The Refranchising (gain) loss by our Divisional reportable segments is presented below. Given the size and volatility of refranchising initiatives, our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) does not consider the impact of Refranchising (gain) loss when assessing Divisional segment performance. As such, we do not allocate such gains and losses to our Divisional segments for performance reporting purposes.

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we refranchised 83, 97 and 25 restaurants, respectively. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we sold certain restaurant assets associated with existing franchise restaurants to the franchisee. We received $85 million, $19 million and $110 million in pre-tax cash refranchising proceeds in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as a result of the sales of these restaurants and restaurant assets. In 2020, we also received as refranchising proceeds minority interests in Devyani International Limited (“Devyani”), as discussed further below. At the time of the refranchisings, these minority interests had fair values estimated to be $31 million. In 2019, we also received as refranchising proceeds a minority interest in an entity that owns our KFC and Pizza Hut master franchisee rights in Brazil. At the time of refranchising, the fair value of this minority interest was estimated to be $6 million.


	Refranchising (gain) loss
	2021		2020		2019
KFC Division	$	(1)	$	(33)	$	(6)
Taco Bell Division	(29)		(2)		(31)
Pizza Hut Division	1		1		—
Habit Burger Grill Division	(6)		—		—
Worldwide	$	(35)	$	(34)	$	(37)

On June 24, 2020, the Yum! Brands, Inc. Board of Directors approved the establishment of the Company’s new global “Unlocking Opportunity Initiative” including a $100 million investment over the next five years to fight inequality by unlocking opportunities for employees, restaurant team members and communities. The Company contributed $50 million in the second quarter of 2020 to Yum! Brands Foundation, Inc. (a stand-alone, not-for-profit organization that is not consolidated

in the Company's results) as part of these efforts and investment. As a result of the size and specific nature of this contribution the associated General and administrative expense was not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a charge of $25 million related to a contribution made to Yum! Brands Foundation, Inc. expected to fund past and anticipated payments for COVID-19 relief provided to restaurant-level employees within the YUM system diagnosed with COVID-19 or acting as the primary caregiver for someone diagnosed with COVID-19. As a result of the size and specific nature of this contribution the associated General and administrative expense was not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded charges of $7 million to General and administrative expenses and $2 million to Other (income) expense and we recorded a credit of $1 million to Other pension (income) expense related to a resource optimization program initiated in the third quarter of 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded charges of $36 million to General and administrative expenses and $2 million to Other pension (income) expense related to this resource optimization program.

The charges incurred as a result of this program were primarily associated with a voluntary retirement program offered to our U.S. based employees and a worldwide severance program. This program is part of our efforts to optimize our resources, reallocating them toward critical areas of the business that will drive future growth. These critical areas include accelerating our digital, technology and innovation capabilities to deliver a modern, world-class team member and customer experience and improve unit economics. Due to their scope and size, these costs were not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.

In 2020, we received an approximate 5% minority interest in Devyani, an entity that operates KFC and Pizza Hut franchised units in India. The minority interest was received in lieu of cash proceeds upon the refranchising of approximately 60 KFC restaurants in India. At the time of the refranchisings, the fair value of this minority interest was estimated to be approximately $31 million. On August 16, 2021, Devyani executed an initial public offering and subsequently the fair value of this investment became readily determinable. As a result, concurrent with the initial public offering we began recording changes in fair value in Investment (income) expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized pre-tax investment income of $87 million, in the year ended December 31, 2021 (see Note 14).

On March 15, 2021, certain subsidiaries of the Company completed a refinancing of our Credit Agreement. As a result, fees expensed of $4 million as well as previously recorded unamortized debt issuance costs written off of $8 million were recognized within Interest expense, net.

On April 23, 2021, certain subsidiaries of the Company issued a notice of redemption for June 1, 2021, for $1,050 million aggregate principal amount of 5.25% Subsidiary Senior Unsecured Notes due in 2026. The redemption amount was equal to 102.625% of the $1,050 million aggregate principal amount redeemed, reflecting a $28 million “call premium”. We recognized the call premium and the write-off of $6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the notes within Interest expense, net.

On September 9, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company issued a notice of redemption for $1,050 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Subsidiary Senior Unsecured Notes due in 2024. The redemption amount included a $26 million call premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption of October 9, 2020. We recorded the call premium, $6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the notes and $2 million of accrued and unpaid interest associated with the period of time from prepayment of the notes with the trustee on September 25, 2020, to their redemption date within Interest expense, net.

In April of 2018 we purchased 2.8 million shares of Grubhub common stock for $200 million. In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, we sold our entire investment in Grubhub and received proceeds of $206 million. While we held our investment in Grubhub common stock we recognized changes in the fair value in our investment in our Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized pre-tax investment income of $69 million and pre-tax investment expense of $77 million, respectively.

In December of 2019, we completed intra-entity transfers of certain intellectual property (“IP”) rights. As a result of the transfer of certain of these rights, largely to subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (“UK”), we received a step-up in tax basis to current fair value under applicable tax law. To the extent this step-up in tax basis was amortizable against future taxable income, we recognized a one-time deferred tax benefit of $226 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2019. Additionally, we recognized a related deferred tax benefit of $3 million in the year ended December 31, 2020.

On July 22, 2020, the UK Finance Act 2020 was enacted resulting in an increase in the UK corporate tax rate from 17% to 19%. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2020, we remeasured the related deferred tax assets originally recorded as described above and recognized an additional $25 million deferred tax benefit.

On June 10, 2021, the UK Finance Act 2021 was enacted resulting in an increase in the UK corporate income tax rate from 19% to 25%. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2021, we remeasured the related deferred tax assets originally recorded as described above and recognized an additional $64 million deferred tax benefit.

In July 2021, we concentrated management responsibility for European (excluding the UK) KFC franchise development, support operations and management oversight in Switzerland (the “KFC Europe Reorganization”). Concurrent with this change in management responsibility, we have completed intra-entity transfers of certain KFC IP rights from subsidiaries in the UK to subsidiaries in Switzerland. With the transfers of these rights, we received a step-up in amortizable tax basis to current fair value under applicable Swiss tax law. As a result of this transfer, we recorded a net one-time deferred tax benefit of $152 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.

In December 2021, we continued our KFC Europe Reorganization and completed intra-entity transfers of additional European KFC IP rights from subsidiaries in the U.S. to subsidiaries in Switzerland. With the transfers of these additional rights, we received a step-up in amortizable tax basis to current fair value under applicable Swiss tax law. As a result of this transfer, we recorded a net one-time deferred tax benefit of $35 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.