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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ______________
Commission file number 001-13958
____________________________________
THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3317783
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Hartford Plaza, Hartford, Connecticut 06155
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(860) 547-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | HIG | The New York Stock Exchange
6.10% Senior Notes due October 1, 2041 | HIG 41 | The New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of 6.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G, par value $0.01 per share | HIG PR G | The New York Stock Exchange

1

Indicate by check mark: |  |  |  |
• whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
• whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
• whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. |  |  |  |

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

• | If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | ☐ |  |  |
• | whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

As of April 24, 2024, there were outstanding 295,755,372 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the registrant.
2

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item | Description | Page
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | 6
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 | 7
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 | 8
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - AS OF MARCH 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023 | 9
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 | 10
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 | 11
| NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 12
| NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12
| NOTE 2 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE | 12
| NOTE 3 - SEGMENT INFORMATION | 13
| NOTE 4 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | 15
| NOTE 5 - INVESTMENTS | 23
| NOTE 6 - DERIVATIVES | 29
| NOTE 7 - PREMIUMS RECEIVABLE AND AGENTS' BALANCES | 34
| NOTE 8 - REINSURANCE | 35
| NOTE 9 - RESERVE FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES | 37
| NOTE 10 - RESERVE FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS | 40
| NOTE 11 - OTHER POLICYHOLDER FUNDS AND BENEFITS PAYABLE | 41
| NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES | 42
| NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | 42
| NOTE 14 - EQUITY | 44
| NOTE 15 - CHANGES IN AND RECLASSIFICATIONS FROM ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | 45
| NOTE 16 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS | 47
| NOTE 17 - RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER COSTS | 47
2. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 48
3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | [a]
4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 98
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 99
1A. | RISK FACTORS | 99
2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 99
5.. | OTHER INFORMATION | 99
6. | EXHIBITS | 100
| SIGNATURE | 101

[a]The information required by this item is set forth in the Enterprise Risk Management section of Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated herein by reference.
3

Forward-looking Statements
Certain of the statements contained herein are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” and similar references to future periods.
Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions regarding future economic, competitive, legislative and other developments and their potential effect upon The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company" or "The Hartford"). Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Actual results could differ materially from expectations depending on the evolution of various factors, including the risks and uncertainties identified below, as well as factors described in such forward-looking statements, the Risk Factors of The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report, and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
•Risks Relating to Economic, Political and Global Market Conditions:
◦challenges related to the Company’s current operating environment, including global political, economic and market conditions, and the effect of financial market disruptions, economic downturns, changes in trade regulation including tariffs and other barriers or other potentially adverse macroeconomic developments on the demand for our products and returns in our investment portfolios;
◦market risks associated with our business, including changes in credit spreads, equity prices, interest rates, inflation rate, foreign currency exchange rates and market volatility;
◦the impact on our investment portfolio if our investment portfolio is concentrated in any particular segment of the economy;
◦the impacts of changing climate and weather patterns on our businesses, operations and investment portfolio including on claims, demand and pricing of our products, the availability and cost of reinsurance, our modeling data used to evaluate and manage risks of catastrophes and severe weather events, the value of our investment portfolios and credit risk with reinsurers and other counterparties;
•Insurance Industry and Product-Related Risks:
◦the possibility of unfavorable loss development, including with respect to long-tailed exposures;
◦the significant uncertainties that limit our ability to estimate the ultimate reserves necessary for asbestos and environmental claims;
◦the possibility of another pandemic, civil unrest, earthquake, or other natural or man-made disaster that may adversely affect our businesses;
◦weather and other natural physical events, including the intensity and frequency of thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail, wildfires, flooding, winter storms, hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as climate change and its potential impact on weather patterns;
◦the possible occurrence of terrorist attacks and the Company’s inability to contain its exposure as a result of, among other factors, the inability to exclude coverage for terrorist attacks from workers' compensation policies and limitations on reinsurance coverage from the federal government under applicable laws;
◦the Company’s ability to effectively price its products and policies, including its ability to obtain regulatory consents to pricing actions or to non-renewal or withdrawal of certain product lines;
◦actions by competitors that may be larger or have greater financial resources than we do;
◦technological changes, including usage-based methods of determining premiums, advancements in certain emerging technologies, including machine learning, predictive analytics, “big data” analysis or other artificial intelligence functions, advancements in automotive safety features, the development of autonomous vehicles, and platforms that facilitate ride sharing;
◦the Company's ability to market, distribute and provide insurance products and investment advisory services through current and future distribution channels and advisory firms;
◦the uncertain effects of emerging claim and coverage issues;
◦political instability, politically motivated violence or civil unrest, which may increase the frequency and severity of insured losses;
◦the ongoing effects of COVID-19, including exposure to COVID-19 business interruption property claims and the possibility of a resurgence of COVID-19 related losses in Group Benefits;
•Financial Strength, Credit and Counterparty Risks:
◦risks to our business, financial position, prospects and results associated with negative rating actions or downgrades in the Company’s financial strength and credit ratings or negative rating actions or downgrades relating to our investments;
◦capital requirements which are subject to many factors, including many that are outside the Company’s control, such as National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") risk based capital formulas, rating agency capital models, Funds at Lloyd's
4

and Solvency Capital Requirement, which can in turn affect our credit and financial strength ratings, cost of capital, regulatory compliance and other aspects of our business and results;
◦losses due to nonperformance or defaults by others, including credit risk with counterparties associated with investments, derivatives, premiums receivable, reinsurance recoverables and indemnifications provided by third parties in connection with previous dispositions;
◦the potential for losses due to our reinsurers' unwillingness or inability to meet their obligations under reinsurance contracts and the availability, pricing and adequacy of reinsurance to protect the Company against losses;
◦state and international regulatory limitations on the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to declare and pay dividends;
•Risks Relating to Estimates, Assumptions and Valuations:
◦risks associated with the use of analytical models in making decisions in key areas such as underwriting, pricing, capital management, reserving, investments, reinsurance and catastrophe risk management;
◦the potential for differing interpretations of the methodologies, estimations and assumptions that underlie the Company’s fair value estimates for its investments and the evaluation of intent-to-sell impairments and allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities and mortgage loans;
◦the potential for impairments of our goodwill;
•Strategic and Operational Risks:
◦the Company’s ability to maintain the availability of its systems and safeguard the security of its data in the event of a disaster, cyber or other information security incident or other unanticipated event;
◦the potential for difficulties arising from outsourcing and similar third-party relationships;
◦the risks, challenges and uncertainties associated with capital management plans, expense reduction initiatives and other actions;
◦risks associated with acquisitions and divestitures, including the challenges of integrating acquired companies or businesses, which may result in our inability to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies and may result in unintended consequences;
◦difficulty in attracting and retaining talented and qualified personnel, including key employees, such as executives, managers and employees with strong technological, analytical and other specialized skills;
◦the Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and defend against claims of infringement;
•Regulatory and Legal Risks:
◦the cost and other potential effects of increased federal, state and international regulatory and legislative developments, including those that could adversely impact the demand for the Company’s products, operating costs and required capital levels;
◦unfavorable judicial or legislative developments;
◦the impact of changes in federal, state or foreign tax laws;
◦regulatory requirements that could delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt that stockholders might consider in their best interests; and
◦the impact of potential changes in accounting principles and related financial reporting requirements.
Any forward-looking statement made by the Company in this document speaks only as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-Q. Factors or events that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all of them. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
5

|

Table of Contents |  |

Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements

Item 1. |  |  |  |

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.
Hartford, Connecticut
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2024, the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 23, 2024, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding a change in accounting principle for the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts issued by insurance companies. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
April 25, 2024
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Table of Contents |  |

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except for per share data) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  | (Unaudited)
Revenues |  |  |  |  |
Earned premiums |  |  |  | $ | 5,446 |  | $ | 5,063 |
Fee income |  |  |  | 333 |  | 319 |
Net investment income |  |  |  | 593 |  | 515 |
Net realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | 28 |  | (7) |
Other revenues |  |  |  | 19 |  | 20 |
Total revenues |  |  |  | 6,419 |  | 5,910 |
Benefits, losses and expenses |  |  |  |  |
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  | 3,611 |  | 3,482 |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") |  |  |  | 545 |  | 491 |
Insurance operating costs and other expenses |  |  |  | 1,283 |  | 1,216 |
Interest expense |  |  |  | 50 |  | 50 |
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  |  | 18 |  | 18 |
Restructuring and other costs |  |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Total benefits, losses and expenses |  |  |  | 5,508 |  | 5,257 |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  | 911 |  | 653 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  | 158 |  | 118 |
Net income |  |  |  | 753 |  | 535 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  |  |  | $ | 748 |  | $ | 530 |
Net income available to common stockholders per common share |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  | $ | 2.51 |  | $ | 1.69 |
Diluted |  |  |  | $ | 2.47 |  | $ | 1.66 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents |  |

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  | (Unaudited)
Net income |  |  |  | $ | 753 |  | $ | 535 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI"): |  |  |  |  |
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on fixed maturities, available-for-sale ("AFS") |  |  |  | (160) |  | 586 |
Change in unrealized losses on fixed maturities with an allowance for credit losses ("ACL") |  |  |  | 1 |  | (6) |
Change in net gain (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments |  |  |  | — |  | 8 |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  | (1) |  | 2 |
Change in liability for future policy benefits adjustments |  |  |  | 5 |  | (8) |
Change in pension and other postretirement plan adjustments |  |  |  | 7 |  | 5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  | (148) |  | 587 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  | $ | 605 |  | $ | 1,122 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents |  |

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in millions, except for share and per share data) | March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023
| (Unaudited) |
Assets |
Investments: |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS, at fair value (amortized cost of $42,946 and $41,726, and ACL of $18 and $21) | $ | 40,840 |  | $ | 39,818 |
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option ("FVO Securities") | 292 |  | 327 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 736 |  | 864 |
Mortgage loans (net of ACL of $48 and $51) | 6,197 |  | 6,087 |
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments | 4,866 |  | 4,785 |
Other investments | 201 |  | 191 |
Short-term investments | 2,975 |  | 3,850 |
Total investments | 56,107 |  | 55,922 |
Cash | 274 |  | 126 |
Restricted cash | 48 |  | 63 |
Accrued investment income | 415 |  | 404 |
Premiums receivable and agents' balances (net of ACL of $111 and $109) | 5,988 |  | 5,607 |
Reinsurance recoverables (net of allowance for uncollectible reinsurance of $101 and $103) | 7,094 |  | 7,104 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 1,169 |  | 1,113 |
Deferred income taxes, net | 1,182 |  | 1,173 |
Goodwill | 1,911 |  | 1,911 |
Property and equipment, net | 879 |  | 896 |
Other intangible assets, net | 690 |  | 707 |
Other assets | 1,953 |  | 1,754 |
Total assets | $ | 77,710 |  | $ | 76,780 |
Liabilities |  |
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | $ | 42,771 |  | $ | 42,318 |
Reserve for future policy benefits | 479 |  | 484 |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | 633 |  | 638 |
Unearned premiums | 9,020 |  | 8,599 |
Long-term debt | 4,363 |  | 4,362 |
Other liabilities | 4,976 |  | 5,052 |
Total liabilities | 62,242 |  | 61,453 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13) |  |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value — 50,000,000 shares authorized, 13,800 shares issued at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregate liquidation preference of $345 | 334 |  | 334 |
Common stock, $0.01 par value —1,500,000,000 shares authorized, 326,960,228 shares issued at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 3 |  | 3 |
Additional paid-in capital | 551 |  | 648 |
Retained earnings | 19,614 |  | 19,007 |
Treasury stock, at cost 30,153,089 and 28,488,130 shares | (2,037) |  | (1,816) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), net of tax | (2,997) |  | (2,849) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 15,468 |  | 15,327 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 77,710 |  | $ | 76,780 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents |  |

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except for share and per share data) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  | (Unaudited)
Preferred Stock |  |  |  | $ | 334 |  | $ | 334 |
Common Stock |  |  |  | 3 |  | 3 |
Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  |  |  |
Additional Paid-in Capital, beginning of period |  |  |  | 648 |  | 1,895 |
Issuance of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans and other |  |  |  | (161) |  | (114) |
Stock-based compensation plans expense |  |  |  | 64 |  | 66 |
Additional Paid-in Capital, end of period |  |  |  | 551 |  | 1,847 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |
Retained Earnings, beginning of period |  |  |  | 19,007 |  | 17,058 |
Net income |  |  |  | 753 |  | 535 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock |  |  |  | (5) |  | (5) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  |  |  | (141) |  | (134) |
Retained Earnings, end of period |  |  |  | 19,614 |  | 17,454 |
Treasury Stock, at cost |  |  |  |  |
Treasury Stock, at cost, beginning of period |  |  |  | (1,816) |  | (1,773) |
Treasury stock acquired |  |  |  | (353) |  | (354) |
Issuance of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans from treasury stock and other |  |  |  | 211 |  | 132 |
Net shares acquired related to employee incentive and stock compensation plans |  |  |  | (79) |  | (49) |
Treasury Stock, at cost, end of period |  |  |  | (2,037) |  | (2,044) |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax, beginning of period |  |  |  | (2,849) |  | (3,841) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  | (148) |  | 587 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax, end of period |  |  |  | (2,997) |  | (3,254) |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  | $ | 15,468 |  | $ | 14,340 |
Preferred Shares Outstanding |  |  |  | 13,800 |  | 13,800 |
Common Shares Outstanding (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Common Shares Outstanding, beginning of period |  |  |  | 298,472 |  | 315,111 |
Treasury stock acquired |  |  |  | (3,847) |  | (4,719) |
Issuance of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans and other |  |  |  | 3,004 |  | 2,005 |
Return of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans to treasury stock |  |  |  | (822) |  | (617) |
Common Shares Outstanding, at end of period |  |  |  | 296,807 |  | 311,780 |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  |  |  | $ | 0.470 |  | $ | 0.425 |
Cash dividends declared per preferred share |  |  |  | $ | 375.00 |  | $ | 375.00 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents |  |

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2024 | 2023
Operating Activities | (Unaudited)
Net income | $ | 753 |  | $ | 535 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |
Net realized losses (gains) | (28) |  | 7 |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 545 |  | 491 |
Additions to deferred policy acquisition costs | (601) |  | (548) |
Depreciation and amortization | 127 |  | 129 |
Other operating activities, net | 119 |  | 122 |
Change in assets and liabilities: |  |
Decrease in reinsurance recoverables | 11 |  | 29 |
Net change in accrued and deferred income taxes | 102 |  | 90 |
Increase in insurance liabilities | 870 |  | 761 |
Net change in premiums receivable and agents' balances | (396) |  | (334) |
Net change in other assets and other liabilities | (405) |  | (411) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,097 |  | 871 |
Investing Activities |  |
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of: |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS | 1,548 |  | 2,228 |
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option | — |  | — |
Equity securities, at fair value | 176 |  | 1,422 |
Mortgage loans | 165 |  | 204 |
Limited partnership and other alternative investments | 32 |  | 96 |
Payments for the purchase of: |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS | (2,752) |  | (2,767) |
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option | — |  | — |
Equity securities, at fair value | (5) |  | (891) |
Mortgage loans | (268) |  | (252) |
Limited partnership and other alternative investments | (156) |  | (273) |
Net proceeds from derivatives | — |  | 23 |
Net additions of property and equipment | (50) |  | (49) |
Net proceeds from (payments for) short-term investments | 875 |  | (180) |
Other investing activities, net | — |  | (7) |
Net cash used for investing activities | (435) |  | (446) |
Financing Activities |  |
Deposits and other additions to investment and universal life-type contracts | 37 |  | 18 |
Withdrawals and other deductions from investment and universal life-type contracts | (43) |  | (42) |
Net return of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans | (27) |  | (32) |
Treasury stock acquired | (350) |  | (350) |
Dividends paid on preferred stock | (5) |  | (5) |
Dividends paid on common stock | (141) |  | (134) |
Net cash used for financing activities | (529) |  | (545) |
Foreign exchange rate effect on cash | — |  | (6) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash | 133 |  | (126) |
Cash and restricted cash – beginning of period | 189 |  | 344 |
Cash and restricted cash– end of period | $ | 322 |  | $ | 218 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |  |
Income tax paid | $ | 2 |  | $ | — |
Interest paid | $ | 52 |  | $ | 61 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in millions, except for per share data, unless otherwise stated)
(Unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. is a holding company for insurance and financial services subsidiaries that provide property and casualty insurance, group benefits insurance and services and mutual funds and exchange-traded funds ("ETF") to individual and business customers in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom and other international locations (collectively, “The Hartford”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”).
The Condens ed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, which differ materially from the accounting practices prescribed by various insurance regulatory authorities. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes are unaudited. These financial statements reflect all adjustments (generally consisting only of normal accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods.
Consolidation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., and entities in which the Company directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest. Entities in which the Company has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but does not control are reported using the equity method. Intercompany transactions and balances between The Hartford and its subsidiaries and affiliates have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The most significant estimates include those used in determining property and casualty and group long-term disability ("LTD") insurance product reserves, net of reinsurance; evaluation of goodwill for impairment; valuation of investments and derivative instruments; and contingencies relating to corporate litigation and regulatory matters.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial information to conform to the current period presentation.
2. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions, except for per share data) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Earnings |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  | $ | 753 |  | $ | 535 |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  |  |  | $ | 748 |  | $ | 530 |
Shares |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic |  |  |  | 298.1 |  | 314.0 |
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards under compensation plans |  |  |  | 4.5 |  | 4.6 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares |  |  |  | 302.6 |  | 318.6 |
Net income available to common stockholders per common share |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  | $ | 2.51 |  | $ | 1.69 |
Diluted |  |  |  | $ | 2.47 |  | $ | 1.66 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 3 - Segment Information

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company currently conducts business principally in five reporting segments including Commercial Lines, Personal Lines, Property & Casualty ("P&C") Other Operations, Group Benefits and Hartford Funds, as well as a Corporate category.

