated affiliate in Japan (see Note e).

(d)		On January 1, 2008 we began consolidating an entity in China in which we have a majority interest. This entity was previously accounted for as an unconsolidated affiliate. For the quarter ended September 6, 2008 the consolidation of this entity increased Company sales by $86 million, Company restaurant expenses by $65 million, G&A expenses by $1 million and Operating Profit by $3 million (net of a minority interest of $4 million) while decreasing Franchise and license fees and Other income by $6 million and $11 million, respectively. For the year to date ended September 6, 2008 the consolidation of this entity increased Company sales by $200 million, Company restaurant expenses by $155 million, G&A expenses by $4 million and Operating profit by $5 million (net of a minority interest of $8 million) while decreasing Franchise and license fees and Other income by $13 million and $23 million, respectively. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 6, 2008 reflects the consolidation of this entity; with Investment in unconsolidated affiliates reduced, the entity's balance sheet consolidated and a minority interest reflected in Other liabilities and deferred credits.

(e)		During December 2007, we sold our interest in our unconsolidated affiliate in Japan for $128 million in cash (includes the impact of related foreign currency contracts that were settled in 2007). Our international subsidiary that owned this interest operates on a fiscal calendar with a period end that is approximately one month earlier than our consolidated period close. Thus, consistent with our historical treatment of events occurring during the lag period, the pre-tax gain on the sale of this investment was recorded in the quarter ended March 22, 2008 as other income and was not allocated to any segment for reporting purposes. However, the cash proceeds from this transaction were transferred from our international subsidiary to the U.S. in December 2007 and were thus reported on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 29, 2007. Additionally, this transaction has been reflected as a Special Item for certain performance measures (see accompanying reconciliation to reported results). Our Investment in unconsolidated affiliates decreased as a result of the sale of our unconsolidated affiliate in Japan.

(f)		As part of our plan to transform our U.S. business we are taking several measures in 2008 that we do not believe are indicative of our ongoing operations. These measures include: expansion of our U.S. refranchising, potentially reducing our Company ownership in the U.S. to below 10% by the year end 2010; charges relating to G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources (primarily severance and early retirement costs); and investments in our U.S. Brands made on behalf of our franchisees such as equipment purchases. We have traditionally not allocated refranchising (gains) losses for segment reporting purposes and will not allocate the costs associated with the productivity initiatives, realignment of resources and investments in our U.S. Brands to the U.S. segment. Additionally, these items have been reflected as Special Items for certain performance measures (see accompanying reconciliation to reported results).

CONTACT:
Yum! Brands Inc.
Analysts:
Tim Jerzyk, 888-298-6986
Senior Vice President, Investor Relations/Treasurer
or
Bruce Bishop, 888-298-6986
Director Investor Relations
or
Media:
Amy Sherwood, 502-874-8200
Vice President Public Relations


	Third Quarter			Year-to-Date
	2008	2007	% Change	2008	2007	% Change
EPS Excluding Special Items	$0.58	$0.50	+16%	$1.45	$1.24	+17%
Special Items¹	$0.00	--	NM	$0.08	--	NM
EPS	$0.58	$0.50	+16%	$1.53	$1.24	+23%

¹ See Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measurements to GAAP Results for further detail.

2008 Third-Quarter End Dates		2008 Fourth-Quarter End Dates
International Division	8/11/2008	International Division	12/1/2008
China Division	8/31/2008	China Division	12/31/2008
U.S. Business	9/6/2008	U.S. Business	12/27/2008

	Third Quarter			Year-To-Date
($ million, except restaurant counts and percentages)
($ million, except restaurant counts and percentages)	2008	2007	% Change	2008	2007	% Change

Traditional Restaurants	17,825	17,999	(1)	17,825	17,999	(1)
Same-Store-Sales Growth %
System	+3	+1	NM	+3	(1)	NM
Company	+4	(1)	NM	+4	(3)	NM
Franchisee Sales	3,384	3,215	+5	9,659	9,244	+4
Company Sales	1,040	1,059	(2)	3,133	3,170	(1)
Franchise & License Fees	173	165	+5	495	472	+5
Restaurant Margin %	10.8	13.0	(2.2)	11.9	13.9	(2.0)
Operating Profit	158	187	(16)	483	543	(11)
Operating Margin %	13.0	15.2	(2.2)	13.3	14.9	(1.6)