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Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue Recognition [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy We adopted Topic 606 at the beginning of the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Below is a discussion of how our revenues are earned, our accounting policies pertaining to revenue recognition prior to adopting Topic 606 ("Legacy GAAP"), our accounting policies pertaining to revenue recognition subsequent to adopting Topic 606 and other required disclosures. Refer to Note 5 for information regarding the cumulative effect adjustment recorded to Accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the quarter ended March 31, 2018 to reflect the adoption of Topic 606. Also included in Note 5 is disclosure of the amount by which each balance sheet and income statement line item was affected in the current reporting period as compared to Legacy GAAP. Company Sales Revenues from the sale of food items by Company-owned restaurants are recognized as Company sales when a customer purchases the food, which is when our obligation to perform is satisfied. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to Company sales was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606. Franchise and Property Revenues Our most significant source of revenues arises from the operation of our Concept stores by our franchisees. Our franchise agreements require that the franchisee remit continuing fees to us as a percentage of the applicable restaurant’s sales in exchange for the license of the intellectual property associated with our Concepts' brands (the “franchise right”). Continuing fees represent the substantial majority of the consideration we receive under our franchise agreements. Franchise rights may be granted through store-level franchise agreements or through a master franchise agreement. Continuing fees are typically billed and paid monthly and are usually 4%-6% for store-level franchise agreements. Master franchise agreements transfer exclusive master franchise rights and administrative obligations, including control of advertising contributions, to master franchisees in certain regions who in turn grant sub-franchising rights to sub-franchisees. As a result of transferring administrative obligations to a master franchisee the percentage of a master franchisee’s restaurants’ sales that we receive as a continuing fee is less than the percentage we receive for restaurants operating under a store-level franchise agreement. Our franchise agreements also typically require certain, less significant, upfront franchise fees such as fees paid upon opening of a store, fees paid to renew the term of the franchise right and fees paid in the event the franchise agreement is transferred to another franchisee. Upfront franchise fees are typically billed and paid when the new franchise agreement becomes effective or when the agreement is transferred to another franchisee. Under Legacy GAAP, continuing fees from franchisees were recognized as the related sales occurred. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to continuing fees was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606 based on the application of the sales-based royalty exception within Topic 606. Under Legacy GAAP, revenue related to initial fees was recognized upon store opening and renewal and transfer fees were recognized when the related agreement became effective. Upon adopting Topic 606, we have determined that the services we provide in exchange for these upfront franchise fees are highly interrelated with the franchise right and are not distinct from the ongoing services we provide to our franchisees. As a result, upon adopting Topic 606 upfront franchise fees are recognized as revenue over the term of each respective franchise agreement. Revenues for these upfront franchise fees are recognized on a straight-line basis, which is consistent with the franchisee’s right to use and benefit from the intellectual property. Revenue from continuing fees and upfront franchise fees is presented within Franchise and property revenues in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additionally, from time-to-time we provide non-refundable consideration to franchisees in the form of cash or other incentives (e.g. cash payments to incent new unit openings and free or subsidized equipment). The Company’s intent in providing such consideration is to drive new unit development or same-store sales growth that will result in higher future revenues for the Company. Under Legacy GAAP, these payments were recognized when we were obligated to make the payment and were presented as either a reduction to Franchise and property revenues, if cash was provided directly to the franchisee, or as Franchise and property expenses, if cash was not provided directly to the franchisee. Upon adopting Topic 606, such payments are capitalized as assets and amortized as a reduction in Franchise and property revenues over the period of expected cash flows from the franchise agreements to which the payment relates. Revenues from franchisees related to their rental of restaurants we lease or sublease to them is recognized as it is earned. Rental income is billed and paid on a monthly basis. Revenues from rental agreements with franchisees are presented within Franchise and property revenues within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to the rental of restaurants we lease or sublease was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606. Franchise Contributions for Advertising and Other Services We participate in various advertising cooperatives with our franchisees established to collect and administer funds contributed for use in advertising and promotional programs designed to increase sales and enhance the reputation of the Company and its franchise owners, typically within a particular country. Contributions to the advertising cooperatives are required for both Company-owned and franchise restaurants and are generally based on a percentage of restaurant sales. Revenues for these services are billed and paid typically on a monthly basis. Under Legacy GAAP, receipts and expenditures related to advertising cooperatives we were required to consolidate were presented on a net basis in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Upon adopting the requirements of Topic 606 we act as a principal in the transaction based on our responsibility to define the nature of the goods or services and/or our responsibility to define which franchisees receive the benefit of the goods or services. Additionally, we have determined the advertising services provided to franchisees are highly interrelated with the franchise right and therefore not distinct. Franchisees remit to us a percentage of restaurant sales as consideration for providing the advertising services. As a result, revenues for advertising services are recognized when the related sales occur and are presented as Franchise contributions for advertising and other services. Expenses incurred to provide these services are presented as Franchise advertising and other services expense. On a much more limited basis, we provide goods or services to certain franchisees that are distinct from the franchise right. Such arrangements typically relate to supply chain, quality assurance and information technology services that are provided by a third party at our direction and that do not require integration with other goods or services we provide. The extent to which we provide such goods or services varies by brand, geographic region and, in some instances, franchisee. Similar to advertising services, receipts and expenditures related to these other services were presented on a net basis under Legacy GAAP. Upon adoption of Topic 606, revenues from the goods or services described above are presented as Franchise contributions for advertising and other services within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Expenses related to the provisioning of these goods and services are recorded in Franchise advertising and other services expense. Revenues are recognized as the goods or services are transferred to the franchisee and related expenses are recognized as incurred. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue transaction and collected from a customer are excluded from revenue under both Legacy GAAP and Topic 606. The following table disaggregates revenue by Concept and our most significant markets based on Operating Profit. We believe this disaggregation best reflects how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are impacted by economic factors.
| Quarter ended 3/31/2018
|  | KFC Division |  | Pizza Hut Division |  | Taco Bell Division |  | Total
U.S. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 273 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 44 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 236 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 2 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 158 |
China |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 54 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | 228 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 239 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 209 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 278 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 104 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 117 |
|  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |
Our contract liabilities are comprised of unamortized upfront fees received from franchisees. A summary of significant changes to the contract liability balance during the first quarter of 2018 is presented below.
|  | Deferred Franchise Fees
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 392 |
Revenue recognized that was included in unamortized upfront fees received from franchisees at the beginning of the period |  | (17 | )
Increases due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period |  | 20 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | $ | 395 |
We expect to recognize contract liabilities as revenue over the remaining term of the associated franchise agreement as follows:
Less than 1 year | $ | 56 |  |
1 - 2 years | 53 |  |
2 - 3 years | 49 |  |
3 - 4 years | 45 |  |
4 - 5 years | 40 |  |
Thereafter | 152 |  |
Total | $ | 395 |  |
We have applied the optional exemption, as provided for under Topic 606, which allows us to not disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the transaction price is a sales-based royalty.

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for recognizing unearned income or deferred revenue related to transactions involving the sale of a product or performance of services. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.B.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65893310&loc=d3e214044-122780 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84158767&loc=d3e18780-107790 + Details
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