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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income before income taxes U.S. and foreign income before taxes are set forth below:

 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
U.S.
 
$
366

 
$
479

 
$
506

Foreign
 
952

 
782

 
868

 
 
$
1,318

 
$
1,261

 
$
1,374
Details of income tax provision (benefit) The details of our income tax provision (benefit) are set forth below:

 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Current:
 
Federal
 
$
123

 
$
268

 
$
239

 
 
Foreign
 
161

 
131

 
173

 
 
State
 
13

 
28

 
2

 
 
 
 
$
297

 
$
427

 
414

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred:
 
Federal
 
$
18

 
$
(117
)
 
(34
)
 
 
Foreign
 
3

 
15

 
(13
)
 
 
State
 
6

 
—

 
1

 
 
 
 
$
27

 
$
(102
)
 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
 
$
324


$
325


$
368
Effective income tax and tax rate reconciliation The reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the U.S. federal statutory rate to our effective tax rate is set forth below:

 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
U.S. federal statutory rate
 
$
461

 
35.0
 %
 
$
441

 
35.0
 %
 
$
481

 
35.0
 %
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit
 
15

 
1.1

 
12

 
0.9

 
8

 
0.6

Statutory rate differential attributable to foreign operations
 
(136
)
 
(10.3
)
 
(180
)
 
(14.3
)
 
(147
)
 
(10.7
)
Adjustments to reserves and prior years
 
(11
)
 
(0.9
)
 
13

 
1.0

 
2

 
0.1

Change in valuation allowances
 
(3
)
 
(0.2
)
 
41

 
3.3

 
22

 
1.6

Other, net
 
(2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
2

 
0.1

Effective income tax rate
 
$
324

 
24.6
 %
 
$
325

 
25.8
 %
 
$
368

 
26.7
 %
Details of deferred tax assets (liabilities) The details of 2016 and 2015 deferred tax assets (liabilities) are set forth below:

 
 
2016
 
2015
Operating losses
 
$
172

 
$
157

Capital losses
 
184

 
41

Tax credit carryforwards
 
284

 
282

Employee benefits
 
185

 
152

Share-based compensation
 
100

 
121

Self-insured casualty claims
 
32

 
35

Lease-related liabilities
 
65

 
69

Various liabilities
 
56

 
64

Property, plant and equipment
 
37

 
33

Deferred income and other
 
32

 
51

Gross deferred tax assets
 
1,147

 
1,005

Deferred tax asset valuation allowances
 
(195
)
 
(205
)
Net deferred tax assets
 
$
952

 
$
800

Intangible assets, including goodwill
 
$
(107
)
 
$
(111
)
Property, plant and equipment
 
(46
)
 
(46
)
Other
 
(31
)
 
(60
)
Gross deferred tax liabilities
 
$
(184
)
 
$
(217
)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
 
$
768


$
583


Reported in Consolidated Balance Sheets as:
 
 
 
 
Deferred income taxes
 
$
774


$
591

Other liabilities and deferred credits
 
(6
)
 
(8
)
 
 
$
768


$
583
Loss carryforwards, by year of expiration These losses are being carried forward in jurisdictions where we are permitted to use tax losses from prior periods to reduce future taxable income and will expire as follows:

 
 
Year of Expiration
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2018-2021
 
2022-2035
 
Indefinitely
 
Total
Foreign
 
$
20

 
$
53

 
$
93

 
$
321

 
$
487

U.S. state
 
7

 
97

 
908

 
—

 
1,012

U.S. federal
 
—

 
524

 
220

 
—

 
744

 
 
$
27

 
$
674

 
$
1,221

 
$
321

 
$
2,243
Unrecognized tax benefits reconciliation A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits follows:
 
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning of Year
 
$
98

 
$
115

     Additions on tax positions - current year
 
—

 
—

     Additions for tax positions - prior years
 
1

 
5

     Reductions for tax positions - prior years
 
(5
)
 
(13
)
     Reductions for settlements
 
(1
)
 
(7
)
     Reductions due to statute expiration
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
     Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
—

 
—

End of Year
 
$
91

 
$
98
Summary of income tax examinations The accrued interest and penalties related to income taxes at December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015 are set forth below:
 
 
2016
 
2015
Accrued interest and penalties
 
$
9

 
$
15