Net Income (Loss)
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Commercial Lines |  |  |  | $ | 573 |  | $ | 421 |
Personal Lines |  |  |  | 34 |  | (1) |
Property & Casualty Other Operations |  |  |  | 8 |  | 6 |
Group Benefits |  |  |  | 108 |  | 92 |
Hartford Funds |  |  |  | 45 |  | 41 |
Corporate |  |  |  | (15) |  | (24) |
Net income |  |  |  | 753 |  | 535 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  |  |  | $ | 748 |  | $ | 530 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 3 - Segment Information

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Revenues

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Earned premiums and fee income: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Lines |  |  |  |  |
Workers’ compensation |  |  |  | $ | 917 |  | $ | 898 |
Liability |  |  |  | 526 |  | 486 |
Marine |  |  |  | 67 |  | 59 |
Package business |  |  |  | 549 |  | 484 |
Property |  |  |  | 290 |  | 228 |
Professional liability |  |  |  | 203 |  | 188 |
Bond |  |  |  | 78 |  | 77 |
Assumed reinsurance |  |  |  | 181 |  | 138 |
Automobile |  |  |  | 248 |  | 218 |
Total Commercial Lines |  |  |  | 3,059 |  | 2,776 |
Personal Lines |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  |  | 572 |  | 515 |
Homeowners |  |  |  | 249 |  | 232 |
Total Personal Lines [1] |  |  |  | 821 |  | 747 |
Group Benefits |  |  |  |  |
Group disability |  |  |  | 890 |  | 866 |
Group life |  |  |  | 645 |  | 643 |
Other |  |  |  | 104 |  | 100 |
Total Group Benefits |  |  |  | 1,639 |  | 1,609 |
Hartford Funds |  |  |  |  |
Mutual fund and ETF |  |  |  | 231 |  | 223 |
Third-party life and annuity separate accounts |  |  |  | 19 |  | 18 |
Total Hartford Funds |  |  |  | 250 |  | 241 |
Corporate |  |  |  | 10 |  | 9 |
Total earned premiums and fee income |  |  |  | 5,779 |  | 5,382 |
Net investment income |  |  |  | 593 |  | 515 |
Net realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | 28 |  | (7) |
Other revenues |  |  |  | 19 |  | 20 |
Total revenues |  |  |  | $ | 6,419 |  | $ | 5,910 |

[1]For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, AARP members accounted for earned premiums of $758 and $689, respectively.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 3 - Segment Information

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Non-Insurance Revenue from Contracts with Customers

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| Revenue Line Item |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Commercial Lines |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment billing fees | Fee income |  |  |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 10 |
Personal Lines |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment billing fees | Fee income |  |  |  | 8 |  | 8 |
Insurance servicing revenues | Other revenues |  |  |  | 19 |  | 19 |
Group Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative services | Fee income |  |  |  | 54 |  | 51 |
Hartford Funds |  |  |  |  |  |
Advisory, servicing and distribution fees | Fee income |  |  |  | 250 |  | 241 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment management and other fees | Fee income |  |  |  | 10 |  | 9 |
Total non-insurance revenues with customers |  |  |  |  | $ | 352 |  | $ | 338 |

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company carries certain financial assets and liabilities at estimated fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. Our fair value framework includes a hierarchy that gives the highest priority to the use of quoted prices in active markets, followed by the use of market observable inputs, followed by the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy levels are as follows:
Level 1 Fair values based primarily on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities, in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 Fair values primarily based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, or based on prices for similar assets and liabilities.
Level 3 Fair values derived when one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). With little or no observable market, the determination of fair values uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability. Also included are securities that are traded within illiquid markets and/or priced by independent brokers.
The Company will classify the financial asset or liability by level based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value. In most cases, both observable inputs (e.g., changes in interest rates) and unobservable inputs (e.g., changes in risk assumptions) are used to determine fair values that the Company has classified within Level 3.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of March 31, 2024
| Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |
Asset backed securities ("ABS") | $ | 3,499 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,483 |  | $ | 16 |
Collateralized loan obligations ("CLO") | 3,168 |  | — |  | 2,984 |  | 184 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") | 3,050 |  | — |  | 2,809 |  | 241 |
Corporate | 18,657 |  | — |  | 16,734 |  | 1,923 |
Foreign government/government agencies | 548 |  | — |  | 548 |  | — |
Municipal | 5,941 |  | — |  | 5,941 |  | — |
Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") | 4,473 |  | — |  | 4,404 |  | 69 |
U.S. Treasuries | 1,504 |  | — |  | 1,504 |  | — |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | 40,840 |  | — |  | 38,407 |  | 2,433 |
FVO securities | 292 |  | — |  | 125 |  | 167 |
Equity securities, at fair value [1] | 736 |  | 344 |  | 334 |  | 58 |
Derivative assets |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives | 29 |  | — |  | 29 |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 17 |  | — |  | 17 |  | — |
Interest rate derivatives | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |
Total derivative assets [2] | 47 |  | — |  | 47 |  | — |
Short-term investments | 2,975 |  | 442 |  | 2,507 |  | 26 |
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 44,890 |  | $ | 786 |  | $ | 41,420 |  | $ | 2,684 |
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives | $ | (29) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (29) |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 10 |  | — |  | 10 |  | — |
Interest rate derivatives | (3) |  | — |  | (3) |  | — |
Total derivative liabilities [3] | (22) |  | — |  | (22) |  | — |
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | (22) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (22) |  | $ | — |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2023
| Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |
ABS | $ | 3,320 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,320 |  | $ | — |
CLO | 3,090 |  | — |  | 2,977 |  | 113 |
CMBS | 3,125 |  | — |  | 2,898 |  | 227 |
Corporate | 17,866 |  | — |  | 16,005 |  | 1,861 |
Foreign government/government agencies | 562 |  | — |  | 562 |  | — |
Municipal | 6,039 |  | — |  | 6,039 |  | — |
RMBS | 4,287 |  | — |  | 4,251 |  | 36 |
U.S. Treasuries | 1,529 |  | 18 |  | 1,511 |  | — |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | 39,818 |  | 18 |  | 37,563 |  | 2,237 |
FVO securities | 327 |  | — |  | 160 |  | 167 |
Equity securities, at fair value [1] | 864 |  | 333 |  | 473 |  | 58 |
Derivative assets |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives | (10) |  | — |  | (10) |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 9 |  | — |  | 9 |  | — |
Total derivative assets [2] | (1) |  | — |  | (1) |  | — |
Short-term investments | 3,850 |  | 1,400 |  | 2,425 |  | 25 |
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 44,858 |  | $ | 1,751 |  | $ | 40,620 |  | $ | 2,487 |
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives | $ | 10 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 4 |  | — |  | 4 |  | — |
Interest rate derivatives | (6) |  | — |  | (6) |  | — |
Total derivative liabilities [3] | 8 |  | — |  | 8 |  | — |
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 8 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | — |

[1]Level 3 includes investments that have contractual sales restrictions that require consent to sell and are in place for the duration that the securities are held by the Company.
[2]Includes derivative instruments in a net positive fair value position after consideration of the accrued interest and impact of collateral posting requirements which may be imposed by agreements and applicable law. See footnote 3 to this table for derivative liabilities.
[3]Includes derivative instruments in a net negative fair value position (derivative liability) after consideration of the accrued interest and impact of collateral posting requirements which may be imposed by agreements and applicable law.
The Company has overseas deposits included in other investments of $75 as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which are measured at fair value using the net asset value as a practical expedient.
Fixed Maturities, Equity Securities, Short-term Investments, and Derivatives
Valuation Techniques
The Company generally determines fair values using valuation techniques that use prices, rates, and other relevant information evident from market transactions involving identical or similar
instruments. Valuation techniques also include, where appropriate, estimates of future cash flows that are converted into a single discounted amount using current market expectations. The Company uses a "waterfall" approach comprised of the following pricing sources and techniques, which are listed in priority order:
•Quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, which are classified as Level 1.
•Prices from third-party pricing services, which primarily utilize a combination of techniques. These services utilize recently reported trades of identical, similar, or benchmark securities making adjustments for market observable inputs available through the reporting date. If there are no recently reported trades, they may use a discounted cash flow
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
technique to develop a price using expected cash flows based upon the anticipated future performance of the underlying collateral discounted at an estimated market rate. Both techniques develop prices that consider the time value of future cash flows and provide a margin for risk, including liquidity and credit risk. Most prices provided by third-party pricing services are classified as Level 2 because the inputs used in pricing the securities are observable. However, some securities that are less liquid or trade less actively are classified as Level 3. Additionally, certain long-dated securities include benchmark interest rate or credit spread assumptions that are not observable in the marketplace and are thus classified as Level 3.
•Internal matrix pricing is a valuation process internally developed for private placement securities for which the Company is unable to obtain a price from a third-party pricing service. Internal pricing matrices determine credit spreads that, when combined with risk-free rates, are applied to contractual cash flows to develop a price. The Company develops credit spreads using market based data for public securities adjusted for credit spread differentials between public and private securities, which are obtained from a survey of multiple private placement brokers. The market-based reference credit spread considers the issuer’s sector, financial strength, and term to maturity, using an independent public security index, while the credit spread differential considers the non-public nature of the security. Securities priced using internal matrix pricing are classified as Level 2 because the significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated with observable data.
•Independent broker quotes, which are typically non-binding, use inputs that can be difficult to corroborate with observable market-based data. Brokers may use present value techniques using assumptions specific to the security types, or they may use recent transactions of similar securities. Due to the lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, valuations that are based on independent broker quotes are classified as Level 3.
The fair value of derivative instruments is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model or option model technique and incorporates counterparty credit risk. In some cases, quoted market prices for exchange-traded and over-the-counter ("OTC") cleared derivatives may be used and in other cases independent broker quotes may be used. The pricing valuation models primarily use inputs that are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data. The valuation of certain derivatives may include significant inputs that are unobservable, such as volatility levels, and reflect the Company’s view of what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments.
Valuation Controls
The process for determining the fair value of investments is monitored by the Valuation Committee, which is a cross-functional group of senior management within the Company. The purpose of the Valuation Committee is to provide oversight of the pricing policy, procedures, and controls, including approval of valuation methodologies and pricing sources. The Valuation Committee reviews market data trends, pricing statistics and trading statistics to ensure that prices are reasonable and consistent with our fair value framework. Controls and procedures used to assess third-party pricing services are reviewed by the Valuation Committee, including the results of annual due-diligence reviews. Controls include, but are not limited to, reviewing daily and monthly price changes, stale prices, and missing prices and comparing new trade prices to third-party pricing services, weekly price changes to published bond index prices, and daily OTC derivative market valuations to counterparty valuations. The Company has a dedicated pricing group that works with trading and investment professionals to challenge prices received by a third-party pricing source if the Company believes that the valuation received does not accurately reflect the fair value. New valuation models and changes to current models require approval by the Valuation Committee. In addition, the Company’s enterprise-wide Operational Risk Management function provides an independent review of the suitability and reliability of model inputs, as well as an analysis of significant changes to current models.
Valuation Inputs
Quoted prices for identical assets in active markets are considered Level 1 and consist of on-the-run U.S. Treasuries, money market funds, exchange-traded equity securities, open-ended mutual funds, certain short-term investments, and exchange traded derivative instruments.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Valuation Inputs Used in Levels 2 and 3 Measurements for Securities and Derivatives
Level 2 Primary Observable Inputs | Level 3 Primary Unobservable Inputs
Fixed Maturity Investments
Structured securities (includes ABS, CLO, CMBS and RMBS)
| • Benchmark yields and spreads • Monthly payment information • Collateral performance, which varies by vintage year and includes delinquency rates, loss severity rates and refinancing assumptions • Credit default swap indices Other inputs for ABS, CLO, and RMBS: • Estimate of future principal prepayments, derived from the characteristics of the underlying structure • Prepayment speeds previously experienced at the interest rate levels projected for the collateral |  | • Independent broker quotes • Credit spreads beyond observable curve • Interest rates beyond observable curve Other inputs for less liquid securities or those that trade less actively, including subprime RMBS: • Estimated cash flows • Credit spreads, which include illiquidity premium • Constant prepayment rates • Constant default rates • Loss severity
Corporates
| • Benchmark yields and spreads • Reported trades, bids, offers of the same or similar securities • Issuer spreads and credit default swap curves Other inputs for investment grade privately placed securities that utilize internal matrix pricing: • Credit spreads for public securities of similar quality, maturity, and sector, adjusted for non-public nature |  | • Independent broker quotes • Credit spreads beyond observable curve • Interest rates beyond observable curve Other inputs for below investment grade privately placed securities and private bank loans: • Credit spreads for public securities of similar quality, maturity, and sector, adjusted for non-public nature
U.S. Treasuries, Municipals, and Foreign government/government agencies
| • Benchmark yields and spreads • Issuer credit default swap curves • Political events in emerging market economies • Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board reported trades and material event notices • Issuer financial statements |  | • Credit spreads beyond observable curve • Interest rates beyond observable curve
Equity Securities
| • Quoted prices in markets that are not active |  | • For privately traded equity securities, internal discounted cash flow models utilizing earnings multiples or other cash flow assumptions that are not observable
Short-term Investments
| • Benchmark yields and spreads • Reported trades, bids, offers • Issuer spreads and credit default swap curves • Material event notices and new issue money market rates |  | • Independent broker quotes • For privately traded investments, credit spreads for public securities of similar quality, maturity, and sector, adjusted for non-public nature
Derivatives
Credit derivatives
| • Swap yield curve • Credit default swap curves |  | • Not applicable
Foreign exchange derivatives
| • Swap yield curve • Currency spot and forward rates • Cross currency basis curves |  | • Not applicable
Interest rate derivatives
| • Swap yield curve |  | • Not applicable

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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Securities |  |
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis | Fair Value | Predominant Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Input | Minimum | Maximum | Weighted Average [1] | Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [2] |  |
As of March 31, 2024 |  |
CLO [3] | $ | 124 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 259 bps | 260 bps | 260 bps | Decrease |  |
CMBS [3] | $ | 239 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread (encompasses prepayment, default risk and loss severity) | 235 bps | 1,225 bps | 430 bps | Decrease |  |
Corporate [4] | $ | 1,806 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 7 bps | 714 bps | 304 bps | Decrease |  |
RMBS | $ | 69 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread [6] | 44 bps | 420 bps | 158 bps | Decrease |  |
|  |  | Constant prepayment rate [6] | —% | 17% | 4% | Decrease [5] |  |
|  |  | Constant default rate [6] | 1% | 3% | 2% | Decrease |  |
|  |  | Loss severity [6] | 30% | 64% | 38% | Decrease |  |
Short-term investments [3] | $ | 16 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 887 bps | 887 bps | 887 bps | Decrease |  |
As of December 31, 2023 |  |
CLO [3] | $ | 98 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 268 bps | 270 bps | 269 bps | Decrease |  |
CMBS [3] | $ | 226 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread (encompasses prepayment, default risk and loss severity) | 365 bps | 1,315 bps | 509 bps | Decrease |  |
Corporate [4] | $ | 1,741 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 49 bps | 743 bps | 323 bps | Decrease |  |
RMBS | $ | 36 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread [6] | 32 bps | 298 bps | 161 bps | Decrease |  |
|  |  | Constant prepayment rate [6] | 1% | 5% | 4% | Decrease [5] |  |
|  |  | Constant default rate [6] | 1% | 5% | 2% | Decrease |  |
|  |  | Loss severity [6] | 10% | 70% | 41% | Decrease |  |
Short-term investments [3] | $ | 15 |  | Discounted cash flows | Spread | 579 bps | 1,254 bps | 1,225 bps | Decrease |  |

[1]The weighted average is determined based on the fair value of the securities.
[2]Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table.
[3]Excludes securities for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations.
[4]Excludes securities for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations; however, included are broker priced lower-rated private placement securities for which the Company receives spread and yield information to corroborate the fair value.
[5]Decrease for above market rate coupons and increase for below market rate coupons.
[6]Generally, a change in the assumption used for the constant default rate would have been accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for constant prepayment rate and would have resulted in wider spreads.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of the Company's level 3 derivatives were less than $1 for both periods.
The table above excludes certain securities for which fair values are predominately based on independent broker quotes. While the Company does not have access to the significant unobservable inputs that independent brokers may use in their pricing process, the Company believes brokers likely use inputs similar to those used by the Company and third-party pricing services to price similar instruments. As such, in their pricing models, brokers likely use estimated loss severity rates, prepayment rates, constant default rates and credit spreads. Therefore, similar to non-broker priced securities, increases in these inputs would generally cause fair values to decrease. As of March 31, 2024, no significant adjustments were made by the Company to broker prices received.
Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets and liabilities. However, the derivative instrument may not be classified within the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated asset or liability.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Fair Value Rollforwards for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3 for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair value as of January 1, 2024 | Included in net income [1] | Included in OCI [2] | Purchases | Settlements | Sales | Transfers into Level 3 [3] | Transfers out of Level 3 [3] | Fair value as of March 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ABS | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 16 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 16 |
| CLO | 113 |  | — |  | — |  | 130 |  | (12) |  | — |  | — |  | (47) |  | 184 |
| CMBS | 227 |  | — |  | 10 |  | — |  | (2) |  | — |  | 6 |  | — |  | 241 |
| Corporate | 1,861 |  | — |  | (15) |  | 106 |  | (27) |  | (2) |  | — |  | — |  | 1,923 |
| RMBS | 36 |  | — |  | — |  | 38 |  | (5) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 69 |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | 2,237 |  | — |  | (5) |  | 290 |  | (46) |  | (2) |  | 6 |  | (47) |  | 2,433 |
FVO securities | 167 |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | (3) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 167 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 58 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 58 |
Short-term investments | 25 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 26 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,487 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | 291 |  | $ | (49) |  | $ | (2) |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | (47) |  | $ | 2,684 |

Fair Value Rollforwards for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3 for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair value as of January 1, 2023 | Included in net income [1] | Included in OCI [2] | Purchases | Settlements | Sales | Transfers into Level 3 [3] | Transfers out of Level 3 [3] | Fair value as of March 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ABS | $ | 30 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 36 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (30) |  | $ | 36 |
| CLO | 115 |  | — |  | — |  | 40 |  | (4) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 151 |
| CMBS | 222 |  | — |  | (5) |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 10 |  | — |  | 231 |
| Corporate | 1,589 |  | 1 |  | 31 |  | 66 |  | (51) |  | (7) |  | 27 |  | (13) |  | 1,643 |
| RMBS | 95 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (8) |  | — |  | — |  | (30) |  | 57 |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | 2,051 |  | 1 |  | 26 |  | 146 |  | (63) |  | (7) |  | 37 |  | (73) |  | 2,118 |
FVO securities | 178 |  | (8) |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 172 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 61 |  | (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 60 |
Short-term investments | 193 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | (7) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 187 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,483 |  | $ | (8) |  | $ | 26 |  | $ | 148 |  | $ | (69) |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 37 |  | $ | (73) |  | $ | 2,537 |

