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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
North America ConfectioneryNorth America Salty SnacksInternationalTotal
Goodwill$2,030,979 $589,798 $374,745 $2,995,522 
Accumulated impairment loss(4,973)— (357,375)(362,348)
Balance at January 1, 2022
2,026,006 589,798 17,370 2,633,174 
Measurement period adjustments— (18,028)— (18,028)
Foreign currency translation(7,576)— (614)(8,190)
Balance at December 31, 2022
2,018,430 571,770 16,756 2,606,956 
Acquired during the period (see Note 2)
— 85,231 — 85,231 
Foreign currency translation2,401 — 1,462 3,863 
Balance at December 31, 2023
$2,020,831 $657,001 $18,218 $2,696,050 

We had no goodwill impairment charges in 2023, 2022 or 2021.
The following table provides the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangible asset:
December 31,20232022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationGross Carrying AmountAccumulated Amortization
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Trademarks
$1,703,029 $(249,947)$1,701,932 $(190,045)
Customer-related
513,910 (123,282)513,188 (93,495)
Patents
8,233 (8,233)8,053 (8,053)
Total
2,225,172 (381,462)2,223,173 (291,593)
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trademarks
35,519 34,689 
Total other intangible assets
$1,879,229 $1,966,269 

Total amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $88,771, $79,690 and $52,124, respectively.
Amortization expense for the next five years, based on current intangible asset balances, is estimated to be as follows:
Year ending December 31,20242025202620272028
Amortization expense$78,276 $78,276 $78,276 $77,136 $77,136