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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Nov. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation We consolidate entities over which we have control, as typically evidenced by a direct ownership interest of greater than 50%, or for which we are the primary beneficiary (see Note 3). We do not separately present our noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements since the amounts are insignificant. For affiliates where significant influence over financial and operating policies exists, as typically evidenced by a direct ownership interest from 20% to 50%, the investment is accounted for using the equity method. Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our financial statements. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less at acquisition, which are stated at cost. At November 30, 2011 and 2010, cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on hand, money market funds and time deposits. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of food and beverage provisions, hotel and restaurant products and supplies, fuel and gift shop and art merchandise held for resale, which are all carried at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted-average or first-in, first-out methods. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization were computed using the straight-line method over our estimates of average useful lives and residual values, as a percentage of original cost, as follows:
|  | Years |  | Residual Values
Ships |  | 30 |  | 15%
Ship improvements |  | 3-28 |  | 0% or 15%
Buildings and improvements |  | 5-35 |  | 0-10%
Computer hardware and software |  | 3-7 |  | 0-10%
Transportation equipment and other |  | 2-20 |  | 0-10%
Leasehold improvements, including port facilities |  | Shorter of lease term or related asset life |  | -
Our cruise business is very capital intensive. Each year, a capital program is developed for the improvement of our ships, as well as asset replacements to enhance efficiency of operations, gain strategic benefits or provide newer improved product offerings to our guests. Ship improvement costs that we believe add value to our ships, such as those incurred for refurbishments, safety and operational efficiencies, are capitalized to the ships and depreciated over their or the ships’ estimated remaining useful life, whichever is shorter, while costs of repairs and maintenance, including minor improvement costs, are charged to expense as incurred. We capitalize interest as part of acquiring ships and other capital projects during their construction period. The specifically identified or estimated cost and accumulated depreciation of previously capitalized ship components are written-off upon retirement, which may result in a loss on disposal that is included in other ship operating expenses. Dry-dock costs primarily represent planned major maintenance activities that are incurred when a ship is taken out-of-service for scheduled maintenance. These costs are expensed as incurred and included in other ship operating expenses. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. Upon the occurrence of a triggering event, the assessment of possible impairment is based on our ability to recover the carrying value of our asset based on our estimate of its undiscounted future cash flows. If these estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess, if any, of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value. Intangibles Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business acquisitions. We review our goodwill for impairment at least annually and, when events or circumstances dictate, more frequently. All of our goodwill has been allocated to our reporting units, also referred to as “cruise brands”. Our goodwill impairment reviews consist of a two-step process. The first step is to determine the fair value of the cruise brand and compare it to the carrying value of the net assets allocated to the cruise brand. If this fair value exceeds the carrying value no further analysis or goodwill write-down is required. The second step is required if the fair value of the cruise brand is less than the carrying value of the net assets. In this step the estimated fair value of the cruise brand is allocated to all the underlying assets and liabilities, including both recognized and unrecognized tangible and intangible assets, based on their relative fair values. If necessary, goodwill is then written-down to its implied fair value. Trademarks represent substantially all of our other intangibles. For certain acquisitions, we have allocated a portion of the purchase prices to the acquiree’s identified trademarks. Trademarks are estimated to have an indefinite useful life and, therefore, are not amortizable, but are reviewed for impairment at least annually and, when events or circumstances dictate, more frequently. Our trademarks would be considered impaired if their carrying value exceeds their estimated fair value. The costs of developing and maintaining our trademarks are expensed as incurred. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating the fair values of our cruise brands and trademarks. Revenue and Expense Recognition Guest cruise deposits represent unearned revenues and are initially recorded as customer deposit liabilities generally when received. Customer deposits are subsequently recognized as cruise revenues, together with revenues from onboard and other activities, and all associated direct costs and expenses of a voyage are recognized as cruise costs and expenses, upon completion of voyages with durations of ten nights or less and on a pro rata basis for voyages in excess of ten nights. The impact of recognizing these shorter duration cruise revenues and costs and expenses on a completed voyage basis versus on a pro rata basis is not material. Future travel discount vouchers issued to guests are recorded as a reduction of cruise passenger ticket revenues when such vouchers are utilized. Cancellation fees are recognized in cruise passenger ticket revenues at the time of the cancellation. Our sale to guests of air and other transportation to and from our ships and the related cost of purchasing this service are recorded in cruise passenger ticket revenues and