[1]Amounts in these columns are generally reported in net realized gains (losses). All amounts are before income taxes.
[2]All amounts are before income taxes.
[3]Transfers into and/or (out of) Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3 Still Held at End of Period
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | Changes in Unrealized Gain/(Loss) included in Net Income [1] [2] |  | Changes in Unrealized Gain/(Loss) included in OCI [3]
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| CMBS |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | (5) |
| Corporate |  |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (15) |  | 31 |
Total fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (5) |  | 26 |
FVO securities |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | (8) |  |  | — |  | — |
Total Assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | 26 |

[1]All amounts in these rows are reported in net realized gains (losses). All amounts are before income taxes.
[2]Amounts presented are for Level 3 only and therefore may not agree to other disclosures included herein.
[3]Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities, AFS are reported in changes in net unrealized gain (loss) on fixed maturities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected the fair value option for certain investments in residual interests of securitizations and other securities that contain embedded credit derivatives with underlying credit risk related to residential real estate in order to reflect changes in fair value in earnings. These instruments are included within FVO securities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and changes in the fair value of these investments are reported in net realized gains and losses.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of assets using the fair value option was $292 and $327, respectively, of which $167 were residual interests of securitizations for both periods.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, realized gains (losses) related to the change in fair value of assets using the fair value option were $4 and $(8), respectively.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Fair Value Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount [1] | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount [1] | Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans | Level 3 | $ | 6,197 |  | $ | 5,618 |  |  | Level 3 | $ | 6,087 |  | $ | 5,584 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable | Level 3 | $ | 633 |  | $ | 633 |  |  | Level 3 | $ | 638 |  | $ | 639 |
Senior notes [2] | Level 2 | $ | 3,864 |  | $ | 3,491 |  |  | Level 2 | $ | 3,863 |  | $ | 3,533 |
Junior subordinated debentures [2] | Level 2 | $ | 499 |  | $ | 445 |  |  | Level 2 | $ | 499 |  | $ | 429 |

[1]As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of mortgage loans is net of ACL of $48 and $51, respectively.
[2]Included in long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, except for any current maturities, which are included in short-term debt when applicable.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
5. INVESTMENTS

Net Realized Gains (Losses)
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(Before tax) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Gross gains on sales of fixed maturities |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | 17 |
Gross losses on sales of fixed maturities |  |  |  | (11) |  | (39) |
Equity securities [1] |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gains (losses) on sales of equity securities |  |  |  | (12) |  | 50 |
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) of equity securities |  |  |  | 47 |  | (15) |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities |  |  |  | 35 |  | 35 |
Net credit losses on fixed maturities, AFS |  |  |  | (1) |  | (5) |
Change in ACL on mortgage loans |  |  |  | 3 |  | — |
Other, net [2] |  |  |  | (3) |  | (15) |
Net realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | $ | 28 |  | $ | (7) |

[1]The change in net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held as of the end of the period and included in net realized gains (losses) were $36 and $2 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
[2]For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023 includes gains (losses) from transactional foreign currency revaluation of $2 and $(7), respectively, and gains (losses) on non-qualifying derivatives of $(2), and $5, respectively.
Proceeds from the sales of fixed maturities, AFS totaled $0.4 billion and $1.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Accrued Investment Income on Fixed Maturities, AFS and Mortgage Loans
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company reported accrued investment income related to fixed maturities, AFS of $381 and $371, respectively, and accrued investment income related to mortgage loans of $21 and $20, respectively. These amounts are not included in the carrying value of the fixed maturities or mortgage loans. Investment income on fixed maturities and mortgage loans is accrued unless it is past due over 90 days or management deems the interest uncollectible. The Company does not include the current accrued investment income balance when estimating the ACL. The Company has a policy to write-off accrued investment income balances that are more than 90 days past due. Write-offs of accrued investment income are recorded as a credit loss component of net realized gains and losses.
Recognition and Presentation of Intent-to-Sell Impairments and ACL on Fixed Maturities, AFS
The Company will record an "intent-to-sell impairment" as a reduction to the amortized cost of fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position if the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the fixed maturity before a recovery in value. A corresponding charge is recorded in net realized losses equal to the difference between the fair value on the impairment date and the amortized cost basis of the fixed maturity before recognizing the impairment.
For fixed maturities where a credit loss has been identified and no intent-to-sell impairment has been recorded, the Company will record an ACL for the portion of the unrealized loss related to the credit loss. Any remaining unrealized loss on a fixed maturity after recording an ACL is the non-credit amount and is recorded in OCI. The ACL is the excess of the amortized cost over the greater of the Company's best estimate of the present value of expected future cash flows or the security's fair value. Cash flows are discounted at the effective yield that is used to record interest income. The ACL cannot exceed the unrealized loss and, therefore, it may fluctuate with changes in the fair value of the fixed maturity if the fair value is greater than the Company's best estimate of the present value of expected future cash flows. The initial ACL and any subsequent changes are recorded in net realized gains and losses. The ACL is written off against the amortized cost in the period in which all or a portion of the related fixed maturity is determined to be uncollectible.
Developing the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with certain internal assumptions regarding the future performance. The Company's considerations include, but are not limited to, (a) changes in the financial condition of the issuer and/or the underlying collateral, (b) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (c) credit ratings, (d) payment structure of the security and (e) the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security.
For non-structured securities, assumptions include, but are not limited to, economic and industry-specific trends and fundamentals, instrument-specific developments including changes in credit ratings, industry earnings multiples and the issuer’s ability to restructure, access capital markets, and execute asset sales.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
For structured securities, assumptions include, but are not limited to, various performance indicators such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, current and projected delinquency rates, loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios, average cumulative collateral loss rates that vary by vintage year, prepayment speeds, and property value declines. These
assumptions require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability of issuer default and estimates regarding timing and amount of expected recoveries which may include estimating the underlying collateral value.

ACL on Fixed Maturities, AFS by Type
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
(Before tax) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate |  | CMBS | Total |  | Corporate |  | CMBS | Total |  |  |
Balance as of beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |
Credit losses on fixed maturities where an allowance was not previously recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Net increases (decreases) on fixed maturities where an allowance was previously recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |
Write-offs charged against the allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |
Balance as of end of period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 17 |  |  |  |

Fixed Maturities, AFS

Fixed Maturities, AFS, by Type
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | ACL | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost | ACL | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value |
ABS | $ | 3,527 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | (43) |  | $ | 3,499 |  |  |  | $ | 3,347 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | (45) |  | $ | 3,320 |  |
CLO | 3,168 |  | — |  | 5 |  | (5) |  | 3,168 |  |  |  | 3,104 |  | — |  | 3 |  | (17) |  | 3,090 |  |
CMBS | 3,345 |  | (12) |  | 20 |  | (303) |  | 3,050 |  |  |  | 3,466 |  | (12) |  | 19 |  | (348) |  | 3,125 |  |
Corporate | 19,598 |  | (6) |  | 144 |  | (1,079) |  | 18,657 |  |  |  | 18,691 |  | (9) |  | 197 |  | (1,013) |  | 17,866 |  |
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 574 |  | — |  | 4 |  | (30) |  | 548 |  |  |  | 583 |  | — |  | 6 |  | (27) |  | 562 |  |
Municipal | 6,175 |  | — |  | 101 |  | (335) |  | 5,941 |  |  |  | 6,207 |  | — |  | 131 |  | (299) |  | 6,039 |  |
RMBS | 4,889 |  | — |  | 10 |  | (426) |  | 4,473 |  |  |  | 4,675 |  | — |  | 18 |  | (406) |  | 4,287 |  |
U.S. Treasuries | 1,670 |  | — |  | 12 |  | (178) |  | 1,504 |  |  |  | 1,653 |  | — |  | 26 |  | (150) |  | 1,529 |  |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | $ | 42,946 |  | $ | (18) |  | $ | 311 |  | $ | (2,399) |  | $ | 40,840 |  |  |  | $ | 41,726 |  | $ | (21) |  | $ | 418 |  | $ | (2,305) |  | $ | 39,818 |  |

Fixed Maturities, AFS, by Contractual Maturity Year
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
One year or less | $ | 1,541 |  | $ | 1,517 |  |  | $ | 1,526 |  | $ | 1,501 |
Over one year through five years | 10,212 |  | 9,900 |  |  | 9,670 |  | 9,433 |
Over five years through ten years | 6,440 |  | 6,074 |  |  | 6,568 |  | 6,211 |
Over ten years | 9,824 |  | 9,159 |  |  | 9,370 |  | 8,851 |
Subtotal | 28,017 |  | 26,650 |  |  | 27,134 |  | 25,996 |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 14,929 |  | 14,190 |  |  | 14,592 |  | 13,822 |
Total fixed maturities, AFS | $ | 42,946 |  | $ | 40,840 |  |  | $ | 41,726 |  | $ | 39,818 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 5 - Investments

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Estimated maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions. Due to the potential for variability in payment speeds (i.e., prepayments or extensions), mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are not categorized by contractual maturity.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company aims to maintain a diversified investment portfolio including issuer, sector and geographic stratification, where
applicable, and has established certain exposure limits, diversification standards and review procedures to mitigate credit risk. The Company had no investment exposure to any credit concentration risk of a single issuer greater than 10% of the Company's stockholders' equity as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023 other than U.S. government securities and certain U.S. government agencies.
Unrealized Losses on Fixed Maturities, AFS

Unrealized Loss Aging for Fixed Maturities, AFS by Type and Length of Time as of March 31, 2024
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total
|  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses
ABS |  | $ | 982 |  | $ | (7) |  |  |  | $ | 942 |  | $ | (36) |  |  |  | $ | 1,924 |  | $ | (43) |
CLO |  | 1,107 |  | (4) |  |  |  | 295 |  | (1) |  |  |  | 1,402 |  | (5) |
CMBS |  | 59 |  | (1) |  |  |  | 2,794 |  | (302) |  |  |  | 2,853 |  | (303) |
Corporate |  | 1,733 |  | (25) |  |  |  | 11,000 |  | (1,054) |  |  |  | 12,733 |  | (1,079) |
Foreign govt./govt. agencies |  | 96 |  | (1) |  |  |  | 344 |  | (29) |  |  |  | 440 |  | (30) |
Municipal |  | 664 |  | (6) |  |  |  | 3,212 |  | (329) |  |  |  | 3,876 |  | (335) |
RMBS |  | 685 |  | (8) |  |  |  | 3,061 |  | (418) |  |  |  | 3,746 |  | (426) |
U.S. Treasuries |  | 287 |  | (14) |  |  |  | 999 |  | (164) |  |  |  | 1,286 |  | (178) |
Total fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position |  | $ | 5,613 |  | $ | (66) |  |  |  | $ | 22,647 |  | $ | (2,333) |  |  |  | $ | 28,260 |  | $ | (2,399) |

Unrealized Loss Aging for Fixed Maturities, AFS by Type and Length of Time as of December 31, 2023
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total
|  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses
ABS |  | $ | 604 |  | $ | (6) |  |  |  | $ | 1,043 |  | $ | (39) |  |  |  | $ | 1,647 |  | $ | (45) |
CLO |  | 209 |  | (1) |  |  |  | 2,249 |  | (16) |  |  |  | 2,458 |  | (17) |
CMBS |  | 117 |  | (7) |  |  |  | 2,837 |  | (341) |  |  |  | 2,954 |  | (348) |
Corporate |  | 810 |  | (10) |  |  |  | 11,149 |  | (1,003) |  |  |  | 11,959 |  | (1,013) |
Foreign govt./govt. agencies |  | 27 |  | — |  |  |  | 368 |  | (27) |  |  |  | 395 |  | (27) |
Municipal |  | 329 |  | (3) |  |  |  | 3,196 |  | (296) |  |  |  | 3,525 |  | (299) |
RMBS |  | 181 |  | (3) |  |  |  | 3,207 |  | (403) |  |  |  | 3,388 |  | (406) |
U.S. Treasuries |  | 120 |  | (11) |  |  |  | 1,121 |  | (139) |  |  |  | 1,241 |  | (150) |
Total fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position |  | $ | 2,397 |  | $ | (41) |  |  |  | $ | 25,170 |  | $ | (2,264) |  |  |  | $ | 27,567 |  | $ | (2,305) |

As of March 31, 2024, fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position consisted of 4,002 instruments and were primarily depressed due to higher interest rates and/or wider credit spreads since the purchase date. As of March 31, 2024, 95% of these fixed maturities were depressed less than 20% of cost or amortized cost. The increase in unrealized losses during the three months ended March 31, 2024, was primarily attributable to higher interest rates, partially offset by tighter credit spreads.
Most of the fixed maturities depressed for twelve months or more relate to the corporate sector, RMBS, municipal bonds, and CMBS which were primarily depressed because current rates are higher and/or market spreads are wider than at the
respective purchase dates. The Company neither has an intention to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell the fixed maturities outlined in the preceding discussion. The decision to record credit losses on fixed maturities, AFS in the form of an ACL requires us to make qualitative and quantitative estimates of expected future cash flows.
Mortgage Loans
ACL on Mortgage Loans
The Company reviews mortgage loans on a quarterly basis to estimate the ACL with changes in the ACL recorded in net
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Table of Contents |  | Note 5 - Investments

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
realized gains and losses. Apart from an ACL recorded on individual mortgage loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company records an ACL on the pool of mortgage loans based on lifetime expected credit losses. The Company utilizes a third-party forecasting model to estimate lifetime expected credit losses at a loan level under multiple economic scenarios. The scenarios use macroeconomic data provided by an internationally recognized economics firm that generates forecasts of varying economic factors such as GDP growth, unemployment and interest rates. The economic scenarios are projected over 10 years. The first two to four years of the 10-year period assume a specific modeled economic scenario (including moderate upside, moderate recession and severe recession scenarios) and then revert to historical long-term assumptions over the remaining period. Using these economic scenarios, the forecasting model projects property-specific operating income and capitalization rates used to estimate the value of a future operating income stream. The operating income and the property valuations derived from capitalization rates are compared to loan payment and principal amounts to create debt service coverage ratios ("DSCRs") and LTVs over the forecast period. The Company's process also considers qualitative factors. The model overlays historical data about mortgage loan performance based on DSCRs and LTVs and projects the probability of default, amount of loss given a default and resulting expected loss through maturity for each loan under each economic scenario. Economic scenarios are probability-weighted based on a statistical analysis of the forecasted economic factors and qualitative analysis. The Company records the change in the ACL on mortgage loans based on the weighted-average expected credit losses across the selected economic scenarios.
When a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is probable, the Company measures an ACL on individual mortgage loans. The ACL is established for any shortfall between the amortized cost of the loan and the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. Estimates of collectibility from an individual borrower require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability and timing of borrower default and loss severity estimates. In addition, cash
flow projections may change based upon new information about the borrower's ability to pay and/or the value of underlying collateral such as changes in projected property value estimates. As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any mortgage loans for which an ACL was established on an individual basis.
There were no mortgage loans held-for-sale as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. In addition, as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no mortgage loans that have had extensions or restructurings other than what is allowable under the original terms of the contract or with borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.

ACL on Mortgage Loans
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 |
ACL as of beginning of period |  |  |  | $ | 51 |  | $ | 36 |  |
Current period provision (release) |  |  |  | (3) |  | — |  |
ACL as of December 31, |  |  |  | $ | 48 |  | $ | 36 |  |

The release in the allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is primarily attributable to improved economic scenario forecasts and property specific reductions, partially offset by net additions of new loans.
The weighted-average LTV ratio of the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio was 55% as of March 31, 2024, while the weighted-average LTV ratio at origination of these loans was 59%. LTV ratios compare the loan amount to the value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan with property values based on appraisals updated no less than annually. Factors considered in estimating property values include, among other things, actual and expected property cash flows, geographic market data and the ratio of the property's net operating income to its value. DSCR compares a property’s net operating income to the borrower’s principal and interest payments and are updated no less than annually through reviews of underlying properties.

Mortgage Loans LTV & DSCR by Origination Year as of March 31, 2024
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 & Prior | Total
Loan-to-value | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost [1] | Avg. DSCR
Greater than 80% | $ | — |  | —x | $ | — |  | —x | $ | 16 |  | 1.14x | $ | 38 |  | 1.05x | $ | — |  | —x | $ | 104 |  | 0.89x | $ | 158 |  | 0.95x
65% - 80% | — |  | —x | — |  | —x | 189 |  | 2.20x | 489 |  | 2.35x | 94 |  | 3.48x | 349 |  | 1.77x | 1,121 |  | 2.24x
Less than 65% | 98 |  | 1.62x | 434 |  | 1.45x | 735 |  | 2.77x | 1,062 |  | 3.13x | 527 |  | 2.91x | 2,110 |  | 2.78x | 4,966 |  | 2.73x
Total mortgage loans | $ | 98 |  | 1.62x | $ | 434 |  | 1.45x | $ | 940 |  | 2.63x | $ | 1,589 |  | 2.84x | $ | 621 |  | 2.99x | $ | 2,563 |  | 2.57x | $ | 6,245 |  | 2.60x

[1]Amortized cost of mortgage loans excludes ACL of $48.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 5 - Investments

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Mortgage Loans LTV & DSCR by Origination Year as of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 & Prior | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan-to-value | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost | Avg. DSCR | Amortized Cost [1] | Avg. DSCR |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater than 80% | $ | — |  | —x | $ | 16 |  | 1.09x | $ | 38 |  | 1.05x | $ | — |  | —x | $ | — |  | —x | $ | 105 |  | 1.41x | $ | 159 |  | 1.29x |  |  |  |  |  |  |
65% - 80% | — |  | —x | 189 |  | 2.13x | 457 |  | 2.42x | 95 |  | 3.47x | 98 |  | 1.77x | 252 |  | 1.77x | 1,091 |  | 2.25x |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 65% | 400 |  | 1.47x | 724 |  | 2.75x | 1,105 |  | 2.99x | 527 |  | 2.92x | 679 |  | 2.90x | 1,453 |  | 2.67x | 4,888 |  | 2.72x |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total mortgage loans | $ | 400 |  | 1.47x | $ | 929 |  | 2.60x | $ | 1,600 |  | 2.78x | $ | 622 |  | 3.00x | $ | 777 |  | 2.76x | $ | 1,810 |  | 2.47x | $ | 6,138 |  | 2.60x |  |  |  |  |  |  |

[1]Amortized cost of mortgage loans excludes ACL of $51.

