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Employee Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans
18. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Investment and Savings Plan
Substantially all U.S. employees of the Company are eligible to participate in The Hartford Investment and Savings Plan under which designated contributions may be invested in a variety of investments, including up to 10% in a fund consisting largely of common stock of The Hartford. The Company's contributions include a non-elective contribution of 2.0% of eligible compensation and a dollar-for-dollar matching contribution of up to 6.0% of eligible compensation contributed by the employee each pay period. The Company also maintains a non-qualified savings plan, The Hartford Excess Savings Plan, with the dollar-for-dollar matching contributions related to employee compensation in excess of the amount of eligible compensation that can be contributed under the tax-qualified Investment and Savings Plan. An employee's eligible compensation includes overtime and bonuses but for the Investment and Savings Plan and Excess Savings Plan combined, is limited to $1 annually. The total cost to The Hartford for these plans was approximately
$142, $147 and $153 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Additionally, The Hartford has established defined contribution pension plans for certain employees of the Company’s international subsidiaries. The cost to The Hartford for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 for these plans was immaterial.
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Pension Plan- The Company maintains The Hartford Retirement Plan for U.S. Employees, a U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan (“U.S. Pension Plan”) that covers substantially all U.S. employees hired prior to January 1, 2013. The Company also maintains non-qualified pension plans to provide retirement benefits previously accrued that are in excess of Internal Revenue Code limitations, as well as a Canadian defined benefit pension plan. Together, the non-
qualified and Canadian defined benefit plan are referred to as "Other Pension Plans".
The U.S. Pension Plan includes two benefit formulas, both of which are frozen: a final average pay formula (for which all accruals ceased as of December 31, 2008) and a cash balance formula for which benefit accruals ceased as of December 31, 2012, although interest will continue to accrue to existing cash balance formula account balances. Employees who were participants as of December 31, 2012 continue to earn vesting credit with respect to their frozen accrued benefits if they continue to work. The interest crediting rate on the cash balance plan is the greater of the average annual yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury Securities published in December of the prior calendar year or 3.3%. The Hartford Excess Pension Plan I and The Hartford Excess Pension Plan II, the Company's non-qualified excess pension benefit plans for certain highly compensated employees, are also frozen.
Group Retiree Health Plan- The Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retired employees. The Company’s contribution for health care benefits are a function of the retiree’s date of retirement and years of service. In addition, the plan has a defined dollar cap for certain retirees which limits average Company contributions. The Hartford has prefunded a portion of the health care obligations where such prefunding can be accomplished on a tax effective basis. Beginning January 1, 2017, for retirees 65 and older who were participating in the Retiree PPO Medical Plan, the Company funds the cost of medical and dental health care benefits through contributions to a Health Reimbursement Account and covered individuals can access a variety of insurance plans from a health care exchange. Effective January 1, 2002, Company-subsidized retiree medical, retiree dental and retiree life insurance benefits were eliminated for employees with original hire dates with the Company on or after January 1, 2002. The Company also amended its postretirement medical, dental and life insurance coverage plans to no longer provide subsidized coverage for employees who retired on or after January 1, 2014.
Assumptions
Pursuant to accounting principles related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement obligations to employees under its various benefit plans, the Company is required to make a significant number of assumptions in order to calculate the related liabilities and expenses each period. The two
economic assumptions that have the most impact on pension and other postretirement expense under the defined benefit pension plans and group retiree health plan are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The yield curve used to determine the discount rate is based on high-quality fixed income investments consistent with the highest yields grouped by duration. Based on all available market and industry information, it was determined that 5.43% and 5.39% were the appropriate discount rates as of December 31, 2022 to calculate the Company’s U.S. Pension Plan and other postretirement obligations, respectively.
The expected long-term rate of return considers the actual compound rates of return earned over various historical time periods. The Company also considers the plan's funded status, the investment volatility, duration and total returns for various time periods related to the characteristics of the pension obligation, which are influenced by the Company's workforce demographics. For the pension plan, the Company has assumed an allocation of approximately 73% in fixed income securities and 27% in non-fixed income securities (global equities, hedge funds and private market alternatives) in its assumed expected long-term rate of return for the year ended December 31, 2022, whereas the Company anticipated an allocation of 65% in fixed income securities and 35% in non-fixed income securities to derive an expected long-term rate of return for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the other postretirement plans, the Company has assumed an allocation of approximately 75% in fixed income securities and 25% in non-fixed income securities in its assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Based upon these analyses, management determined the long-term rate of return assumption to be 5.10% and 4.80% for the Company's U.S. Pension Plan and other postretirement obligations, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 5.40% and 4.90% for the Company's U.S. Pension Plan and other postretirement obligations, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. To determine the Company's 2023 expense, the Company has assumed an allocation of 81% in fixed income securities and 19% in non-fixed income securities for the pension plan and an allocation of 100% in fixed income securities for the postretirement plans, contributing to an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 6.10% and 4.50% for the Company's U.S. Pension Plan and other postretirement obligations, respectively.
