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Pension, Retiree Medical and Retiree Savings Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Funded status of pension plans
The following chart summarizes the balance sheet impact, as well as benefit obligations, assets, and funded status associated with our two significant U.S. pension plans.  The actuarial valuations for all plans reflect measurement dates coinciding with our fiscal year end.

 20202019
Change in benefit obligation:  
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$1,015 $873 
Service cost
Interest cost35 39 
Plan amendments
Special termination benefits— 
Benefits paid(46)(57)
Settlement payments— (1)
Actuarial (gain) loss118 153 
Benefit obligation at end of year$1,133 $1,015 
A significant component of the overall increase in the Company's benefit obligation for the year ended December 31, 2020, was due to an actuarial loss, which was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate used to measure our benefit obligation from 3.50% at December 31, 2019, to 2.80% at December 31, 2020. A significant component of the overall increase in the Company's benefit obligation for the year ended December 31, 2019, was due to an actuarial loss, which was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate used to measure our benefit obligation from 4.60% at December 31, 2018, to 3.50% at December 31, 2019.

Change in plan assets:  
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$886 $755 
Actual return on plan assets168 176 
Employer contributions12 
Benefits paid(46)(57)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$1,014 $886 
 Funded status at end of year$(119)$(129)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
 20202019
Accrued benefit liability - current$(9)$(4)
Accrued benefit liability - non-current(110)(125)
 $(119)$(129)
Pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of pan assets
The table below provides information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets. These pension plans also have a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets.
 20202019
Projected benefit obligation$1,133 $1,015 
Accumulated benefit obligation1,111 984 
Fair value of plan assets1,014 886 
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
202020192018
Service cost$$$
Interest cost35 39 38 
Amortization of prior service cost(a)
Expected return on plan assets(43)(44)(44)
Amortization of net loss14 16 
Net periodic benefit cost$19 $$23 

Additional (gain) loss recognized due to:

Settlement charges(b)
$— $$— 
Special termination benefits
$$— $

(a)Prior service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits.

(b)Settlement losses result when benefit payments exceed the sum of the service cost and interest cost within a plan during the year. These losses were recorded in Other pension (income) expense.
Pension losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Pension gains (losses) in AOCI:
 20202019
Beginning of year$(136)$(123)
Net actuarial gain (loss)(22)
Curtailments— 
Amortization of net loss14 
Amortization of prior service cost
Prior service cost(2)(2)
Settlement charges— 
End of year$(111)$(136)
Schedule of Accumulated pre-tax losses recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated pre-tax losses recognized within AOCI:
 20202019
Actuarial net loss$(96)$(118)
Prior service cost(15)(18)
 $(111)$(136)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at the measurement dates:
 20202019
Discount rate2.80 %3.50 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for fiscal years:
 
2020
2019
2018
Discount rate3.50 %4.60 %3.90 %
Long-term rate of return on plan assets5.50 %5.75 %5.65 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %3.75 %
Fair values of pension plan assets
The fair values of our pension plan assets at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by asset category and level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

 20202019
Level 1:
Cash
$$
Cash Equivalents(a)
10 13 
Fixed Income Securities - U.S. Corporate(b)
164 161 
Equity Securities – U.S. Large cap(b)
306 268 
Equity Securities – U.S. Mid cap(b)
51 44 
Equity Securities – U.S. Small cap(b)
52 43 
Equity Securities – Non-U.S.(b)
102 88 
Level 2:  
Fixed Income Securities – U.S. Corporate(c)
148 120 
Fixed Income Securities – U.S. Government and Government Agencies(d)
354 274 
Fixed Income Securities – Other(d)
30 39 
Total fair value of plan assets(e)
$1,226 $1,055 

(a)Short-term investments in money market funds.

(b)Securities held in common trusts.

(c)Investments held directly by the Plan.

(d)Includes securities held in common trusts and investments held directly by the Plan.

(e)2020 and 2019 exclude net unsettled trade payables of $212 million and $169 million, respectively.
Expected benefit payments
The benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are set forth below:

Year ended:
2021$54 
202252 
202353 
202455 
202558 
2026 - 2030299