Mortgage Loans by Region
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | Percent of Total |  | Amortized Cost | Percent of Total
East North Central | $ | 371 |  | 5.9 | % |  | $ | 368 |  | 6.0 | %
Middle Atlantic | 246 |  | 3.9 | % |  | 238 |  | 3.9 | %
Mountain | 728 |  | 11.7 | % |  | 699 |  | 11.4 | %
New England | 350 |  | 5.6 | % |  | 351 |  | 5.7 | %
Pacific | 1,330 |  | 21.3 | % |  | 1,326 |  | 21.6 | %
South Atlantic | 1,780 |  | 28.5 | % |  | 1,776 |  | 28.9 | %
West North Central | 104 |  | 1.7 | % |  | 103 |  | 1.7 | %
West South Central | 498 |  | 8.0 | % |  | 445 |  | 7.2 | %
Other [1] | 838 |  | 13.4 | % |  | 832 |  | 13.6 | %
Total mortgage loans | 6,245 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 6,138 |  | 100.0 | %
ACL | (48) |  |  |  | (51) |  |
Total mortgage loans, net of ACL | $ | 6,197 |  |  |  | $ | 6,087 |  |

[1]Primarily represents loans collateralized by multiple properties in various regions.

Mortgage Loans by Property Type
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | Percent of Total |  | Amortized Cost | Percent of Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Industrial | $ | 2,478 |  | 39.7 | % |  | $ | 2,363 |  | 38.5 | %
Multifamily | 2,192 |  | 35.1 | % |  | 2,200 |  | 35.9 | %
Office | 568 |  | 9.1 | % |  | 578 |  | 9.4 | %
Retail [1] | 927 |  | 14.8 | % |  | 917 |  | 14.9 | %
Single Family | 80 |  | 1.3 | % |  | 80 |  | 1.3 | %
Total mortgage loans | 6,245 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 6,138 |  | 100.0 | %
ACL | (48) |  |  |  | (51) |  |
Total mortgage loans, net of ACL | $ | 6,197 |  |  |  | $ | 6,087 |  |

[1]Primarily comprised of grocery-anchored retail centers, with no exposure to regional shopping malls.
Past-Due Mortgage Loans
Mortgage loans are considered past due if a payment of principal or interest is not received according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, which typically includes a grace period. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held no mortgage loans considered past due.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Mortgage Servicing
The Company originates, sells and services commercial mortgage loans on behalf of third parties and recognizes servicing fee income over the period that services are performed. As of March 31, 2024, under this program, the Company serviced mortgage loans with a total outstanding principal of $9.6 billion, of which $4.5 billion was serviced on behalf of third parties and $5.1 billion was retained and reported in total investments on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company serviced mortgage loans with a total outstanding principal balance of $9.4 billion, of which $4.4 billion was serviced on behalf of third parties and $5.0 billion was retained and reported in total investments on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and were $0 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, because servicing fees were market-level fees at origination and remain adequate to compensate the Company for servicing the loans.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company is engaged with various special purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be VIEs primarily as an investor through normal investment activities or, at times, as an investment manager.
A VIE is an entity that either has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as simple majority kick-out rights, or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated VIEs
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not hold any securities for which it is the primary beneficiary.
Non-Consolidated VIEs
The Company, through normal investment activities, makes passive investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments. For these non-consolidated VIEs, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary as it has no ability to direct activities that could significantly affect the economic performance of the investments. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was limited to the total carrying value of $3.0 billion for both periods, which are a portion of the investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that are primarily recorded using the equity method of accounting. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31,
2023, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $1.7 billion for both periods, whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by the partnership during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. These investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in management. For further discussion of these investments, see Equity Method Investments within Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Furthermore, the Company makes investments in entities that sponsor affordable housing projects. Similarly, for these non-consolidated VIEs, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary as it has no ability to direct activities that could significantly affect the economic performance of the investments. The Company applies the proportional amortization method to subsequently measure its investments in such qualified affordable housing projects, where costs are amortized over the period in which the investor expects to receive tax credits and the resulting amortization is recognized as a component of income tax expense on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company recognized amortization of $1 and less than $1, respectively, and related tax benefits of $2 and less than $1, respectively. The income tax credits and other income tax benefits are recognized in operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The carrying value of these investments, which are reported in other assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $22 and $20 as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has outstanding commitments related to affordable housing projects of $177 and $180, respectively, that are contingent on various conditions precedent to funding.
In addition, the Company makes passive investments in structured securities issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the manager. These investments are included in ABS, CLO, CMBS, and RMBS and are reported in fixed maturities, AFS, and FVO securities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has not provided financial or other support with respect to these investments other than its original investment. For these investments, the Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary due to the relative size of the Company’s investment in comparison to the principal amount of the structured securities issued by the VIEs, the Company’s inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs, and, where applicable, the level of credit subordination which reduces the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of the Company’s investment.
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Reverse Repurchase Agreements, Other Collateral Transactions and Restricted Investments
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
From time to time, the Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements where the Company purchases securities and simultaneously agrees to resell the same or substantially the same securities. The maturity of these transactions is generally within one year. The agreements require additional collateral to be transferred to the Company under specified conditions and the Company has the right to sell or re-pledge the securities received. The Company accounts for reverse repurchase agreements as collateralized financing. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company reported $10 within short-term investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets representing a receivable for the amount of cash transferred to purchase the securities.
Other Collateral Transactions
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company pledged collateral of $6 and $7, respectively, of U.S. government securities or cash primarily related to certain bank loan participations committed through a limited partnership agreement.
For disclosure of collateral in support of derivative transactions, refer to the Derivative Collateral Arrangements section in Note 6 - Derivatives of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Restricted Investments
The Company is required by law to deposit securities with government agencies in certain states in which it conducts business. In addition, the Company is required to hold fixed maturities and short-term investments in trust for the benefit of syndicate policyholders, hold fixed maturities in a Lloyd's of London ("Lloyd's") trust account to provide a portion of the required capital, and maintain other investments primarily consisting of overseas deposits in various countries with Lloyd's to support underwriting activities in those countries. Lloyd's is an insurance market-place operating worldwide. Lloyd's does not underwrite risks. The Company accepts risks as the sole member of Lloyd's Syndicate 1221 ("Lloyd's Syndicate").
The following table presents the components of the Company’s exposure to other restricted investments.

| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023
| Fair Value | Fair Value
Securities on deposit with government agencies | $ | 2,370 |  | $ | 2,339 |
Fixed maturities in trust for benefit of Lloyd's Syndicate policyholders | 917 |  | 890 |
Short-term investments in trust for benefit of Lloyd's Syndicate policyholders | 19 |  | 30 |
Fixed maturities in Lloyd's trust account | 160 |  | 154 |
Other investments | 75 |  | 75 |
Total Other Restricted Investments | $ | 3,541 |  | $ | 3,488 |

6. DERIVATIVES
The Company utilizes a variety of OTC, OTC-cleared and exchange traded derivative instruments as a part of its overall risk management strategy as well as to enter into replication transactions or income generation covered call transactions. Derivative instruments are used to manage risk associated with interest rate, equity market, commodity market, credit spread, issuer default, price, and currency exchange rate or volatility. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies.
Strategies that Qualify for Hedge Accounting
Some of the Company's derivatives satisfy hedge accounting requirements as outlined in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. Typically, these hedging instruments include interest rate swaps and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency swaps where the terms or expected cash flows of the hedged item closely match the terms of the swap.
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate swaps are predominantly used to manage portfolio duration and better match cash receipts from assets with cash disbursements required to fund liabilities. These derivatives primarily convert interest receipts on variable-rate fixed maturity securities to fixed rates. The Company has also entered into interest rate swaps to convert the variable interest payments on the $500 junior subordinated debentures due 2067 to fixed interest payments. For further information, see the Junior Subordinated Debentures section within Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Foreign currency swaps are used to convert foreign currency denominated cash flows related to certain investment receipts to U.S. dollars in order to reduce cash flow fluctuations due to changes in currency rates.
Non-qualifying Strategies
Derivative relationships that do not qualify for hedge accounting (“non-qualifying strategies”) primarily include hedges of interest rate, foreign currency, equity, and commodity risk of certain fixed maturities and equities. In addition, hedging and replication strategies that utilize credit default swaps do not qualify for hedge accounting. The non-qualifying strategies include:
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THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Credit Contracts
Credit default swaps are used to purchase credit protection on an individual entity or referenced index to economically hedge against default risk and credit-related changes in the value of fixed maturity securities. Credit default swaps are also used to assume credit risk related to an individual entity or referenced index as a part of replication transactions. These contracts require the Company to pay or receive a periodic fee in exchange for compensation from the counterparty or the Company should the referenced security issuers experience a credit event, as defined in the contract. The Company also enters into credit default swaps to terminate existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward.
Interest Rate Swaps and Futures
The Company uses interest rate swaps and futures to manage interest rate duration between assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company enters into interest rate swaps to terminate existing swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the notional amount of interest rate swaps in offsetting relationships was $1.3 billion and $6.6 billion, respectively.
Foreign Currency Swaps and Forwards
The Company enters into foreign currency swaps to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity investments to U.S. dollars.
Equity Index Options
The Company may enter into equity index options to hedge the impact of a decline in the equity markets on the investment portfolio.
Derivative Balance Sheet Classification
For reporting purposes, the Company has elected to offset within assets or liabilities based upon the net of the fair value amounts, income accruals and related cash collateral receivables and payables of OTC derivative instruments executed in a legal entity and with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. The following fair value amounts do not include income accruals or related cash collateral receivables and payables, which are netted with derivative fair value amounts to determine balance sheet presentation. The Company’s derivative instruments are held for risk management purposes, unless otherwise noted in the following table. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which payments or receipts are calculated and is presented in the table to quantify the volume of the Company’s derivative activity. Notional amounts are not necessarily reflective of credit risk.

Derivative Balance Sheet Presentation
| Net Derivatives |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Notional Amount | Fair Value |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value
Hedge Designation/ Derivative Type | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 |  | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 |  | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 3,450 |  | $ | 3,450 |  | $ | (1) |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (2) |  | $ | (2) |
Foreign currency swaps | 657 |  | 644 |  | 27 |  | 13 |  |  | 39 |  | 29 |  |  | (12) |  | (16) |
Total cash flow hedges | 4,107 |  | 4,094 |  | 26 |  | 12 |  |  | 40 |  | 30 |  |  | (14) |  | (18) |
Non-qualifying strategies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps and futures | 1,929 |  | 6,626 |  | (1) |  | (5) |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | (1) |  | (5) |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps and forwards | 657 |  | 645 |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Credit contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives in offsetting positions | 996 |  | 998 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 31 |  | 27 |  |  | (31) |  | (27) |
Total non-qualifying strategies | 3,582 |  | 8,269 |  | (1) |  | (5) |  |  | 31 |  | 27 |  |  | (32) |  | (32) |
Total cash flow hedges and non-qualifying strategies | $ | 7,689 |  | $ | 12,363 |  | $ | 25 |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 71 |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | (46) |  | $ | (50) |
Balance Sheet Location |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale | $ | 657 |  | $ | 645 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Other investments | 1,286 |  | 1,662 |  | 47 |  | (1) |  |  | 56 |  | 18 |  |  | (9) |  | (19) |
Other liabilities | 5,746 |  | 10,056 |  | (22) |  | 8 |  |  | 15 |  | 39 |  |  | (37) |  | (31) |
Total derivatives | $ | 7,689 |  | $ | 12,363 |  | $ | 25 |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 71 |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | (46) |  | $ | (50) |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 6 - Derivatives

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Offsetting of Derivative Assets/Liabilities
The following tables present the gross fair value amounts, the offsetting amounts, and net position of derivative instruments eligible for offset in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Offsetting amounts include fair value amounts, income accruals and related cash collateral receivables and payables associated with derivative instruments that are traded under a common master netting agreement, as described in the preceding discussion. Also included in the tables are financial collateral receivables and payables, which are contractually permitted to be offset upon an event of default, although are disallowed for offsetting under U.S. GAAP.

Offsetting Derivative Assets and Liabilities
| (i) | (ii) | (iii) = (i) - (ii) | (iv) | (v) = (iii) - (iv)
|  |  | Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial Position | Collateral Disallowed for Offset in the Statement of Financial Position |
| Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position | Derivative Assets [1] (Liabilities) [2] | Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral (Received) [3] Pledged [2] | Financial Collateral (Received) Pledged [4] | Net Amount
As of March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other investments | $ | 71 |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | 47 |  | $ | (43) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4 |
Other liabilities | $ | (46) |  | $ | (39) |  | $ | (22) |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | (6) |  | $ | (1) |
As of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other investments | $ | 57 |  | $ | 55 |  | $ | (1) |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2 |
Other liabilities | $ | (50) |  | $ | (36) |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | (22) |  | $ | (13) |  | $ | (1) |

[1]Included in other investments in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[2]Included in other liabilities in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative payable associated with each counterparty.
[3]Included in other investments in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative receivable associated with each counterparty.
[4]Excludes collateral associated with exchange-traded derivative instruments.
Cash Flow Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of OCI and reclassified into earnings in the
same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (17) |  | $ | 11 |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  | (4) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 7 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 6 - Derivatives

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

| Gains (Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net Investment Income | Interest Expense |  | Net Investment Income | Interest Expense
| Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (8) |  | $ | 3 |
| Foreign currency swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | — |
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (4) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (6) |  | $ | 3 |
| Total amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 593 |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 515 |  | $ | 50 |

As of March 31, 2024, the before tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are $13. This expectation is based on the anticipated interest payments on hedged investments in fixed maturity securities and long-term debt that will occur over the next twelve months. At that time, the Company will recognize the deferred net gains (losses) as an adjustment to net investment income or interest expense, as applicable, over the term of the hedged instrument cash flows.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no net reclassifications from AOCI to earnings resulting from the discontinuance of cash-flow hedges due to forecasted transactions that were no longer probable of occurring.
Non-qualifying Strategies
For non-qualifying strategies, including embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated from their host contracts and accounted for as derivatives, the gain or loss on the derivative is recognized currently in earnings within net realized gains (losses).

Non-Qualifying Strategies Recognized within Net Realized Gains (Losses) |  |  |
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps and futures |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |
Credit contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection |  |  |  | — |  | (16) |  |  |  |
Equity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity index options |  |  |  | (5) |  | — |  |  |  |
Total [1] |  |  |  | $ | (2) |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |

[1]Excludes investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk Assumed through Credit Derivatives
The Company enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk of a single entity or referenced index in order to synthetically replicate investment transactions that are permissible under the Company's investment policies. The Company will receive periodic payments based on an agreed upon rate and notional amount and will only make a payment if there is a credit event. A credit event payment will typically be equal to the notional value of the swap contract less the value of the referenced security issuer’s debt obligation after the occurrence of the credit event. A credit event is generally defined as a default on contractually obligated interest or principal payments or bankruptcy of the referenced entity. The credit default swaps in which the Company assumes credit risk may reference investment grade single corporate issuers and
baskets, which include standard diversified portfolios of corporate and CMBS issuers.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 6 - Derivatives

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Credit Risk Assumed Derivatives by Type
|  |  |  | Underlying Referenced Credit Obligation(s) [1] |  |
| Notional Amount [2] | Fair Value | Weighted Average Years to Maturity | Type | Average Credit Rating | Offsetting Notional Amount [3] | Offsetting Fair Value [3]
As of March 31, 2024
Basket credit default swaps [4] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade risk exposure | $ | 101 |  | $ | (1) |  | 4 years | CMBS Credit | AAA | $ | 101 |  | $ | 1 |
Below investment grade risk exposure | 396 |  | 30 |  | 4 years | Corporate Credit | B+ | $ | 396 |  | $ | (30) |
Below investment grade risk exposure | 1 |  | (1) |  | Less than 1 year | CMBS Credit | CCC- | 1 |  | 1 |
Total [5] | $ | 498 |  | $ | 28 |  |  |  |  | $ | 498 |  | $ | (28) |
As of December 31, 2023
Basket credit default swaps [4] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade risk exposure | $ | 101 |  | $ | (1) |  | 5 years | CMBS Credit | AAA | $ | 101 |  | $ | 1 |
Below investment grade risk exposure | 396 |  | 24 |  | 4 years | Corporate Credit | B+ | 396 |  | (24) |
Below investment grade risk exposure | 2 |  | (1) |  | Less than 1 year | CMBS Credit | CCC- | 2 |  | 1 |
Total [5] | $ | 499 |  | $ | 22 |  |  |  |  | $ | 499 |  | $ | (22) |

[1]The average credit ratings are based on availability and are generally the midpoint of the available ratings among Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.
[2]Notional amount is equal to the maximum potential future loss amount. These derivatives are governed by agreements and applicable law, which include collateral posting requirements. There is no additional specific collateral related to these contracts or recourse provisions included in the contracts to offset losses.
[3]The Company has entered into offsetting credit default swaps to terminate certain existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the future changes in value of, or losses paid related to, the original swap.
[4]Comprised of swaps of standard market indices of diversified portfolios of corporate and CMBS issuers referenced through credit default swaps. These swaps are subsequently valued based upon the observable standard market index.
[5]Excludes investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
.
Derivative Collateral Arrangements
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements in connection with its derivative instruments, which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company ha s pl edged cash collateral associated with derivative instruments of $30 and $25, respectively. In general, collateral receivable is recorded in other assets or other liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as determined by the Company's election to offset on the balance sheet. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company pledged securities collateral associated with derivative instruments with a fair value of $5 and $14, respectively, which have been included in fixed maturities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The counterparties generally have the right to sell or re-pledge these securities.
In addition, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has pledged initial margin of cash related to OTC-cleared and exchange traded derivatives with a fair value of $11 and $16, respectively, which is recorded in other investments or other assets on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has pledged initial margin of securities related to OTC-cleared and exchange traded derivatives with a fair value of $129 and $112, respectively, which are included within fixed maturities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accepted cash collateral associated with derivative instruments of $62 and $49, respectively, which was invested and recorded in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in fixed maturities and short-term investments with corresponding amounts recorded in other investments or other liabilities as determined by the Company's election to offset on the balance sheet. The Company also accepted securities collateral as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, with a fair value of $0 for both periods, which the Company has the right to repledge or sell. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no repledged securities. In addition, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, non-cash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 7 - Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
7. PREMIUMS RECEIVABLE AND AGENTS' BALANCES

Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances
| As of March 31, 2024 | As of December 31, 2023
Premiums receivable, excluding receivables for losses within a deductible and retrospectively-rated policy premiums ("loss sensitive business") | $ | 5,676 |  | $ | 5,303 |
Receivables for loss sensitive business, by credit quality: |  |
AA | 93 |  | 94 |
A | 57 |  | 54 |
BBB | 140 |  | 136 |
BB | 88 |  | 84 |
Below BB | 45 |  | 45 |
Total receivables for loss sensitive business | 423 |  | 413 |
Total Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances, Gross | 6,099 |  | 5,716 |
ACL | (111) |  | (109) |
Total Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances, Net of ACL | $ | 5,988 |  | $ | 5,607 |

ACL on Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances
Balances are considered past due when amounts that have been billed are not collected within contractually stipulated time periods. Premiums receivable and agents' balances, excluding receivables for loss sensitive business, are primarily comprised of premiums due from policyholders, which are typically collectible within one year or less. For these balances, the ACL is estimated based on an aging of receivables and recent historical credit loss and collection experience, adjusted for current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, when appropriate.
A portion of the Company's Commercial Lines business is written with large deductibles or under retrospectively-rated plans (referred to as "loss sensitive business"). Under some commercial insurance contracts with a large deductible, the Company is obligated to pay the claimant the full amount of the claim and the Company is subsequently reimbursed by the policyholder for the deductible amount. As such, the Company is subject to credit risk until reimbursement is made. Retrospectively-rated policies are utilized primarily for workers' compensation coverage, whereby the ultimate premium is adjusted based on actual losses incurred. Although the premium adjustment feature of a retrospectively-rated policy substantially reduces insurance risk for the Company, it presents credit risk to the Company. The Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected if a significant portion of such policyholders failed to reimburse the Company for the deductible amount or the amount of additional premium owed under retrospectively-rated policies. The Company manages these credit risks through credit analysis, collateral requirements, and oversight.
The ACL for receivables for loss sensitive business is estimated as the amount of the receivable exposed to loss multiplied by estimated factors for probability of default and the amount of loss given a default. The probability of default is assigned based on each policyholder's credit rating, or a rating is estimated if no external rating is available. Credit ratings are reviewed and updated at least annually. The exposure amount is estimated net of collateral and other credit enhancement, considering the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, and historical loss information for the type of collateral obtained. The probability of default factors are historical corporate defaults for receivables with similar durations estimated through multiple economic cycles. Credit ratings are forward-looking and consider a variety of economic outcomes. The loss given default factors are based on a study of historical recovery rates for general creditors through multiple economic cycles. The Company's evaluation of the required ACL for receivables for loss sensitive business considers the current economic environment as well as the probability-weighted macroeconomic scenarios similar to the approach used for estimating the ACL for mortgage loans. See Note 5 - Investments

Rollforward of ACL on Premiums Receivable and Agents' Balances for the Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  |
| Receivables Excluding Receivables for Loss Sensitive Business | Receivables for Loss Sensitive Business | Total |  | Receivables Excluding Receivables for Loss Sensitive Business | Receivables for Loss Sensitive Business | Total |  |  |  |
Beginning ACL | $ | 89 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 85 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 109 |  |  |  |  |
Current period provision | 15 |  | — |  | 15 |  |  | 12 |  | 1 |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |
Current period write-offs | (15) |  | — |  | (15) |  |  | (14) |  | — |  | (14) |  |  |  |  |
Current period recoveries | 2 |  | — |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Ending ACL | $ | 91 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 86 |  | $ | 25 |  | $ | 111 |  |  |  |  |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 8 - Reinsurance

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. REINSURANCE
The Company cedes insurance risk to reinsurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company's procedures include carefully selecting its reinsurers, structuring agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary, and regularly monitoring the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers.
Reinsurance Recoverables
Reinsurance recoverables include balances due from reinsurance companies and are presented net of an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance. Reinsurance recoverables include an estimate of the amount of gross losses and loss adjustment
expense reserves that may be ceded under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, including incurred but not reported ("IBNR") unpaid losses. The Company’s estimate of losses and loss adjustment expense ("LAE") reserves ceded to reinsurers is based on assumptions that are consistent with those used in establishing the gross reserves for amounts the Company owes to its claimants. The Company estimates its ceded reinsurance recoverables based on the terms of any applicable facultative and treaty reinsurance, including an estimate of how incurred but not reported losses will ultimately be ceded under reinsurance agreements. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate of reinsurance recoverables is subject to similar risks and uncertainties as the estimate of the gross reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

Reinsurance Recoverables by Credit Quality Indicator
| As of March 31, 2024 |  | As of December 31, 2023
| P&C | Group Benefits | Corporate | Total |  | P&C | Group Benefits | Corporate | Total
A.M. Best Financial Strength Rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
A++ | $ | 2,394 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,394 |  |  | $ | 2,398 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,398 |
A+ | 2,034 |  | 250 |  | 243 |  | 2,527 |  |  | 2,030 |  | 251 |  | 241 |  | 2,522 |
A | 787 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 788 |  |  | 810 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 811 |
A- | 647 |  | 5 |  | — |  | 652 |  |  | 653 |  | 5 |  | — |  | 658 |
B++ | 4 |  | — |  | 3 |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  | — |  | 3 |  | 5 |
Below B++ | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |
Total Rated by A.M. Best | 5,888 |  | 256 |  | 246 |  | 6,390 |  |  | 5,915 |  | 257 |  | 244 |  | 6,416 |
Mandatory (Assigned) and Voluntary Risk Pools | 203 |  | — |  | — |  | 203 |  |  | 208 |  | — |  | — |  | 208 |
Captives | 353 |  | — |  | — |  | 353 |  |  | 353 |  | — |  | — |  | 353 |
Other not rated companies | 243 |  | 6 |  | — |  | 249 |  |  | 226 |  | 4 |  | — |  | 230 |
Gross Reinsurance Recoverables | 6,687 |  | 262 |  | 246 |  | 7,195 |  |  | 6,702 |  | 261 |  | 244 |  | 7,207 |
Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance | (98) |  | (1) |  | (2) |  | (101) |  |  | (100) |  | (1) |  | (2) |  | (103) |
Net Reinsurance Recoverables | $ | 6,589 |  | $ | 261 |  | $ | 244 |  | $ | 7,094 |  |  | $ | 6,602 |  | $ | 260 |  | $ | 242 |  | $ | 7,104 |

Balances are considered past due when amounts that have been billed are not collected within contractually stipulated time periods, generally 30, 60 or 90 days. To manage reinsurer credit risk, a reinsurance security review committee evaluates the credit standing, financial performance, management and operational quality of each potential reinsurer. In placing reinsurance, the Company considers the nature of the risk reinsured, including the expected liability payout duration, and establishes limits tiered by reinsurer credit rating.
Where its contracts permit, the Company secures future claim obligations with various forms of collateral or other credit enhancement, including irrevocable letters of credit, secured trusts, funds held accounts and group wide offsets. As part of its reinsurance recoverable review, the Company analyzes recent developments in commutation activity between reinsurers and cedants, recent trends in arbitration and litigation outcomes in disputes between cedants and reinsurers and the overall credit quality of the Company’s reinsurers.
Due to the inherent uncertainties as to collection and the length of time before reinsurance recoverables become due, it is possible that future adjustments to the Company’s reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance, could be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarter or annual period.
The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance comprises an ACL and an allowance for disputed balances. The ACL is estimated as the amount of reinsurance recoverables exposed to loss multiplied by estimated factors for the probability of default and the amount of loss given a default. The probability of default is assigned based on each reinsurer's credit rating, or a rating is estimated if no external rating is available. Credit ratings are reviewed on a quarterly basis and any significant changes are reflected in an updated estimate. The probability of default factors are historical insurer and reinsurer defaults for liabilities with similar durations to the reinsured liabilities as estimated
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Table of Contents |  | Note 8 - Reinsurance

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
through multiple economic cycles. Credit ratings are forward-looking and consider a variety of economic outcomes. The loss given default factors are based on a study of historical recovery rates for general creditors of corporations through multiple economic cycles or, in the case of purchased annuities funding structured settlements accounted for as reinsurance, historical recovery rates for annuity contract holders.
As shown in the table above, a portion of the total gross reinsurance recoverable balance relates to the Company’s participation in various mandatory (assigned) and voluntary risk pools. Reinsurance recoverables due from pools are backed by the financial position of all insurance companies participating in the pools and the credit backing the reinsurance recoverable is not limited to the financial strength of each pool. The mandatory pools generally are funded through policy assessments or
surcharges and if any participant in the pool defaults, remaining liabilities are apportioned among the other members.
The Company's evaluation of the required ACL for reinsurance recoverables considers the current economic environment as well as macroeconomic scenarios similar to the approach used to estimate the ACL for mortgage loans. See Note 5 - Investments. Insurance companies, including reinsurers, are regulated and hold risk-based capital ("RBC") to mitigate the risk of loss due to economic factors and other risks. Non-U.S. reinsurers are either subject to a capital regime substantively equivalent to domestic insurers or we hold collateral to support collection of reinsurance recoverables. As a result, there is limited history of losses from insurer defaults.

| Allowance for Uncollectible Reinsurance for the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
| P&C beginning allowance for uncollectible reinsurance |  |  |  | $ | 100 |  | $ | 102 |
| Beginning allowance for disputed amounts |  |  |  | 57 |  | 60 |
| P&C beginning ACL |  |  |  | 43 |  | 42 |
| Current period provision |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |
| P&C ending ACL |  |  |  | 44 |  | 44 |
| Ending allowance for disputed amounts |  |  |  | 54 |  | 58 |
| P&C ending allowance for uncollectible reinsurance |  |  |  | 98 |  | 102 |
| Group Benefits allowance for uncollectible reinsurance |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Corporate allowance for uncollectible reinsurance |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |
| Total allowance for uncollectible reinsurance |  |  |  | $ | 101 |  | $ | 105 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
9. RESERVE FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
|PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE PRODUCT RESERVES, NET OF REINSURANCE
Rollforward of Liabilities for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

| For the three months ended March 31,
| 2024 | 2023 |
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 34,044 |  | $ | 33,083 |  |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 6,696 |  | 6,465 |  |
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 27,348 |  | 26,618 |  |
Provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |
Current accident year | 2,461 |  | 2,270 |  |
Prior accident year development [1] | (56) |  | — |  |
Total provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | 2,405 |  | 2,270 |  |
Change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance included in other liabilities [1] | 24 |  | — |  |
Payments |  |  |
Current accident year | (349) |  | (321) |  |
Prior accident years | (1,591) |  | (1,646) |  |
Total payments | (1,940) |  | (1,967) |  |
Foreign currency adjustment | (5) |  | 8 |  |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 27,832 |  | 26,929 |  |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 6,705 |  | 6,469 |  |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 34,537 |  | $ | 33,398 |  |

[1]Prior accident year development for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes a $24 benefit for amortization of a deferred gain under retroactive reinsurance accounting related to the Navigators Adverse Development Cover ("ADC") as the Company began collection recoveries of the ceded losses from National Indemnity Company ("NICO"), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc, during the period. For additional information regarding the ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to "Change in Deferred Gain on Retroactive Reinsurance" discussion below.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Accident Year Development

|  | For the three months ended March 31,
|  |  | 2024 | 2023
Workers’ compensation |  |  | $ | (67) |  | $ | (61) |
Workers’ compensation discount accretion |  |  | 12 |  | 11 |
General liability |  |  | 17 |  | 12 |
Marine |  |  | 7 |  | 1 |
Package business |  |  | — |  | (5) |
Commercial property |  |  | (3) |  | 5 |
Professional liability |  |  | (5) |  | — |
Bond |  |  | — |  | — |
Assumed reinsurance |  |  | 9 |  | 2 |
Automobile liability - Commercial Lines |  |  | — |  | — |
Automobile liability - Personal Lines |  |  | — |  | — |
Homeowners |  |  | — |  | (1) |
Net asbestos and environmental ("A&E") reserves |  |  | — |  | — |
Catastrophes |  |  | — |  | — |
Uncollectible reinsurance |  |  | — |  | 8 |
Other reserve re-estimates, net |  |  | (2) |  | 28 |
Prior accident year development before change in deferred gain |  |  | (32) |  | — |
Change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance included in other liabilities [1] |  |  | (24) |  | — |
Total prior accident year development |  |  | $ | (56) |  | $ | — |

[1]The $24 change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance for the three months ended March 31, 2024, is related to amortization of the Navigators ADC deferred gain. For additional information regarding the ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to "Change in Deferred Gain on Retroactive Reinsurance" discussion below.
Re-estimates of prior accident year reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2024
Workers’ compensation reserves were decreased within the 2016 to 2020 accident years primarily in small commercial, driven by lower than previously estimated claim severity. In addition, the 2020 accident year includes a $20 reduction of COVID-19 related reserves driven by favorable claim count emergence.
General liability reserves were increased within the 2016 to 2019 accident years driven by higher frequency of large losses on individual claims of excess and umbrella coverages within middle & large commercial and deterioration in global specialty primary construction business.
Marine reserves increased related to higher frequency of large losses on individual U.S. cargo claims for the 2023 accident year.
Professional liability reserves decreased modestly due to favorable development on directors' and officers' ("D&O") claims driven by the 2020 accident year.
Assumed reinsurance reserves were increased due to higher reserve estimates in the Latin America surety business related to the 2021 to 2023 accident years.
Other reserve re-estimates, net, were decreased due to lower severity than expected on Personal Lines automobile physical damage for accident year 2023, partially offset by unfavorable development from participation in involuntary market pools.
Re-estimates of prior accident year reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2023
Workers’ compensation reserves were decreased within the 2014 to 2019 accident years primarily in small commercial, driven by lower than previously estimated claim severity. In addition, the 2020 accident year reflects a $20 reduction of COVID-19 related reserves.
General liability reserves were increased in middle & large commercial, driven by an increase in the frequency and estimated cost to settle large individual claims for the 2016 to 2021 accident years.
Package business reserves decreased primarily due to lower than previously estimated property severity for accident year 2021. Package liability is flat overall with improvement in accident year 2020 due to favorable claim count emergence offset by reserve increases in accident years 2019 and prior related to higher severity.
Commercial property reserves were increased due to unfavorable development for accident year 2022 in middle & large commercial.
Automobile liability reserves - Personal Lines were flat as decreases due to lower estimated severity, within accident years 2019 to 2021 were offset by increases in accident year 2022 due to higher estimated severity and increasing attorney representation rates.
Uncollectible reinsurance was increased primarily in Commercial Lines related to a captive reinsurer, and to a lesser extent in P&C Other Operations related to one larger reinsurer entering liquidation proceedings.
Other reserve re-estimates, net, were increased primarily due to an increase in accident year 2022 Personal Lines automobile physical damage severity.
Change in Deferred Gain on Retroactive Reinsurance
The Company has in place an ADC reinsurance agreement that covers substantially all reserve development of Navigators Insurance Company and certain of its affiliates for 2018 and prior accident years (the “Navigators ADC”) up to an aggregate limit of $300, for which the Company had previously ceded the available limit. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had paid claims related to the Navigators ADC in excess of the $1.816 billion acquisition date reserves plus the $100 retention. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company began collecting recoveries from NICO and as a result amortized $24 of the deferred gain within benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of March 31, 2024 and December
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Table of Contents |  | Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
31, 2023, the deferred gain on the Navigators ADC was $185 and $209, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Settlement Agreement with Boy Scouts of America
On February 14, 2022, the Company executed a final settlement agreement (the “Settlement”) with the Boy Scouts of America (“BSA”), the Local Councils, and the attorneys representing a majority of the alleged victims, pursuant to which The Hartford agreed to pay $787 for sexual molestation and sexual abuse claims associated with liability policies issued by various
Hartford Writing Companies in the 1970s and early 1980s. In exchange for its payment, the Company receives a complete release of its policies issued to BSA and the Local Councils, as well as an injunction against further abuse claims involving BSA. All conditions precedent to the Settlement have been satisfied, including approval by the bankruptcy court and the district court, and on April 20, 2023, The Hartford paid the Settlement amount of $787. Certain objecting parties have appealed the district court’s ruling and that appeal is pending before the Third Circuit. If the court approvals for the BSA’s plan of reorganization are not affirmed on appeal, it is possible that adverse outcomes, if any, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results.
|GROUP LIFE, DISABILITY AND ACCIDENT PRODUCTS
Rollforward of Liabilities for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

| For the three months ended March 31,
| 2024 | 2023
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 8,274 |  | $ | 8,160 |
Reinsurance recoverables | 254 |  | 245 |
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 8,020 |  | 7,915 |
Provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |
Current incurral year | 1,376 |  | 1,325 |
Prior year's discount accretion | 53 |  | 53 |
Prior incurral year development [1] | (189) |  | (133) |
Total provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses [2] | 1,240 |  | 1,245 |
Payments |  |
Current incurral year | (357) |  | (335) |
Prior incurral years | (924) |  | (889) |
Total payments | (1,281) |  | (1,224) |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 7,979 |  | 7,936 |
Reinsurance recoverables | 255 |  | 248 |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 8,234 |  | $ | 8,184 |

[1]Prior incurral year development represents the change in estimated ultimate incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for prior incurral years on a discounted basis.
[2]Includes unallocated loss adjustment expenses ("ULAE") of $45 and $45 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that are recorded in insurance operating costs and other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Re-estimates of prior incurral years reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2024
Group disability- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $149 largely driven by group long-term disability claim incidence lower than prior assumptions and strong recoveries on prior incurral year claims.
Group life and accident (including group life premium waiver)- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $37 largely driven by favorable mortality emergence and continued low incidence in group life premium waiver.
Supplemental accident and health- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $3 driven by lower than previously expected claim incidence.
Re-estimates of prior incurral years reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2023
Group disability- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $120 largely driven by group long-term disability claim incidence lower than prior assumptions and strong recoveries on prior incurral year claims.
Group life and accident (including group life premium waiver)- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $8 largely driven by continued low incidence in group life premium waiver.
Supplemental Accident & Health- Prior period reserve estimates decreased by approximately $5 driven by lower than previously expected claim incidence.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 10 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10. RESERVE FOR FUTURE POLICY BENEFITS

