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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
U.S.			201,516						117,446						67,744
PRC			(263,159)						(315,852)						(583,610)
Other			(471,358)						(627,430)						(1,445,171)
Total			(533,001)						(825,836)						(1,961,037)

Schedule of Current and Deferred Components of the Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The current and deferred components of the income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations are as follows:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
Current tax expense (benefit)
U.S.			57,222						25,170						4,844
PRC			12,331						24,956						27,905
Other			16,225						5,059						6,547
Total			85,778						55,185						39,296
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
U.S.			23,556						—						—
PRC			180						687						3,480
Other			2,271						—						2
Total			26,007						687						3,482
Income tax expense (benefit)			111,785						55,872						42,778

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Statutory Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate

The reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follow:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
Loss before tax			(533,001)						(825,836)						(1,961,037)
U.S. statutory tax rate			21		%				21		%				21		%
Expected taxation at U.S. statutory tax rate			(111,930)						(173,426)						(411,818)
Foreign and preferential tax rate differential			93,741						144,310						209,384
Non-deductible expenses			1,130						19,134						29,223
Stock compensation expenses			53,446						32,581						33,872
State tax expense (benefit)			(7,988)						(5,872)						1,683
Change in valuation allowance			157,286						845,811						229,550
Tax relief credits			—						(704,928)						—
Research tax credits and incentives			(43,602)						(64,343)						(42,844)
Deductible research expenses			(13,644)						—						—
Tax on unremitted earnings			23,743						—						—
Foreign-derived intangible income			(40,397)						(37,395)						(6,272)
Taxation for the year			111,785						55,872						42,778
Effective tax rate			(21.0)		%				(6.8)		%				(2.2)		%

Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)

Significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
Accruals and reserves			121,549						106,708						97,896
Net operating losses carryforward			1,137,890						996,588						862,214
Stock-based compensation			38,397						26,687						19,700
Research tax credits			34,561						68,117						86,000
Tax relief credits			704,928						704,928						—
Intangible asset amortization			1,081,442						699,974						813,043
Lease liability obligation			11,882						7,893						10,348
R&D and other capitalized costs			277,061						164,190						63,156
Total gross deferred tax assets			3,407,710						2,775,085						1,952,357
Less valuation allowance			(3,403,505)						(2,771,470)						(1,943,775)
Net deferred tax assets			4,205						3,615						8,582
Property, plant and equipment, net			(10,795)						(12,374)						(14,480)
Tax on unremitted earnings			(23,735)						—						—
Right of use asset			(11,682)						(7,735)						(10,098)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities			(46,212)						(20,109)						(24,578)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)			(42,007)						(16,494)						(15,996)

Schedule of Valuation Allowance

The valuation allowances for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
Beginning balance, as of January 1			2,771,470						1,943,775						1,758,409
Additions/(subtractions) charged to income tax provision			157,286						845,811						229,550
Additions/(subtractions) charged to equity			497,823						—						—
Currency translation and other			(23,074)						(18,116)						(44,184)
Ending balance, as of December 31			3,403,505						2,771,470						1,943,775

Schedule of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

			Year Ended December 31,
			2024						2023						2022
			$						$						$
Beginning balance, as of January 1			14,264						11,555						9,925
Additions based on tax positions related to prior tax years			—						—						—
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior tax years			—						—						—
Additions based on tax positions related to the current tax year			2,975						2,709						1,630
Reductions based on lapse of statute of limitations			—						—						—
Ending balance, as of December 31			17,239						14,264						11,555

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.

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