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Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue Recognition [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy We adopted Topic 606 at the beginning of the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Below is a discussion of how our revenues are earned, our accounting policies pertaining to revenue recognition prior to the adoption of Topic 606 ("Legacy GAAP"), our accounting policies pertaining to revenue recognition subsequent to the adoption of Topic 606 and other required disclosures. Refer to Note 5 for information regarding the cumulative effect adjustment recorded to Accumulated deficit as of the beginning of the quarter ended March 31, 2018 to reflect the adoption of Topic 606. Also included in Note 5 is disclosure of the amount by which each balance sheet and income statement line item was impacted in the current reporting periods as compared to Legacy GAAP. Company Sales Revenues from the sale of food items by Company-owned restaurants are recognized as Company sales when a customer purchases the food, which is when our obligation to perform is satisfied. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to Company sales was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606. Franchise and Property Revenues Franchise Revenues Our most significant source of revenues arises from the operation of our Concept stores by our franchisees. Franchise rights may be granted through a store-level franchise agreement or through a master franchise agreement. Our franchise agreements require that the franchisee remit continuing fees to us as a percentage of the applicable restaurant’s sales in exchange for the license of the intellectual property associated with our Concepts' brands (the “franchise right”). Our franchise agreements also typically require certain, less significant, upfront franchise fees such as initial fees paid upon opening of a store, fees paid to renew the term of the franchise right and fees paid in the event the franchise agreement is transferred to another franchisee. Continuing fees represent the substantial majority of the consideration we receive under our franchise agreements. Continuing fees are typically billed and paid monthly and are usually 4%-6% for store-level franchise agreements. Master franchise agreements transfer exclusive master franchise rights and administrative obligations, including control of advertising contributions, to master franchisees in certain regions who in turn grant sub-franchising rights to sub-franchisees. As a result of transferring administrative obligations to a master franchisee the percentage of a master franchisee’s restaurants’ sales that we receive as a continuing fee (typically 3%) is less than the percentage we receive for restaurants operating under a store-level franchise agreement. Upfront franchise fees are typically billed and paid when a new franchise or sub-franchise agreement becomes effective or when an existing agreement is transferred to another franchisee or sub-franchisee. Under Legacy GAAP, continuing fees were recognized as the related sales occurred. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to continuing fees was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606 based on the application of the sales-based royalty exception within Topic 606. Under Legacy GAAP, revenue related to initial fees was recognized upon store opening and renewal and transfer fees were recognized when the related agreement became effective. Upon the adoption of Topic 606, we have determined that the services we provide in exchange for these upfront franchise fees are highly interrelated with the franchise right and are not individually distinct from the ongoing services we provide to our franchisees. As a result, upon the adoption of Topic 606, upfront franchise fees are recognized as revenue over the term of each respective franchise or sub-franchise agreement. Revenues for these upfront franchise fees are recognized on a straight-line basis, which is consistent with the franchisee’s or sub-franchisee's right to use and benefit from the intellectual property. Revenues from continuing fees and upfront franchise fees is presented within Franchise and property revenues in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additionally, from time-to-time we provide non-refundable consideration to franchisees in the form of cash or other incentives (e.g. cash payments to incent new unit openings, free or subsidized equipment, etc.). The Company’s intent in providing such consideration is to drive new unit development or same-store sales growth that will result in higher future revenues for the Company. Under Legacy GAAP, these payments were recognized when we were obligated to make the payment and were presented as either a reduction to Franchise and property revenues, if cash was provided directly to the franchisee, or as Franchise and property expenses, if cash was not provided directly to the franchisee. Due to the adoption of Topic 606, such payments are capitalized and presented within Prepaid expense and other current assets or Other assets. These capitalized balances are being amortized as a reduction in Franchise and property revenues over the period of expected cash flows from the franchise agreements to which the payment relates. Property Revenues From time to time, we enter into rental agreements with franchisees for the lease or sublease of restaurant locations. These rental agreements typically originate from refranchising transactions and revenues related to the agreements are recognized as they are earned. Amounts owed under the rental agreements are typically billed and paid on a monthly basis. Revenues from rental agreements with franchisees are presented within Franchise and property revenues within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Related expenses are presented as Franchise and property expenses within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and primarily include depreciation or, in the case of a sublease, rental expense. The timing and amount of revenue and expenses recognized related to the rental of restaurants we lease or sublease was not impacted by the adoption of Topic 606. Franchise Contributions for Advertising and Other Services Advertising Cooperatives We participate in various advertising cooperatives with our franchisees, typically within a country where we have both Company-owned restaurants and franchise restaurants. These advertising cooperatives are established to collect and administer funds contributed for use in advertising and promotional programs designed to increase sales