Rollforward of Reserve for Future Policy Benefits
| For the three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Payout Annuities | Life Conversions | Paid-up Life |  | Payout Annuities | Life Conversions | Paid-up Life
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of the period |  | $ | 49 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47 |  |
Balance, ending of the period |  | $ | 47 |  |  |  |  | $ | 46 |  |
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance at single-A rate | $ | 137 |  | $ | 113 |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 140 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | 192 |
Beginning adjustment for changes in single-A rate | 7 |  | (11) |  | (32) |  |  | 4 |  | (14) |  | (39) |
Beginning balance at original discount rate | 130 |  | 124 |  | 217 |  |  | 136 |  | 126 |  | 231 |
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Effect of actual variances from expected experience | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |
Adjusted beginning balance | 131 |  | 125 |  | 217 |  |  | 136 |  | 128 |  | 231 |
Interest accrual and other | 2 |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
Benefit Payments | (3) |  | (8) |  | (7) |  |  | (3) |  | (7) |  | (6) |
Ending balance at original discount rate | 130 |  | 121 |  | 212 |  |  | 135 |  | 125 |  | 227 |
Ending adjustment for changes in single-A rate | 5 |  | (12) |  | (35) |  |  | 8 |  | (12) |  | (35) |
Ending balance at single-A rate | $ | 135 |  | $ | 109 |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 143 |  | $ | 113 |  | $ | 192 |
Net reserve for future policy benefits | $ | 135 |  | $ | 62 |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 143 |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | 192 |
Weighted-average duration of the reserve for future policy benefits (years) | 9.0 | 11.9 | 6.3 |  | 9.1 | 12.3 | 6.5

Net Reserve for Future Policy Benefits
| As of March 31,
| 2024 | 2023
Payout Annuities | $ | 135 |  | $ | 143 |
Life Conversions | 62 |  | 67 |
Paid-up Life | 177 |  | 192 |
Deferred Profit Liability | 20 |  | 19 |
Other | 85 |  | 87 |
Total | $ | 479 |  | $ | 508 |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 10 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Undiscounted Expected Future Gross Premiums and Benefit Payments
| As of March 31,
| 2024 | 2023 |
Payout Annuities [1] |  |  |
Expected future benefit payments | $ | 255 |  | $ | 269 |  |
Life Conversions |  |  |
Expected future gross premiums | $ | 111 |  | $ | 118 |  |
Expected future benefit payments | $ | 201 |  | $ | 208 |  |
Paid-up Life [1] |  |  |
Expected future benefit payments | $ | 274 |  | $ | 295 |  |

[1]Payout Annuities and Paid-up Life have no expected future gross premiums.

Weighted-Average Interest Rates |
| As of March 31, |
| 2024 | 2023 |
Payout Annuities |  |  |
Interest accretion rate | 5.6 | % | 5.6 | % |
Current discount rate | 5.1 | % | 5.0 | % |
Life Conversions |  |  |
Interest accretion rate | 4.2 | % | 4.2 | % |
Current discount rate | 5.3 | % | 5.1 | % |
Paid-up Life |  |  |
Interest accretion rate | 2.9 | % | 2.9 | % |
Current discount rate | 5.2 | % | 5.0 | % |

Gross premiums and interest accretion recognized on long-duration insurance policies for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were immaterial.
11. OTHER POLICYHOLDER FUNDS AND BENEFITS PAYABLE
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable of $633 and $647 as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively, included universal life long-duration contacts of $218 and $231 as well as policyholder balances related to short-duration contracts of $415
and $416. The universal life long-duration contacts presented in the table below were economically ceded to Prudential as part of the sale of the Company's former individual life business, which closed in 2013.

Universal Life Long Duration Contracts Rollforward
| For the three months ended March 31,
| 2024 | 2023
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | 223 |  | $ | 232 |
Premiums Received | 3 |  | 3 |
Policy Charges | (5) |  | (5) |
Surrenders and Withdrawals | (1) |  | (1) |
Benefit Payments | (4) |  | (1) |
Interest Credited | 2 |  | 3 |
Balance, end of the period | $ | 218 |  | $ | 231 |
Weighted-average crediting rate | 4.2 | % | 4.2 | %
Net Amount at Risk [1] | $ | 897 |  | $ | 966 |
Cash Surrender Value | $ | 216 |  | $ | 229 |

[1]Net amount at risk is defined as the current death benefit in excess of the current account value as of the balance sheet date.
As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, universal life contracts of $217 and $229, respectively, had crediting rates at their guaranteed minimums ranging from 4%-5%.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 12 - Income Taxes

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
12. INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense

Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 | 2023 |  |  |
Tax provision at U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 191 |  | $ | 137 |  |  |  |
Nontaxable investment income | (11) |  | (11) |  |  |  |
Decrease in deferred tax valuation allowance | (12) |  | (3) |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation, net | (16) |  | (9) |  |  |  |
Other | 6 |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 158 |  | $ | 118 |  |  |  |

Uncertain Tax Positions

Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits |  |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
| 2024 | 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 26 |  | $ | 22 |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross increases - tax positions in current period | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | $ | 27 |  | $ | 23 |  |  |  |  |  |

The entire amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate in the period of the release. The Company believes it is reasonably possible approximately
$4 of its currently unrecognized tax benefits associated with R&D credits claimed on the Company's 2020 tax return may be recognized by the end of 2024 as a result of a lapse in the applicable statute of limitations.
Other Tax Matters
Management has assessed the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets based on tax character and jurisdiction, and as part of this assessment, the Company reduced the valuation allowance related to the deferred tax asset for foreign net operating losses from $12 as of December 31, 2023 to $0 as of March 31, 2024. In making the assessment, management considered future taxable temporary difference reversals, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryovers, taxable income in open carry back years and other tax planning strategies which management views as prudent and feasible.
The federal income tax audits for the Company have been completed through 2013. The acquired Navigators Group is currently under IRS audit for the pre-acquisition 2019 tax period. The statute of limitations is closed through the 2019 tax year with the exception of net operating loss carryforwards utilized in open tax years and the Navigators pre-acquisition 2019 tax period. Management believes that adequate provision has been made in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any potential adjustments that may result from tax examinations and other tax-related matters for all open tax years.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Management evaluates each contingent matter separately. A loss is recorded if probable and reasonably estimable. Management establishes liabilities for these contingencies at its “best estimate,” or, if no one number within the range of possible losses is more probable than any other, the Company records an estimated liability at the low end of the range of losses.
Litigation
The Hartford is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, both as a liability insurer defending or providing indemnity for third-party claims brought against insureds and as an insurer defending coverage claims brought against it. The Hartford accounts for such activity through the establishment of unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense reserves. Subject to the uncertainties related to sexual molestation and sexual abuse claims, including those discussed in Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of this Form 10-Q and in Note 11 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in the following discussion under the caption “COVID-19 Pandemic Business Income Insurance Litigation” and under the caption “Run-off Asbestos and Environmental Claims,” management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims
litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of The Hartford.
The Hartford is also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. In addition to the matter described below, these actions include putative class actions seeking certification of a state or national class. Such putative class actions have alleged, for example, underpayment of claims or improper sales or underwriting practices in connection with various kinds of insurance policies, such as personal and commercial automobile and property. The Hartford also is involved in individual actions in which punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims or other allegedly unfair or improper business practices. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such lawsuits, after consideration of provisions made for estimated losses, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition of The Hartford. Nonetheless, given the large or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these actions, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, the outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
COVID-19 Pandemic Business Income Insurance Litigation
Like many others in the property and casualty insurance industry, beginning in April 2020, various direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company (collectively the "Hartford Writing Companies”), and in some instances the Company itself, were named as defendants in lawsuits seeking insurance coverage under commercial insurance policies issued by the Hartford Writing Companies for alleged losses resulting from the shutdown or suspension of their businesses due to the spread of COVID-19. More than 300 such lawsuits were filed, including numerous lawsuits purportedly filed on behalf of broad nationwide or statewide classes of policyholders. Although the allegations vary, the plaintiffs generally seek a declaration of insurance coverage, damages for breach of contract in unspecified amounts, interest, and attorneys' fees. Many of the lawsuits also allege that the insurance claims were denied in bad faith or otherwise in violation of state laws and seek extra-contractual or punitive damages. Some of the lawsuits also allege that the Hartford Writing Companies engaged in unfair business practices by collecting or retaining excess premium.
The Company and its subsidiaries deny the allegations and maintain that based on the terms of the applicable insurance policies, they have no coverage obligations with respect to these suits for business income allegedly lost by the plaintiffs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the policies generally require direct physical loss or damage to insured property and/or contain exclusions for any loss caused directly or indirectly by the presence, growth, proliferation, spread or activity of a virus, subject to a narrow set of exceptions not applicable in connection with this pandemic, and which often contain a pollution and contamination exclusion that, among other things, expressly excludes from coverage any loss caused by material that threatens human health or welfare.
The Company has obtained numerous dismissals in its favor and affirmations on appeal and continues to vigorously defend the remaining suits in the trial and appellate courts. Nevertheless, given the inherent difficulty in predicting litigation outcomes, the COVID-19 pandemic business income coverage lawsuits still present uncertainties and contingencies that are not yet fully known, including whether additional claims or lawsuits could be filed, the extent to which any state or nationwide classes will be certified, and the size and scope of any such classes. In addition, business income calculations depend upon a wide range of factors that are particular to the circumstances of each individual policyholder and, here, almost none of the plaintiffs have submitted proofs of loss or otherwise quantified or factually supported any allegedly covered loss to allow management to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss, if any. Thus, despite the high percentage of favorable outcomes to date in both the trial and appellate courts, given the lack of certainty around the remaining lawsuits, the indeterminate amounts sought, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that adverse outcomes, if any, in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated operating results or liquidity.
Run-off Asbestos and Environmental Claims
The Company continues to receive A&E claims. Asbestos claims relate primarily to bodily injuries asserted by people who came in contact with asbestos or products containing asbestos. Environmental claims relate primarily to pollution and related clean-up costs.
The vast majority of the Company's exposure to A&E relates to accident years prior to 1986 that are reported in Property & Casualty Other Operations ("Run-off A&E"). In addition, since 1986, the Company has written A&E exposures under general liability policies and pollution liability under homeowners policies, which are reported in the Commercial Lines and Personal Lines segments, respectively.
Prior to 1986, the Company wrote several different categories of insurance contracts that may cover A&E claims. First, the Company wrote primary policies providing the first layer of coverage in an insured’s liability program. Second, the Company wrote excess and umbrella policies providing higher layers of coverage for losses that exhaust the limits of underlying coverage. Third, the Company acted as a reinsurer assuming a portion of those risks assumed by other insurers writing primary, excess, umbrella and reinsurance coverages.
Significant uncertainty limits the ability of insurers and reinsurers to estimate the ultimate reserves necessary for unpaid gross losses and expenses related to environmental and asbestos claims. The degree of variability of gross reserve estimates for these exposures is significantly greater than for other more traditional exposures.
In the case of the reserves for asbestos exposures, factors contributing to the high degree of uncertainty include inadequate loss development patterns, plaintiffs’ expanding theories of liability, the risks inherent in major litigation, and inconsistent and emerging legal doctrines with respect to the underlying claims and with respect to the Company's coverage obligations. Furthermore, over time, insurers, including the Company, have experienced significant changes in the rate at which asbestos claims are brought, the claims experience of particular insureds, and the value of claims, making predictions of future exposure from past experience uncertain. Plaintiffs and insureds also have sought to use bankruptcy proceedings, including “pre-packaged” bankruptcies, to accelerate and increase loss payments by insurers. In addition, some policyholders have asserted new classes of claims for coverages to which an aggregate limit of liability may not apply. Further uncertainties include insolvencies of other carriers, insolvencies of insureds and unanticipated developments pertaining to the Company’s ability to recover reinsurance for A&E claims. Management believes these issues are not likely to be resolved in the near future.
In the case of the reserves for environmental exposures, factors contributing to the high degree of uncertainty include expanding theories of liability and damages against insureds, emerging risks such as per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances ("PFAS"), the risks inherent in major litigation, inconsistent and emerging legal doctrines concerning the existence and scope of coverage for
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Table of Contents |  | Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
environmental claims, and the scope and level of complexity of the remediation required by regulators.
The reporting pattern for assumed reinsurance claims, including those related to A&E claims, is much longer than for direct claims. In many instances, it takes months or years to determine that the policyholder’s own obligations have been met and how the reinsurance in question may apply to such claims. The delay in reporting reinsurance claims and exposures adds to the uncertainty of estimating the related reserves.
It is also not possible to predict changes in the legal and legislative environment and their effect on the future development of A&E claims.
Given the factors described above, the Company believes the actuarial tools and other techniques it employs to estimate the ultimate cost of claims for more traditional kinds of insurance exposure are less precise in estimating reserves for A&E exposures. For this reason, the Company principally relies on exposure-based analysis to estimate the ultimate costs of these claims, both gross and net of reinsurance, and regularly evaluates new account information in assessing its potential A&E exposures. The Company supplements this exposure-based analysis with evaluations of the Company’s historical direct net loss and expense paid and reported experience, and net loss and expense paid and reported experience by calendar and/or report year, to assess any emerging trends, fluctuations or characteristics suggested by the aggregate paid and reported activity.
While the Company believes that its current A&E reserves are appropriate, significant uncertainties limit the ability of insurers and reinsurers to estimate the ultimate reserves necessary for unpaid losses and related expenses. The ultimate liabilities, thus, could exceed the currently recorded reserves, and any such additional liability, while not estimable now, could be material to The Hartford’s consolidated operating results or liquidity.
For its Run-off A&E claims, as of March 31, 2024, the Company reported $216 of net A&E reserves, including the benefit of losses ceded to an A&E ADC with NICO (collectively the "A&E ADC"). In addition, the Company has recorded a $788 deferred gain within other liabilities for losses economically ceded to NICO but for which the benefit is not recognized in earnings until later periods. While the Company believes that its current Run-off A&E reserves are appropriate, significant uncertainties limit our ability to estimate the ultimate reserves necessary for unpaid losses and related expenses. The ultimate liabilities, thus, could exceed the currently recorded reserves, and any such additional liability, while not reasonably estimable now, could be material to The Hartford's consolidated operating results or liquidity.
The Company’s A&E ADC reinsurance agreement reinsures substantially all A&E reserve development for 2016 and prior
accident years, including Run-off A&E and A&E reserves included in Commercial Lines and Personal Lines. The A&E ADC has a coverage limit of $1.5 billion above the Company’s existing net A&E reserves as of December 31, 2016 of approximately $1.7 billion. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has incurred $1,438 in cumulative adverse development on A&E reserves that have been ceded under the A&E ADC treaty, leaving $62 of coverage available for future adverse net reserve development, if any. Cumulative adverse development of A&E claims for accident years 2016 and prior could ultimately exceed the $1.5 billion treaty limit in which case any adverse development in excess of the treaty limit would be absorbed as a charge to earnings by the Company. In these scenarios, the effect of these charges could be material to the Company’s consolidated operating results or liquidity. For more information on the A&E ADC, refer to Note 11 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Derivative Commitments
Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings, as set by nationally recognized statistical agencies, of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could, in certain instances, terminate the agreements and demand immediate settlement of all outstanding derivative positions traded under each impacted bilateral agreement.
The settlement amount is determined by netting the derivative positions transacted under each agreement. If the termination rights were to be exercised by the counterparties, it could impact the legal entity’s ability to conduct hedging activities by increasing the associated costs and decreasing the willingness of counterparties to transact with the legal entity. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position as of March 31, 2024 was $37 for which the legal entities have posted collateral of $34 in the normal course of business. Based on derivative contractual terms as of March 31, 2024, a downgrade of the current financial strength ratings by either Moody's or S&P would not require additional assets to be posted as collateral. This requirement could change as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated. The nature of the additional collateral that we would post, if required, would be primarily in the form of U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury notes and government agency securities.
14. EQUITY
Equity Repurchase Program
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased $350 (3.8 million shares) and $350 (4.7 million shares), respectively, of common stock under Board authorized share repurchase programs covering the applicable
periods. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has $1.0 billion remaining for equity repurchases under the current $3.0 billion share repurchase program, which is effective until December 31, 2024. During the period April 1, 2024 through April 24, 2024, the Company repurchased $113 (1.1 million shares) under this repurchase program.
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Table of Contents |  | Note 14 - Equity

T HE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
The timing of any repurchases is dependent on several factors, including the market price of the Company's securities, the Company's capital position, consideration of the effect of any
repurchases on the Company's financial strength or credit ratings, the Company's blackout periods, and other considerations.
15. CHANGES IN AND RECLASSIFICATIONS FROM ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Changes in
| Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fixed Maturities, AFS | Unrealized Losses on Fixed Maturities with ACL | Net Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Liability for Future Policy Benefits Adjustments | Pension and Other Postretirement Plan Adjustments | AOCI, net of tax
Beginning balance | $ | (1,482) |  | $ | (8) |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 37 |  | $ | 25 |  | $ | (1,442) |  | $ | (2,849) |
OCI before reclassifications | (210) |  | 1 |  | — |  | (1) |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | (202) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | 14 |
OCI, before tax | (203) |  | 1 |  | — |  | (1) |  | 6 |  | 9 |  | (188) |
Income tax benefit (expense) | 43 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1) |  | (2) |  | 40 |
OCI, net of tax | (160) |  | 1 |  | — |  | (1) |  | 5 |  | 7 |  | (148) |
Ending balance | $ | (1,642) |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 36 |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | (1,435) |  | $ | (2,997) |