Assumptions Used in Calculating the Benefit Obligations and the Net Amount Recognized
For the years ended December 31,
 202220212020
Weighted Average Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations
Discount rate:
U.S. Pension Plan5.43 %2.91 %2.65 %
Other Pension Plans5.40 %2.83 %2.51 %
Other postretirement benefits5.39 %2.72 %2.36 %
Interest crediting rate on cash balance plan3.89 %3.30 %3.30 %
Weighted Average Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs:
Discount rate:
U.S. Pension Plan2.91 %2.66 %3.33 %
Other Pension Plans2.83 %2.52 %3.25 %
Other postretirement benefits2.72 %2.36 %3.15 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets:
U.S. Pension Plan5.10 %5.40 %6.00 %
Other Pension Plans3.30 %2.90 %3.90 %
Other postretirement benefits4.80 %4.90 %5.60 %
Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
Pre-65 health care cost trend rate7.00 %7.00 %7.00 %
Post-65 health care cost trend rateN/AN/AN/A
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate203220322032
Obligations and Funded Status
The following tables set forth a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets, as well as the funded status of the Company's defined benefit pension and postretirement health care and life
insurance benefit plans. Information is presented for the qualified U.S. Pension Plan, Other Pension Plans (including non-qualified plans and the Canadian pension plan) and other postretirement benefits.
Obligations and Funded Status
U.S. Pension PlanOther Pension PlansTotal Pension PlansOther Postretirement Benefits
For the years ended December 31,
20222021202220212022202120222021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation — beginning of year$4,210 $4,409 $439 $466 $4,649 $4,875 $197 $220 
Service cost 4 4 — — 4 4 — — 
Interest cost101 87 10 9 111 96 4 3 
Plan participants’ contributions— — — — — — 10 11 
Actuarial loss (gain)14 (7)4 2 18 (5)(5)1 
Changes in assumptions(985)(96)(92)(11)(1,077)(107)(33)(5)
Benefits paid(188)(187)(27)(26)(215)(213)(30)(33)
Foreign exchange adjustment— — — (1)— (1)— — 
Benefit obligation — end of year [1]$3,156 $4,210 $334 $439 $3,490 $4,649 $143 $197 
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets — beginning of year$4,467 $4,346 $15 $17 $4,482 $4,363 $51 $63 
Actual return on plan assets(742)338 (3)(1)(745)337 (6)4 
Employer contributions— — — — — — 5 7 
Benefits paid [2](188)(187)(1)(1)(189)(188)(20)(23)
Expenses paid(24)(30)— — (24)(30)— — 
Fair value of plan assets — end of year
$3,513 $4,467 $11 $15 $3,524 $4,482 $30 $51 
Funded status — end of year$357 $257 $(323)$(424)$34 $(167)$(113)$(146)
Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Other assets$357 $257 $— $— $357 $257 $— $— 
Other liabilities$— $— $(323)$(424)$(323)$(424)$(113)$(146)
[1]As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Accumulated Benefit Obligation is equal to the Projected Benefit Obligation.
[2]Other postretirement benefits paid represent non-key employee postretirement medical benefits paid from the Company's prefunded trust fund, net of participant contributions.
Changes in assumptions for the U.S. Pension Plan in 2022 primarily included a $997 decrease in the benefit obligation for pension benefits as a result of an increase in the discount rate from 2.91% as of the December 31, 2021 valuation to 5.43% as of the December 31, 2022 valuation. Changes in assumptions in 2021 included a $109 decrease in the benefit obligation for pension benefits as a result of an increase in the discount rate from 2.65% as of the December 31, 2020 valuation to 2.91% as of the December 31, 2021 valuation.
Changes in assumptions for the Other Pension Plans in 2022 primarily included a $92 decrease in the benefit obligation for pension benefits as a result of an increase in the discount rate from 2.83% as of the December 31, 2021 valuation to 5.40% as of the December 31, 2022 valuation. Changes in assumptions in 2021 included a $12 decrease in the benefit obligation for pension benefits as a result of an increase in the discount rate from 2.51% as of the December 31, 2020 valuation to 2.83% as of the December 31, 2021 valuation.
