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Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Note K: Stock-Based Compensation On May 19, 2016, the Company’s shareholders approved the Martin Marietta Amended and Restated Stock-Based Award Plan. The Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. Stock-Based Award Plan, as amended from time to time, along with the Amended Omnibus Securities Award Plan, originally approved in 1994 (collectively, the Plans), are still effective for awards made prior to 2017. The Company has been authorized by the Board of Directors to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance under the stock-based award plans (see Note M). The Company grants restricted stock awards under the Plans to a group of executive officers, key personnel and nonemployee members of the Board of Directors. The vesting of certain restricted stock awards is based on certain performance criteria over a specified period of time. The number of shares may be increased to the maximum or reduced to the minimum threshold based on the results of those criteria. In addition, certain awards are granted to individuals to encourage retention and motivate key employees. These awards generally vest if the employee is continuously employed over a specified period of time and require no payment from the employee. Awards granted to nonemployee members of the Board of Directors vest immediately. The fair value of stock-based award grants is expensed over the vesting period. Awards to employees eligible for retirement prior to the award becoming fully vested are expensed over the period through the date that the employee first becomes eligible to retire and is no longer required to provide service to earn the award. Awards granted to nonemployee members of the Board of Directors are expensed immediately. Additionally, an incentive compensation stock plan has been adopted under the Plans whereby certain participants may elect to use up to 50% of their annual incentive compensation to acquire units representing shares of the Company’s common stock at a 20% discount to the market value on the date of the incentive compensation award. Participants receive unrestricted shares of common stock in an amount equal to their respective units generally at the end of a 34-month period of additional employment from the date of award or at retirement beginning at age 62. All rights of ownership of the common stock convey to the participants upon the issuance of their respective shares at the end of the ownership-vesting period. The following table summarizes information for restricted stock awards and incentive compensation stock awards for 2023:
|  | Restricted Stock - Service Based |  |  | Restricted Stock - Performance Based |  |  | Incentive Compensation Stock |
|  | Number of Awards |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  |  | Number of Awards |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  |  | Number of Awards |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
January 1, 2023 |  |  | 215,644 |  |  | $ | 272.86 |  |  |  | 103,795 |  |  | $ | 339.17 |  |  |  | 32,149 |  |  | $ | 341.72 |
Awarded |  |  | 60,982 |  |  | $ | 369.18 |  |  |  | 33,103 |  |  | $ | 392.73 |  |  |  | 4,012 |  |  | $ | 362.08 |
Distributed |  |  | (59,184 | ) |  | $ | 305.80 |  |  |  | (70,370 | ) |  | $ | 266.97 |  |  |  | (18,835 | ) |  | $ | 325.48 |
Forfeited |  |  | (6,799 | ) |  | $ | 341.96 |  |  |  | (1,626 | ) |  | $ | 371.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Adjustment for performance |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 33,248 |  |  | $ | 266.97 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2023 |  |  | 210,643 |  |  | $ | 289.26 |  |  |  | 98,150 |  |  | $ | 384.02 |  |  |  | 17,326 |  |  | $ | 364.09 |
The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of service-based restricted stock awards granted during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $369.18, $362.77 and $342.11, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of performance-based restricted stock awards granted during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $392.73, $406.99 and $352.52, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of incentive compensation stock awards granted during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $362.08, $369.05 and $325.30, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values for unvested restricted stock awards and unvested incentive compensation stock awards at December 31, 2023 were $154.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively, and were based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2023, which wa s $498.91. The aggregate intrinsic values of restricted stock awards distributed during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $47.6 million, $64.5 million and $41.1 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values of incentive compensation stock awards distributed during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $3.9 million, $3.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values for distributed awards were based on the closing prices of the Company’s common stock on the dates of distribution. Prior to 2016, under the Plans, the Company granted options to employees to purchase its common stock at a price equal to the closing market value at the date of grant. Options become exercisable in four annual installments beginning one year after date of grant. Outstanding options expire ten years after the grant date. The following table includes summary information for stock options as of December 31, 2023:
|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (years) |
Outstanding at January 1, 2023 |  |  | 15,283 |  |  | $ | 136.55 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (9,180 | ) |  | $ | 131.50 |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 6,103 |  |  | $ | 144.14 |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 6,103 |  |  | $ | 144.14 |  |  |  | 1.1 |
The aggregate intrinsic values of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 wer e $2.6 mil lion, $1.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, and were based on the closing prices of the Company’s common stock on the dates of exercise. The aggregate intrinsic values for options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2023 were $2.2 million and were based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2023, which wa s $498.91. At December 31, 2023, there were approximately 0.4 million awards available for grant under the Plans. In 2016, the Company’s shareholders approved the issuance of an additional 0.8 million shares of common stock under the Plans. In 1996, the Company adopted the Shareholder Value Achievement Plan to award shares of the Company’s common stock to key senior employees based on certain common stock performance criteria over a long-term period. Under the terms of this plan, 0.3 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance. Through December 31, 2023, 42,025 shares have been issued under this plan. No awards have been granted under this plan since 2000. The Company adopted and the shareholders approved the Common Stock Purchase Plan for Directors in 1996, which provides nonemployee members of the Board of Directors the election to receive all or a portion of their total fees in the form of the Company’s common stock. Beginning in 2016, members of the Board of Directors were not required to defer any of their fees in the form of the Company’s common stock. Under the terms of this plan, 0.3 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance. Nonemployee members of the Board of Directors elected to defer portions of their fees representing 1,333, 1,767 and 1,686 shares of the Company’s common stock under this plan during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, unrecognized compensation cost for nonvested awards at December 31, 2023 and the weighted-average period over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized:
(in millions, except year data) |  | Restricted Stock |  |  | Incentive Compensation Stock |  |  | Directors’ Fees Paid in Stock |  |  | Total |
Stock-based compensation expense recognized for years ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  | $ | 48.7 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 50.0 |
2022 |  | $ | 41.0 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 42.7 |
2021 |  | $ | 41.4 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 43.0 |
Unrecognized compensation cost at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 39.5 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39.9 |
Weighted-average period over which unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized |  | 1.8 years |  |  | 1.3 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense were $8.6 million, $7.6 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following presents expected stock-based compensation expense in future periods for outstanding awards as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions) |  |  |
2024 |  | $ | 28.2 |
2025 |  |  | 9.1 |
2026 |  |  | 1.8 |
2027 |  |  | 0.7 |
2028 |  |  | 0.1 |
Total |  | $ | 39.9 |
Stock-based compensation expense is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of earnings.

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