Reclassifications from AOCI
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fixed Maturities, AFS |  |  |
Available-for-sale fixed maturities | $ | (7) |  |  | Net realized gains (losses)
| (7) |  |  | Total before tax
| (1) |  |  | Income tax expense
| $ | (6) |  |  | Net income
Net Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | (7) |  |  | Net investment income
Interest rate swaps | 4 |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign currency swaps | 3 |  |  | Net investment income
| — |  |  | Total before tax
| — |  |  | Income tax expense
| $ | — |  |  | Net income
Pension and Other Postretirement Plan Adjustments |  |  |
Amortization of prior service credit | $ | 2 |  |  | Insurance operating costs and other expenses
Amortization of actuarial loss | (9) |  |  | Insurance operating costs and other expenses
| (7) |  |  | Total before tax
| (1) |  |  | Income tax expense
| $ | (6) |  |  | Net income
Total amounts reclassified from AOCI | $ | (12) |  |  | Net income

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Table of Contents |  | Note 15 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Changes in
| Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fixed Maturities, AFS | Unrealized Losses on Fixed Maturities with ACL | Net Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | Liability for Future Policy Benefits Adjustments | Pension and Other Postretirement Plan Adjustments | AOCI, net of tax
Beginning balance | $ | (2,594) |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 40 |  | $ | 31 |  | $ | 35 |  | $ | (1,346) |  | $ | (3,841) |
OCI before reclassifications | 715 |  | (8) |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | (10) |  | — |  | 707 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 27 |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 36 |
OCI, before tax | 742 |  | (8) |  | 10 |  | 3 |  | (10) |  | 6 |  | 743 |
Income tax benefit (expense) | (156) |  | 2 |  | (2) |  | (1) |  | 2 |  | (1) |  | (156) |
OCI, net of tax | 586 |  | (6) |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | (8) |  | 5 |  | 587 |
Ending balance | $ | (2,008) |  | $ | (13) |  | $ | 48 |  | $ | 33 |  | $ | 27 |  | $ | (1,341) |  | $ | (3,254) |

Reclassifications from AOCI |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |  | Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations |
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fixed Maturities, AFS |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale fixed maturities | $ | (27) |  |  | Net realized gains (losses) |
| (27) |  |  | Total before tax |
| (6) |  |  | Income tax expense |
| $ | (21) |  |  | Net income |
Net Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | (8) |  |  | Net investment income |
Interest rate swaps | 3 |  |  | Interest expense |
Foreign currency swaps | 2 |  |  | Net investment income |
| (3) |  |  | Total before tax |
| (1) |  |  | Income tax expense |
| $ | (2) |  |  | Net income |
Pension and Other Postretirement Plan Adjustments |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service credit | $ | 2 |  |  | Insurance operating costs and other expenses |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (8) |  |  | Insurance operating costs and other expenses |
| (6) |  |  | Total before tax |
| (1) |  |  | Income tax expense |
| $ | (5) |  |  | Net income |
Total amounts reclassified from AOCI | $ | (28) |  |  | Net income |

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Table of Contents |  | Note 16 - Employee Benefit Plans

THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company’s employee benefit plans are described in Note 19 - Employee Benefit Plans of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. Net periodic cost (benefit) is recognized in insurance operating costs and other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Based on the funded status of the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan, the Company does not anticipate contributing to the plan in 2024.

Net Periodic Cost (Benefit)
|  |  | Pension Benefits |  |  |  | Other Postretirement Benefits
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  | 2024 | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Service cost |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 44 |  | 45 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (57) |  | (59) |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |
Amortization of prior service credit |  |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2) |  | (2) |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  |  | 8 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Net periodic cost (benefit) |  |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | (6) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 1 |

17. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER COSTS
In recognition of the need to become more cost efficient and competitive along with enhancing the experience we provide to agents and customers, on July 30, 2020 the Company announced an operational transformation and cost reduction plan it refers to as Hartford Next. Hartford Next reduced annual insurance operating costs and other expenses through reduction of the Company's headcount, investment in information technology ("IT") to further enhance our capabilities, and other activities. The activities were substantially completed as of December 31, 2023.
Termination benefits related to workforce reductions and professional fees are included within restructuring and other costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company expects to incur additional costs including amortization of right of use assets and other lease exit costs, other IT costs to retire applications and other expenses. Total restructuring and other costs are expected to be approximately $126, before tax, and will be recognized in Corporate for segment reporting.

Restructuring and Other Costs, Before Tax |  |
|  |  | Incurred in the Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Cumulative Incurred Through March 31, 2024 |  |  | Total Amount Expected to be Incurred |  |
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Severance benefits |  |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |
IT costs |  |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |
Professional fees and other expenses |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |
Total restructuring and other costs, before tax |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  |

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Table of Contents |  | Index to MD&A

Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 2. |  |  |  |

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollar amounts in millions except for per share data, unless otherwise stated)
The Hartford provides projections and other forward-looking information in the following discussions, which contain many forward-looking statements, particularly relating to the Company’s future financial performance. These forward-looking statements are estimates based on information currently available to the Company, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to the cautionary statements set forth on pages 4 and 5 of this Form 10-Q. Actual results are likely to differ, and in the past have differed, materially from those forecast by the Company, depending on the outcome of various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in the following discussion; Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report; and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The Hartford undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Certain reclassifications have been made to historical financial information presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") to conform to the current period presentation.
The Hartford defines increases or decreases greater than or equal to 200%, or changes from a net gain to a net loss position, or vice versa, as “NM” or not meaningful.
INDEX

Description | Page
Key Performance Measures and Ratios | 48
The Hartford's Operations | 54
Financial Highlights | 55
Consolidated Results of Operations | 56
Investment Results | 59
Critical Accounting Estimates | 61
Commercial Lines | 65
Personal Lines | 70
Property & Casualty Other Operations | 74
Group Benefits | 75
Hartford Funds | 77
Corporate | 79
Enterprise Risk Management | 79
Capital Resources and Liquidity | 91
Impact of New Accounting Standards | 96

Throughout the MD&A, we use certain terms and abbreviations, the more commonly used are summarized in the Acronyms section.
KEY PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND RATIOS
The Company considers the measures and ratios in the following discussion to be key performance indicators for its businesses. Management believes that these ratios and measures are useful in understanding the underlying trends in The Hartford’s businesses. However, these key performance indicators should only be used in conjunction with, and not in lieu of, the results presented in the segment discussions that follow in this MD&A. These ratios and measures may not be comparable to other performance measures used by the Company’s competitors.
Definitions of Non-GAAP and Other Measures and Ratios
Assets Under Management ("AUM")- Include mutual fund and exchange-traded fund ("ETF") assets. AUM is a measure used by the Company's Hartford Funds segment because a significant portion of the segment’s revenues and expenses are based upon asset values. These revenues and expenses increase or decrease with a rise or fall in AUM whether caused by changes in the market or through net flows.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Book Value per Diluted Share excluding accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI")- This is a non-GAAP per share measure that i s calculated by dividing (a) common stockholders' equity, excluding AOCI, after tax, by (b) common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares. The Company provides this measure to enable investors to analyze the amount of the Company's net worth that is primarily attributable to the Company's business operations. The Company believes that excluding AOCI from the numerator is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in interest rates. Book value per diluted share is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.
Combined Ratio- The sum of the loss and loss adjustment expense ("LAE") ratio, the expense ratio and the policyholder dividend ratio. This ratio is a relative measurement that describes the related cost of losses and expenses for every $100 of earned premiums. A combined ratio below 100 demonstrates underwriting profit; a combined ratio above 100 demonstrates underwriting losses.
Core Earnings- The Hartford uses the non-GAAP measure core earnings as an important measure of the Company’s operating performance. The Hartford believes that core earnings provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of the Company’s ongoing businesses because it reveals trends in our insurance and financial services businesses that may be obscured by including the net effect of certain items. Therefore, the following items are excluded from core earnings:
•Certain realized gains and losses - Generally realized gains and losses are primarily driven by investment decisions and external economic developments, the nature and timing of which are unrelated to the insurance and underwriting aspects of our business. Accordingly, core earnings excludes the effect of all realized gains and losses that tend to be highly variable from period to period based on capital market conditions. The Hartford believes, however, that some realized gains and losses are integrally related to our insurance operations, so core earnings includes net realized gains and losses such as net periodic settlements on credit derivatives. These net realized gains and losses are directly related to an offsetting item included in the income statement such as net investment income.
•Restructuring and other costs - Costs incurred as part of a restructuring plan are not a recurring operating expense of the business.
•Loss on extinguishment of debt - Largely consisting of make-whole payments or tender premiums upon paying debt off before maturity, these losses are not a recurring operating expense of the business.
•Gains and losses on reinsurance transactions - Gains or losses on reinsurance, such as those entered into upon sale of a business or to reinsure loss reserves, are not a recurring operating expense of the business.
•Integration and other non-recurring M&A costs - These costs, including transaction costs incurred in connection with an acquired business, are incurred over a short period of time and do not represent an ongoing operating expense of the business.
•Change in loss reserves upon acquisition of a business - These changes in loss reserves are excluded from core earnings because such changes could obscure the ability to compare results in periods after the acquisition to results of periods prior to the acquisition.
•Deferred gain resulting from retroactive reinsurance and subsequent changes in the deferred gain - Retroactive reinsurance agreements economically transfer risk to the reinsurers and excluding the deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance and related amortization of the deferred gain from core earnings provides greater insight into the economics of the business.
•Change in valuation allowance on deferred taxes related to non-core components of before tax income - These changes in valuation allowances are excluded from core earnings because they relate to non-core components of before tax income, such as tax attributes like capital loss carryforwards.
•Results of discontinued operations - These results are excluded from core earnings for businesses sold or held for sale because such results could obscure the ability to compare period over period results for our ongoing businesses.
In addition to the above components of net income available to common stockholders that are excluded from core earnings, preferred stock dividends declared, which are excluded from net income, are included in the determination of core earnings. Preferred stock dividends are a cost of financing more akin to interest expense on debt and are expected to be a recurring expense as long as the preferred stock is outstanding.
Net income (loss) and net income (loss) available to common stockholders are the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to core earnings. Core earnings should not be considered as a substitute for net income (loss) or net income (loss) available to common stockholders and does not reflect the overall profitability of the Company’s business. Therefore, The Hartford believes that it is useful for investors to evaluate net income (loss), net income (loss) available to common stockholders, and core earnings when reviewing the Company’s performance.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Reconciliation of Net Income to Core Earnings
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Net income |  |  |  | $ | 753 |  | $ | 535 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  |  |  | 748 |  | 530 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income available to common stockholders to core earnings: |  |  |  |  |
Net realized losses (gains) excluded from core earnings, before tax |  |  |  | (30) |  | 7 |
Restructuring and other costs, before tax |  |  |  | 1 |  | — |
Integration and other non-recurring M&A costs, before tax |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |
Change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance, before tax [1] |  |  |  | (24) |  | — |
Income tax expense (benefit) [2] |  |  |  | 12 |  | (3) |
Core earnings |  |  |  | $ | 709 |  | $ | 536 |

[1]During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company began collecting recoveries from National Indemnity Company ("NICO”), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. related to the Navigators adverse development cover ("Navigators ADC") and as a result amortized $24 of the deferred gain within benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For additional information regarding the ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]Primarily represents the federal income tax benefit related to before tax items not included in core earnings.
Core Earnings Margin- The Hartford uses the non-GAAP measure core earnings margin to evaluate, and believes it is an important measure of, the Group Benefits segment's operating performance. Core earnings margin is calculated by dividing core earnings by revenues, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses). Net income margin, calculated by dividing net income by revenues, is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. The Company believes that core earnings margin provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of Group Benefits because it reveals trends in the business that may be obscured by the effect of buyouts and realized gains (losses) as well as other items excluded in the calculation of core earnings. Core earnings margin should not be considered as a substitute for net income margin and does not reflect the overall profitability of Group Benefits. Therefore, the Company believes it is important for investors to evaluate both core earnings margin and net income margin when reviewing performance. A reconciliation of net income margin to core earnings margin is set forth in the Results of Operations section within MD&A - Group Benefits.
Current Accident Year Catastrophe Ratio- A component of the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio, represents the ratio of catastrophe losses incurred in the current accident year ("CAY") (net of reinsurance) to earned premiums. For U.S. events, a catastrophe is an event that causes $25 or more in industry insured property losses and affects a significant number of property and casualty policyholders and insurers, as defined by the Property Claim Services office of Verisk. For international events, the Company's approach is similar, informed, in part, by how Lloyd's of London defines major losses. Lloyd's of London is an insurance market-place operating worldwide ("Lloyd's"). Lloyd's does not underwrite risks. The Company accepts risks as the sole member of Lloyd's Syndicate 1221 ("Lloyd's Syndicate"). The current accident year catastrophe ratio includes the effect of catastrophe losses, but does not include the effect of reinstatement premiums.
Expense Ratio- For Commercial Lines and Personal Lines is the ratio of underwriting expenses less fee income, to earned premiums. Underwriting expenses include the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and insurance
operating costs and other expenses, including certain centralized services costs and bad debt expense. DAC includes commissions, taxes, licenses and fees and other incremental direct underwriting expenses and are amortized over the policy term.
The expense ratio for Group Benefits is expressed as the ratio of insurance operating costs and other expenses including amortization of intangibles and amortization of DAC, to premiums and other considerations, excluding buyout premiums.
The expense ratio for Commercial Lines, Personal Lines and Group Benefits does not include integration and other transaction costs associated with an acquired business.
Fee Income- Is largely driven from amounts earned as a result of contractually defined percentages of AUM in our Hartford Funds business. These fees are generally earned on a daily basis. Therefore, this fee income increases or decreases with the rise or fall in AUM whether caused by changes in the market or through net flows.
Gross New Business Premium- Represents the amount of premiums charged, before ceded reinsurance, for policies issued to customers who were not insured with the Company in the previous policy term. Gross new business premium plus gross renewal written premium less ceded reinsurance equals total written premium.
Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Ratio- A measure of the cost of claims incurred in the calendar year divided by earned premium and includes losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred for both the current and prior accident years. Among other factors, the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio needed for the Company to achieve its targeted return on equity ("ROE") fluctuates from year to year based on changes in the expected investment yield over the claim settlement period, the timing of expected claim settlements and the targeted returns set by management based on the competitive environment.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio is affected by claim frequency and claim severity, particularly for shorter-tail property lines of business, where the emergence of claim frequency and severity is credible and likely indicative of ultimate losses. Claim frequency represents the percentage change in the average number of reported claims per unit of exposure in the current accident year compared to that of the previous accident year. Claim severity represents the percentage change in the estimated average cost per claim in the current accident year compared to that of the previous accident year. As one of the factors used to determine pricing, the Company’s practice is to first make an overall assumption about claim frequency and severity for a given line of business and then, as part of the rate-making process, adjust the assumption as appropriate for the particular state, product or coverage.
Current Accident Year Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Ratio Before Catastrophes- A measure of the cost of non-catastrophe loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred in the current accident year divided by earned premiums. Management believes that the current accident year loss and loss adjustment expense ratio before catastrophes is a performance measure that is useful to investors as it removes the impact of volatile and unpredictable catastrophe losses and prior accident year development ("PYD").
Loss Ratio, excluding Buyouts- Utilized for the Group Benefits segment and is expressed as a ratio of benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses, excluding those related to buyout premiums, to premiums and other considerations, excluding buyout premiums. Since Group Benefits occasionally buys a block of claims for a stated premium amount, the Company excludes this buyout from the loss ratio used for evaluating the profitability of the business as buyouts may distort the loss ratio. Buyout premiums represent takeover of open claim liabilities and other non-recurring premium amounts.
Mutual Fund and Exchange-Traded Fund Assets- Are owned by the shareowners of those products and not by the Company and, therefore, are not reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, except in instances where the Company seeds new investment products.
Mutual fund and ETF assets are a measure used by the Company primarily because a significant portion of the Company’s Hartford Funds segment revenues and expenses are based upon asset values. These revenues and expenses increase or decrease with a rise or fall in AUM whether caused by changes in the market or through net flows.
Net New Business Premium- Represents the amount of premiums charged, after ceded reinsurance, for policies issued to customers who were not insured with the Company in the previous policy term. Net new business premium plus renewal written premium equals total written premium.
Policy Count Retention- Represents the number of renewal policies issued during the current year period divided by the new and renewal policies issued in the prior period. Policy count retention is affected by a number of factors, including the percentage of renewal policy quotes accepted and decisions by the Company to non-renew policies because of specific policy underwriting concerns or because of a decision to reduce
premium writings in certain classes of business or states. Policy count retention is also affected by advertising and rate actions taken by us and competitors.
Effective Policy Count Retention- Represents the number of policies expected to renew in the current year period, based on contract effective dates, divided by the new and renewal policies effective in the prior period. Effective policy count retention is affected by a number of factors, including the percentage of renewal policy quotes accepted and decisions by the Company to non-renew policies because of specific policy underwriting concerns or because of a decision to reduce premium writings in certain classes of business or states. Effective policy count retention is also affected by advertising and rate actions taken by us and competitors, as well as the effect of subsequent cancellations and non-renewals by customers. Effective policy count retention statistics are subject to change from period to period based on the effect of differences between actual and expected policy cancellations throughout the policy period.
Policies in Force- Represents the number of policies with coverage in effect as of the end of the period. The number of policies in force is a growth measure used for Personal Lines as well as small commercial within Commercial Lines and is affected by both new business growth and policy count retention.
Policyholder Dividend Ratio- The ratio of policyholder dividends to earned premium.
Premium Retention- For middle & large commercial, represents the ratio of prior period premiums that were successfully renewed divided by premiums associated with policies available for renewal in the current period. Premium retention excludes premium amounts from annual audits, renewal written price increases and changes in exposure, including amount of insurance. Premium retention statistics are subject to change from period to period based on a number of factors, including the effect of subsequent cancellations and non-renewals.
Prior Accident Year Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Ratio- Represents the increase (decrease) in the estimated cost of settling catastrophe and non-catastrophe claims incurred in prior accident years as recorded in the current calendar year divided by earned premiums.
Reinstatement Premiums- Represents additional ceded premium paid for the reinstatement of the amount of reinsurance coverage that was reduced as a result of the Company ceding losses to reinsurers.
Renewal Earned Price Increase (Decrease)- Written premiums are earned over the policy term, which is six months for certain Personal Lines automobile business and twelve months for substantially all of the remainder of the Company’s Property and Casualty ("P&C") business. Since the Company earns premiums over the six to twelve month term of the policies, renewal earned price increases (decreases) lag renewal written price increases (decreases) by six to twelve months.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Renewal Written Price Increase (Decrease)- For Commercial Lines, represents the combined effect of rate changes and individual risk pricing decisions per unit of exposure on policies that renewed and includes amount of insurance. For Personal Lines, renewal written price increases represent the total change in premium per policy since the prior year on those policies that renewed and includes the combined effect of rate changes, amount of insurance and other changes in exposure. For Personal Lines, other changes in exposure include, but are not limited to, the effect of changes in number of drivers, vehicles and incidents, as well as changes in customer policy elections, such as deductibles and limits. The rate component represents the change in rate impacting renewal policies as previously filed with and approved by state regulators during the period. Amount of insurance represents the change in the value of the rating base, such as model year/vehicle symbol for automobiles, building replacement costs for property and wage inflation for workers’ compensation. A number of factors affect renewal written price increases (decreases) including expected loss costs as projected by the Company’s pricing actuaries, rate filings approved by state regulators, risk selection decisions made by the Company’s underwriters and marketplace competition. Renewal written price changes reflect the property and casualty insurance market cycle. Prices tend to increase for a particular line of business when insurance carriers have incurred significant losses in that line of business in the recent past or the industry as a whole commits less of its capital to writing exposures in that line of business. Prices tend to decrease when recent loss experience has been favorable or when competition among insurance carriers increases. Renewal written price statistics are subject to change from period to period, based on a number of factors, including changes in actuarial estimates and the effect of subsequent cancellations and non-renewals, and modifications made to better reflect ultimate pricing achieved.
Return on Assets (“ROA”), Core Earnings-The Company uses this non-GAAP financial measure to evaluate, and believes is an important measure of, the Hartford Funds segment’s operating performance. ROA, core earnings is calculated by dividing annualized core earnings by a daily average AUM. ROA is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. The Company believes that ROA, core earnings, provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of the Hartford Funds segment because it reveals trends in our business that may be obscured by the effect of items excluded in the calculation of core earnings. ROA, core earnings, should
not be considered as a substitute for ROA and does not reflect the overall profitability of our Hartford Funds business. Therefore, the Company believes it is important for investors to evaluate both ROA, and ROA, core earnings when reviewing the Hartford Funds segment performance. A reconciliation of ROA to ROA, core earnings is set forth in the Results of Operations section within MD&A - Hartford Funds.
Underlying Combined Ratio- This non-GAAP financial measure of underwriting results represents the combined ratio before catastrophes, prior accident year development and current accident year change in loss reserves upon acquisition of a business. Combined ratio is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. The Company believes this ratio is an important measure of the trend in profitability since it removes the impact of volatile and unpredictable catastrophe losses and prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expense reserve development. The changes to loss reserves upon acquisition of a business are excluded from underlying combined ratio because such changes could obscure the ability to compare results in periods after the acquisition to results of periods prior to the acquisition as such trends are valuable to our investors' ability to assess the Company's financial performance.
A reconciliation of combined ratio to underlying combined ratio is set forth in the Results of Operations section within MD&A - Commercial Lines and Personal Lines.
Underwriting Gain (Loss)- The Hartford's management evaluates profitability of the Commercial and Personal Lines segments primarily on the basis of underwriting gain or loss. Underwriting gain (loss) is a before tax non-GAAP measure that represents earned premiums less incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting expenses. Net income (loss) is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Underwriting gain (loss) is influenced significantly by earned premium growth and the adequacy of The Hartford's pricing. Underwriting profitability over time is also greatly influenced by The Hartford's underwriting discipline, as management strives to manage exposure to loss through favorable risk selection and diversification, effective management of claims, use of reinsurance and its ability to manage its expenses. The Hartford believes that underwriting gain (loss) provides investors with a valuable measure of profitability, before tax, derived from underwriting activities, which are managed separately from the Company's investing activities.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Reconciliation of Net Income to Underwriting Gain (Loss)
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Commercial Lines
Net income |  |  |  | $ | 573 |  | $ | 421 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to underwriting gain: |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income |  |  |  | (391) |  | (338) |
Net realized losses (gains) |  |  |  | (12) |  | 19 |
Other expense |  |  |  | 2 |  | — |
Income tax expense |  |  |  | 129 |  | 100 |
Underwriting gain |  |  |  | $ | 301 |  | $ | 202 |
Personal Lines
Net income (loss) |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | (1) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to underwriting loss: |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income |  |  |  | (50) |  | (38) |
Net realized losses (gains) |  |  |  | (1) |  | 1 |
Net servicing and other income |  |  |  | (4) |  | (6) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  | 8 |  | (1) |
Underwriting loss |  |  |  | $ | (13) |  | $ | (45) |
P&C Other Operations
Net income |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 6 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to underwriting loss: |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income |  |  |  | (18) |  | (16) |
Net realized losses |  |  |  | — |  | 3 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Underwriting loss |  |  |  | $ | (9) |  | $ | (6) |