and enhance the reputation of the Company and its franchise owners. Contributions to the advertising cooperatives are required for both Company-owned and franchise restaurants and are generally based on a percentage of restaurant sales. Revenues for these services are typically billed and paid on a monthly basis. We are required to spend all funds collected by advertising cooperatives we consolidate on advertising and promotional programs. Under Legacy GAAP, receipts and expenditures related to advertising cooperatives we were required to consolidate were presented on a net basis in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. In accordance with the provisions of Topic 606, we have determined we act as a principal in the transactions entered into by the advertising cooperatives we are required to consolidate based on our responsibility to define the nature of the goods or services provided and/or our responsibility to define which franchisees receive the benefit of the goods or services. Additionally, we have determined the advertising services provided to franchisees are highly interrelated with the franchise right and therefore not distinct. Franchisees remit to us a percentage of restaurant sales as consideration for providing the advertising services. As a result, revenues for advertising services are recognized when the related sales occur based on the application of the sales-based royalty exception within Topic 606. These revenues are presented as Franchise contributions for advertising and other services. Expenses incurred to provide these services are presented as Franchise advertising and other services expense. Other Services On a much more limited basis, we provide goods or services to certain franchisees that are individually distinct from the franchise right because they do not require integration with other goods or services we provide. Such arrangements typically relate to supply chain, quality assurance and information technology services. In instances where we rely on third parties to provide goods or services to franchisees at our direction, we have determined we act as a principal in these transactions. The extent to which we provide such goods or services varies by brand, geographic region and, in some instances, franchisee. Similar to advertising services, receipts and expenditures related to these other services were presented on a net basis under Legacy GAAP. Upon adoption of Topic 606, revenues from the goods or services described above are presented as Franchise contributions for advertising and other services within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Expenses related to the provisioning of these goods and services are recorded in Franchise advertising and other services expense. These revenues are recognized as the goods or services are transferred to the franchisee and related expenses are recognized as incurred. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue transaction and collected from a customer are excluded from revenue under both Legacy GAAP and Topic 606. Disaggregation of Total Revenues The following table disaggregates revenue by Concept, for our two most significant markets based on Operating Profit and for all other markets. We believe this disaggregation best reflects the extent to which the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are impacted by economic factors.
| Quarter ended 9/30/2018
|  | KFC Division |  | Pizza Hut Division |  | Taco Bell Division |  | Total
U.S. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  | $ | 288 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 46 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 248 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 3 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 170 |
China |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 52 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | 204 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 222 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 289 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 105 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 117 |
|  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |
| Year to date ended 9/30/2018
|  | KFC Division |  | Pizza Hut Division |  | Taco Bell Division |  | Total
U.S. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | 840 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 135 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 722 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 7 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 487 |
China |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 155 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 202 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company sales |  | 657 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 683 |
Franchise and property revenues |  | 647 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 849 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services |  | 307 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 347 |
|  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | 713 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | $ | 4,130 |
Contract Liabilities Our contract liabilities are comprised of unamortized upfront fees received from franchisees. A summary of significant changes to the contract liability balance during 2018 is presented below.
|  | Deferred Franchise Fees
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 392 |
Revenue recognized that was included in unamortized upfront fees received from franchisees at the beginning of the period |  | (47 | )
Increase for upfront fees associated with contracts that became effective during the period, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period |  | 61 |
Other(a) |  | (11 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 395 |
(a) | Includes impact of foreign currency translation as well as the recognition of deferred franchise fees into Refranchising (gain) loss upon the modification of existing franchise agreements when entering into master franchise agreements.
We expect to recognize contract liabilities as revenue over the remaining term of the associated franchise agreement as follows:
Less than 1 year | $ | 58 |  |
1 - 2 years | 53 |  |
2 - 3 years | 49 |  |
3 - 4 years | 45 |  |
4 - 5 years | 40 |  |
Thereafter | 150 |  |
Total | $ | 395 |  |
We have applied the optional exemption, as provided for under Topic 606, which allows us to not disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the transaction price is a sales-based royalty.

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