Included in the benefit obligation for the U.S. Pension Plan in the table above, the cash balance plan pension benefit obligation was $338 and $414 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The fair value of assets for total pension plans, and hence the funded status, presented in the table above excludes assets of $170 and $210 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, held in rabbi trusts and designated for the Other Pension Plans. The assets do not qualify as plan assets; however, the assets are available to pay benefits for certain retired, terminated and active participants. Such assets are available to the Company’s general creditors in the event of insolvency. The rabbi trusts assets consist of equity and fixed income investments. To the extent the fair value of these rabbi trusts were included in the table above, total pension plan assets would have been $3,694 and $4,692 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and the funded status of total pension plans would have been $204 and $43 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The tables below present an aggregate view of net periodic cost (benefit) and components of other comprehensive income and AOCI for pension plans that includes both the U.S. Pension Plan and Other Pension Plans. Net periodic cost (benefit) is recognized in insurance operating costs and other expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Net Periodic Cost (Benefit)
 
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
For the years ended December 31,
 202220212020202220212020
Service cost$4 $4 $4 $— $— $— 
Interest cost111 96 127 4 3 6 
Expected return on plan assets(202)(205)(215)(2)(3)(4)
Amortization of prior service credit— — — (7)(7)(7)
Amortization of actuarial loss62 69 60 7 8 7 
Net periodic cost (benefit)$(25)$(36)$(24)$2 $1 $2 
Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
For the years ended December 31,
 202220212020202220212020
Amortization of actuarial loss$62 $69 $60 $7 $8 $7 
Amortization of prior service credit— — — (7)(7)(7)
Net actuarial gain (loss)89 214 (106)30 5 (11)
Prior service cost (credit)— — — — — — 
Total$151 $283 $(46)$30 $6 $(11)
Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax, not yet Recognized as Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
As of December 31,
 202220212020202220212020
Net loss$(1,664)$(1,815)$(2,098)$(87)$(124)$(136)
Prior service credit— — — 47 54 60 
Total$(1,664)$(1,815)$(2,098)$(40)$(70)$(76)
Actuarial net losses in AOCI that exceed 10% of the greater of the benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets are amortized to expense over the average future life expectancy of plan participants.
Pension Plan Assets
Investment Strategy and Target Allocation
The overall investment strategy of the U.S. Pension Plan is to produce total investment returns that provide sufficient funding for present and anticipated future benefit obligations within the constraints of a prudent level of portfolio risk and diversification. With respect to asset management, the oversight responsibility of the U.S. Pension Plan rests with The Hartford’s Pension Investment Committee composed of individuals whose responsibilities include establishing overall objectives and the setting of investment policy; selecting appropriate investment options and ranges; selecting qualified service providers such as investment managers and investment consultants; reviewing the asset allocation mix and asset allocation targets on a regular basis; and monitoring performance to determine whether or not the rate of return objectives are being met and that policy and guidelines are being followed. The Pension Investment Committee has adopted a de-risking glide path that reduces the target allocation to equity securities and alternative assets and
increases the allocation to fixed income securities over time in response to improvement in the funded status of the U.S. Pension Plan. The Company believes that the asset allocation decision will be the single most important factor determining the long-term performance of the U.S. Pension Plan.
Target Asset Allocation Ranges
 Pension PlansOther Postretirement Plans
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Equity securities— %20 %— %— %
Fixed income securities75 %95 %100 %100 %
Alternative assets— %25 %— %— %
Divergent market performance among different asset classes and changes in the context of the glide path may, from time to time, cause the asset allocation to deviate from the desired asset allocation ranges. The asset allocation mix is reviewed on a periodic basis. If it is determined that an asset allocation mix rebalancing is required, future portfolio additions and
withdrawals will be used first, as necessary, to bring the allocation within tactical ranges, before shifting assets across portfolios.
The U.S. Pension Plan invests in investment portfolios managed by affiliated and unaffiliated managers to gain exposure to emerging markets, equity, hedge funds and other alternative investments. These portfolios encompass multiple asset classes reflecting the current needs of the U.S. Pension Plan, the investment preferences and risk tolerance of the U.S. Pension Plan and the desired degree of diversification. These asset classes include publicly traded equities, bonds and alternative
investments and are made up of individual investments in cash and cash equivalents, equity securities, debt securities, asset-backed securities, mortgage loans and hedge funds. Hedge fund investments represent a diversified portfolio of partnership investments in a variety of strategies.
In addition, the Company uses U.S. Treasury bond futures contracts and U.S. Treasury STRIPS, in addition to certain other investments, in a duration overlay program to adjust the duration of U.S. Pension Plan assets to better match the duration of the benefit obligation.
Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Short-term investments:$155 $— $— $155 $120 $29 $— $149 
Fixed Income Securities:
Corporate— 1,791 31 1,822 — 2,333 42 2,375 
RMBS— 115 — 115 — 98 — 98 
U.S. Treasuries— 165 — 165 23 169 — 192 
Foreign government— 25 1 26 — 38 2 40 
CMBS— 57 1 58 — 56 4 60 
Other fixed income [1]— 139 — 139 — 185 1 186 
  Mortgage Loans— — 165 165 — — 202 202 
Equity Securities:
Domestic8 — — 8 237 — — 237 
International— 7 — 7 121 — — 121 
Total pension plan assets at fair value, in the fair value hierarchy [2]163 2,299 198 2,660 501 2,908 251 3,660 
Other Investments, at net asset value [3]:
Private Market Alternatives666 572 
Hedge funds152 199 
Total pension plan assets at fair value$163 $2,299 $198 $3,478 $501 $2,908 $251 $4,431 
[1]Includes ABS, municipal bonds, and CDOs.
[2]Excludes $46 and $51 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of investment receivables net of investment payables that are excluded from this disclosure requirement because they are trade receivables in the ordinary course of business where the carrying amount approximates fair value.
[3]Investments that are measured at net asset value per share or an equivalent and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The tables below provide fair value level 3 roll forwards for the U.S. Pension Plan Assets for which significant unobservable inputs ("Level 3") are used in the fair value measurement on a recurring basis. The U.S. Pension Plan classifies the fair value of financial instruments within Level 3 if there are no observable markets for the instruments or, in the absence of active markets,
if one or more of the significant inputs used to determine fair value are based on the U.S. Pension Plan’s own assumptions. Therefore, the gains and losses in the tables below include changes in fair value due to both observable and unobservable factors.
Pension Plan Asset Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Corporate
RMBS
Foreign government
Mortgage loans
Other [1]
Totals
Fair Value as of January 1, 2022$42 $— $2 $202 $5 $251 
Realized gains, net— — — — — — 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses), net(10)— — (25)— (35)
Purchases1 — — 4 — 5 
Settlements— — — — — — 
Sales(2)— — (16)— (18)
Transfers into Level 33 — — — — 3 
Transfers out of Level 3(3)— (1)— (4)(8)
Fair Value as of December 31, 2022$31 $— $1 $165 $1 $198 
Fair Value as of January 1, 2021$39 $1 $9 $161 $— $210 
Realized gains (losses), net— — — (3)— (3)
Changes in unrealized gains, net— — — — — — 
Purchases6 — — 55 5 66 
Settlements— — — — — — 
Sales(5)— (7)(11)— (23)
Transfers into Level 32 — — — — 2 
Transfers out of Level 3— (1)— — — (1)
Fair Value as of December 31, 2021$42 $— $2 $202 $5 $251 
[1]"Other" includes U.S. Treasuries, Other fixed income and CMBS investments.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, transfers into and (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the appearance of or lack thereof of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, transfers into and (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the appearance of or
lack thereof of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
There was less than $1 in Company common stock included in the U.S. Pension Plan’s assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Other Postretirement Plan Assets at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2022As of December 31, 2021
Asset CategoryLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Short-term investments$25 $— $— $25 $1 $— $— $1 
Fixed Income Securities:
Corporate— — — — — 11 — 11 
RMBS— 1 — 1 — 7 — 7 
U.S. Treasuries— 4 — 4 1 13 — 14 
Foreign government—  — — 1 — — 1 
CMBS— — — — — — — — 
Other fixed income— — — — — 1 — 1 
Equity Securities:
Large-cap— — — — 16 — — 16 
Total other postretirement plan assets at fair value$25 $5 $— $30 $19 $32 $— $51 
There was no Company common stock included in the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Concentration of Risk
In order to minimize risk, the Pension Plan maintains a listing of permissible and prohibited investments. In addition, the Pension Plan has certain concentration limits and investment quality requirements imposed on permissible investment options. Permissible investments include U.S. equity, international equity,
alternative asset and fixed income investments including derivative instruments. Permissible derivative instruments include futures contracts, options, swaps, currency forwards, caps or floors and may be used to control risk or enhance return but will not be used for leverage purposes.
Securities specifically prohibited from purchase include, but are not limited to: shares or fixed income instruments issued by The Hartford (other than equity securities purchased on the open market as part of a passively managed strategy), short sales of any type within long-only portfolios, non-derivative securities involving the use of margin, leveraged floaters and inverse floaters, including money market obligations, natural resource real properties such as oil, gas or timber and precious metals.
Other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the Pension Plan does not have any material exposure to any concentration risk of a single issuer.
Expected Employer Contributions
The Company does not have a 2023 required minimum funding contribution for the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan. The Company has not determined whether, and to what extent, contributions may be made to the U.S. qualified defined benefit
pension plan in 2023. The Company will monitor the funded status of the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan during 2023 to make this determination.
Benefit Payments

Amounts of Benefits Expected to be Paid over the next Ten Years from Pension and other Postretirement Plans as of December 31, 2022
Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
2023$235 $18 
2024240 16 
2025249 15 
2026255 13 
2027256 12 
2028 - 20321,279 51 
Total$2,514 $125