cruise transportation costs, respectively. The proceeds that we collect from the sale of third party shore excursions and on behalf of onboard concessionaires, net of the amounts remitted to them, are recorded as concession revenues in onboard and other cruise revenues. These amounts are recognized on a completed voyage or pro rata basis as discussed above. Cruise passenger ticket revenues include fees and taxes levied by governmental authorities and collected by us from our guests. A portion of these fees and taxes vary with guest head counts and are directly imposed on a revenue-producing arrangement. This portion of the fees and taxes is expensed in commissions, transportation and other costs when the corresponding revenues are recognized. These fees and taxes included in passenger ticket revenues and commissions, transportation and other costs were $405 million, $346 million and $303 million in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The remaining portion of governmental fees and taxes are also included in passenger ticket revenues but are expensed in other ship operating expenses. Revenues and expenses from our hotel, tour and transportation operations are recognized at the time the services are performed or expenses are incurred. Revenues from the leasing of our owned ships to an unaffiliated entity are recognized ratably over the term of the charter agreement using the straight-line method. See Note 11. Insurance and Self-Insurance We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance to address a number of risks including, among others, illness and injury to crew, guest injuries, pollution, damages to hull and machinery for each of our ships, war risks, workers’ compensation, employee health, directors and officers liability, property damages and general liabilities for third party claims. Substantially all the liabilities associated with crew illnesses and crew and guest injury claims are estimated actuarially based on historical claims experience, loss development factors and other assumptions. While we believe the estimated loss amounts accrued are adequate, the ultimate loss may differ from the amounts provided. Selling and Administrative Expenses Selling expenses include a broad range of advertising, such as marketing and promotional expenses. Advertising is charged to expense as incurred, except for media production costs. Media production costs are recorded as prepaid expenses and charged to expense upon the first airing of the advertisement. Advertising expenses totaled $527 million, $507 million and $508 million in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Administrative expenses represent the costs of our shoreside ship support, reservations and other administrative functions, and include, among others, salaries and related benefits, professional fees and occupancy costs, which are typically expensed as incurred. Foreign Currency Translations and Transactions Our underlying businesses generate earnings in a number of different currencies, principally the U.S. dollar, euros, sterling and Australian dollar. Each business determines its functional currency by reference to its relevant economic environment. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign operations that have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of these foreign operations are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the reporting period. Their equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Therefore, the U.S. dollar value of these non-equity translated items in our consolidated financial statements will fluctuate from period to period, depending on the changing value of the U.S. dollar versus these currencies. Gains and losses arising from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities and foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are immediately included in nonoperating earnings, unless such monetary liabilities have been designated to act as hedges of net investments in our foreign operations or such assets have been designated to act as hedges of ship commitments. These net gains or losses included in nonoperating earnings were insignificant in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009. In addition, the unrealized gains or losses on our long-term intercompany receivables denominated in a non-functional currency, which are not expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future and are therefore considered to form part of our net investments, are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, which are included as a component of AOCI. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing adjusted net income by the weighted-average number of shares, common stock equivalents and other potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. For earnings per share purposes, Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares are considered a single class of shares since they have equivalent rights (see Note 3). All shares that were issuable under our outstanding convertible notes that had contingent share conversion features were considered outstanding for our diluted earnings per share computations, if dilutive, using the “if converted” method of accounting from the date of issuance. Share-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards using the fair value method. Share-based compensation cost is recognized ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the expected vesting period or to the retirement eligibility date, if less than the vesting period, when vesting is not contingent upon any future performance. For performance-based share awards, we recognize compensation cost over the vesting period based on the probability of the performance condition being achieved over the vesting period. If the performance condition is not met, compensation expense will not be recognized and any previously recognized compensation expense will be reversed. In addition, we estimate the amount of expected forfeitures, based on historical forfeiture experience, when calculating compensation cost. If the actual forfeitures that occur are significantly different from the estimate, then we revise our estimates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 + Details
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