Written and Earned Premiums- Written premium represents the amount of premiums charged for policies issued, net of reinsurance, during a fiscal period. Premiums are considered earned and are included in the financial results on a pro rata basis over the policy period. Management believes that written premium is a performance measure that is useful to investors as it reflects current trends in the Company’s sale of property and casualty insurance products. Written and earned premium are recorded net of ceded reinsurance premium.
Traditional life and disability insurance type products, such as those sold by Group Benefits, collect premiums from policyholders in exchange for financial protection for the policyholder from a specified insurable loss, such as death or disability. These premiums together with net investment income earned are used to pay the contractual obligations under these insurance contracts. Two major factors, new sales and persistency, impact premium growth. Sales can increase or decrease in a given year based on a number of factors, including but not limited to, customer demand for the Company’s product offerings, pricing competition, distribution channels and the Company’s reputation and ratings. Persistency refers to the percentage of premium remaining in-force from year-to-year.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
THE HARTFORD’S OPERATIONS
The Hartford conducts business principally in five reporting segments including Commercial Lines, Personal Lines, Property & Casualty Other Operations, Group Benefits and Hartford Funds, as well as a Corporate category. The Company includes in the Corporate category reserves for run-off structured settlement and terminal funding agreement liabilities, restructuring costs, capital raising activities (including equity financing, debt financing and related interest expense), transaction expenses incurred in connection with an acquisition, certain M&A costs, purchase accounting adjustments related to goodwill and other expenses not allocated to the reporting segments. Corporate also includes investment management fees and expenses related to managing third-party assets.
The Company derives its revenues principally from: (a) premiums earned for insurance coverage provided to insureds; (b) management fees on mutual fund and ETF assets; (c) net investment income; (d) fees earned for services provided to third parties; and (e) net realized gains and losses. Premiums charged for insurance coverage are earned principally on a pro rata basis over the terms of the related policies in-force.
The profitability of the Company's property and casualty insurance businesses over time is greatly influenced by the Company’s underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage exposure to loss through favorable risk selection and diversification, its management of claims, its use of reinsurance, the size of its in force block, making reliable estimates of actual mortality and morbidity, and its ability to manage its expense ratio which it accomplishes through economies of scale and its management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. Pricing adequacy depends on a number of factors, including the ability to obtain regulatory approval for rate changes, proper evaluation of underwriting risks, the ability to project future loss cost frequency and severity based on historical loss experience adjusted for known trends, the Company’s response to rate actions taken by competitors, its expense levels and expectations about regulatory and legal developments. The Company seeks to price its insurance policies such that insurance premiums and future net investment income earned on premiums received will cover underwriting expenses and the ultimate cost of paying claims reported on the policies and provide for a profit margin. For many of its insurance products, the Company is required to obtain approval for its premium rates from state insurance departments and the Lloyd's Syndicate's ability to write business is subject to Lloyd's approval for its premium capacity each year. Most of Personal Lines written premium is associated with our exclusive licensing agreement with AARP, which is effective through December 31, 2032. This agreement provides an important competitive advantage given the size of the 50 plus population and the strength of the AARP brand.
Similar to property and casualty, profitability of the group benefits business depends, in large part, on the ability to evaluate and price risks appropriately and make reliable estimates of mortality, morbidity, disability and longevity. To manage the pricing risk, Group Benefits generally offers term insurance policies, allowing for the adjustment of rates or policy
terms in order to minimize the adverse effect of market trends, loss costs, declining interest rates and other factors. However, as policies are typically sold with rate guarantees an average of three years, pricing for the Company’s products could prove to be inadequate if loss and expense trends emerge adversely during the rate guarantee period or if investment returns are lower than expected at the time the products were sold. For some of its products, the Company is required to obtain approval for its premium rates from state insurance departments. New and renewal business for group benefits business, particularly for long-term disability ("LTD"), are priced using an assumption about expected investment yields over time. While the Company employs asset-liability duration matching strategies to mitigate risk and may use interest-rate sensitive derivatives to hedge its exposure in the Group Benefits investment portfolio, cash flow patterns related to the payment of benefits and claims are uncertain and actual investment yields could differ significantly from expected investment yields, affecting profitability of the business. In addition to appropriately evaluating and pricing risks, the profitability of the Group Benefits business depends on other factors, including the Company’s response to pricing decisions and other actions taken by competitors, its ability to offer voluntary products and self-service capabilities, the persistency of its sold business and its ability to manage its expenses which it seeks to achieve through economies of scale and operating efficiencies.
The financial results of the Company’s mutual fund and ETF businesses depend largely on the amount of AUM and the level of fees charged based, in part, on asset share class and fund type. Changes in AUM are driven by the two main factors of net flows and the market return of the funds, which are heavily influenced by the return realized in the equity and bond markets. Net flows are comprised of new sales less redemptions by mutual fund and ETF shareowners. Financial results are highly correlated to the growth in AUM since these funds generally earn fee income on a daily basis.
The investment return, or yield, on invested assets is an important element of the Company’s earnings since insurance products are priced with the assumption that premiums received can be invested for a period of time before benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses are paid. Due to the need to maintain sufficient liquidity to satisfy claim obligations, the majority of the Company’s invested assets have been held in available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, including, among other asset classes, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government debt, short-term debt, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities ("ABS") and collateralized loan obligations ("CLO"). The Company also invests in commercial mortgage loans as well as limited partnerships and alternative investments, which are private investments that are less liquid, but have the potential to generate higher returns. The primary investment objective for the Company is to maximize economic value, consistent with acceptable risk parameters, including the management of credit risk and interest rate sensitivity of invested assets, while generating sufficient net of tax income to meet policyholder and corporate obligations. Investment strategies are developed based on a variety of factors including business needs, regulatory requirements and tax considerations.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FIRST QUARTER FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Net Income Available to Common Stockholders |  | Net Income Available to Common Stockholders per Diluted Share |  | Book Value per Diluted Share

Ý | Increased $218 or 41% |  | Ý | Increased $0.81 or 49% |  | Ý | Increased $0.80 or 2%
+ | Higher net investment income |  | + | Increase in net income available to common stockholders |  | + | Net income in excess of common stockholder dividends
+ | The effect of higher earned premiums in P&C and Group Benefits |  |
| + | Reduction in outstanding shares due to share repurchases |  | - | Dilutive effect of share repurchases
+ | Favorable prior accident year development in the 2024 period |  |  | - | A decrease in AOCI, primarily driven by an increase in net unrealized losses on AFS securities
+ | A change to net realized gains from net realized losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+ | Lower catastrophe losses in P&C |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+ | Improved group life and group disability loss ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Investment Yield, After Tax |  | Property & Casualty Combined Ratio |  | Group Benefits Net Income Margin

Ý | Increased 30 bps |  | Þ | Improved 2.9 points |  | Ý | Increased 0.9 points
+ | A higher yield on fixed maturity securities due to reinvesting at higher rates and an increased yield on variable-rate securities |  | - | Favorable prior accident year development in the 2024 period |  | + | Lower group life and group disability loss ratios
| - | Lower catastrophe losses |  | + | The effect of higher fully insured ongoing premiums
- | Lower returns on limited partnerships and other alternative investments |  | - | A lower expense ratio, primarily driven by higher earned premium |
|  | + | Higher net investment income
|  |  |  |  | - | A higher expense ratio
|  |  |  | - | Lower net realized gains

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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Consolidated Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes as well as with the segment operating results sections of MD&A.
Consolidated Results of Operations

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Earned premiums |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,446 |  | $ | 5,063 |  | 8 | %
Fee income |  |  |  |  | 333 |  | 319 |  | 4 | %
Net investment income |  |  |  |  | 593 |  | 515 |  | 15 | %
Net realized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  | 28 |  | (7) |  | NM
Other revenues |  |  |  |  | 19 |  | 20 |  | (5) | %
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | 6,419 |  | 5,910 |  | 9 | %
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  | 3,611 |  | 3,482 |  | 4 | %
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |  |  |  |  | 545 |  | 491 |  | 11 | %
Insurance operating costs and other expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,283 |  | 1,216 |  | 6 | %
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | — | %
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 18 |  | 18 |  | — | %
Restructuring and other costs |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | — |  | NM
Total benefits, losses and expenses |  |  |  |  | 5,508 |  | 5,257 |  | 5 | %
Income, before tax |  |  |  |  | 911 |  | 653 |  | 40 | %
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 158 |  | 118 |  | 34 | %
Net income |  |  |  |  | 753 |  | 535 |  | 41 | %
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | — | %
Net income available to common stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 748 |  | $ | 530 |  | 41 | %

Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income available to common stockholders increased by $218, primarily driven by:
•An increase in P&C underwriting gain of $128, before tax, driven by the effect of earned premium growth, including a lower expense ratio, favorable prior accident year reserve development, and lower current accident year catastrophe losses;
•Higher net investment income of $78, before tax, primarily driven by a higher yield on fixed maturities and a higher level of invested assets, partially offset by lower income from limited partnerships and other alternative investments;
•A $35, before tax, change to net realized gains in the 2024 period from net realized losses in the prior year period; and
•In Group Benefits, improved group life and group disability loss ratios and the effect of higher fully insured ongoing premiums, partially offset by a higher expense ratio.
For a discussion of the Company's operating results by segment, see MD&A - Segment Operating Summaries.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
REVENUE
Earned Premiums
Earned premiums increased $383 primarily due to:
•An increase in P&C reflecting a 10% increase in both Commercial Lines and Personal Lines.
–Contributing to the increase in Commercial Lines was the effect of an increase in new business across all lines of business, earned pricing increases, and higher insured exposures, principally in workers’ compensation and property lines.
–For Personal Lines, earned premium was up primarily due to the effect of earned pricing increases, partially offset by non-renewals.
•An increase in Group Benefits earned premium of 2%, including an increase in exposure on existing accounts, new business sales, and lower persistency compared to the prior year period.
Fee income increased primarily due to a $9 increase in Hartford Funds driven by higher daily average assets resulting from an increase in equity market levels, partially offset by net outflows over the preceding twelve months.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income increased primarily due to the impact of reinvesting at higher interest rates, a higher level of invested assets, and a higher yield on variable-rate securities, partially offset by a lower level of income on limited partnerships and other alternative investments.
Net realized gains (losses) changed to a gain in the 2024 period from a loss in the 2023 period primarily due to:
•Fewer net losses on sales of fixed maturities in the 2024 period; and
•Appreciation in value of fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option ("FVO securities") in the 2024 period compared to depreciation in the 2023 period due to changes in credit spreads.
For further discussion of investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results, Net Realized Gains and MD&A - Investment Results, Net Investment Income.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES
Losses and LAE Incurred for P&C
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses increased due to:
•An increase in Property & Casualty of $135 which was attributable to:
–An increase in P&C CAY loss and loss adjustment expenses before catastrophes of $215, before tax, primarily due to the effect of higher earned premiums in all P&C lines of business;
Partially offset by:
–A decrease in current accident year catastrophe losses of $24, before tax. Catastrophe losses in the 2024 period included losses from tornado, wind and hail, mainly in the Midwest, South and mid-Atlantic regions, as well as winter storms, primarily in the Northeast, Pacific and South regions. Catastrophe losses in the 2023 period included losses from winter storms along the East and West Coasts and tornado, wind and hail events across several regions of the United States; and
–Net favorable prior accident year reserve development of $56, before tax, in P&C compared to no net prior accident year reserve development in the 2023 period. Favorable prior year reserve development in the 2024 period was primarily driven by decreases in reserves related to workers' compensation and Personal Lines automobile physical damage, partially offset by increases in reserves for general liability, assumed reinsurance, and marine. The 2024 period also included a benefit of $24 related to amortization of the Navigators ADC deferred gain. For the 2023 period, prior year reserve development primarily included a decrease in reserves related to workers’ compensation and package business, offset by increases in reserves for Personal Lines automobile physical damage,
Losses and LAE Incurred for Group Benefits
general liability, and uncollectible reinsurance. For further discussion, see Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
•A decrease in Group Benefits of $6, before tax, primarily driven by the impact of lower mortality levels and favorable long-term disability claim recoveries, partially offset by the effect of an increase in earned premiums and higher incidence on paid family leave and short-term disability products.
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs increased from the prior year period driven by Commercial Lines, reflecting an increase in earned premiums across all commercial lines of business.
Insurance operating costs and other expenses increased due to:
•Increased expense from higher staffing costs and commissions in Commercial Lines and Group Benefits, partly in response to increased business volume;
•Higher direct marketing costs in Personal Lines as marketing resumed at normalized levels; and
•Investments in technology to support business growth and innovation initiatives.
Income tax expense increased primarily due to an increase in income before tax. For further discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
INVESTMENT RESULTS

Composition of Invested Assets
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amount | Percent |  | Amount | Percent
Fixed maturities, AFS, at fair value | $ | 40,840 |  | 72.8 | % |  | $ | 39,818 |  | 71.2 | %
FVO securities | 292 |  | 0.5 | % |  | 327 |  | 0.6 | %
Equity securities, at fair value | 736 |  | 1.3 | % |  | 864 |  | 1.5 | %
Mortgage loans (net of allowance for credit losses ("ACL") of $48 and $51) | 6,197 |  | 11.0 | % |  | 6,087 |  | 10.9 | %
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments | 4,866 |  | 8.7 | % |  | 4,785 |  | 8.6 | %
Other investments [1] | 201 |  | 0.4 | % |  | 191 |  | 0.3 | %
Short-term investments | 2,975 |  | 5.3 | % |  | 3,850 |  | 6.9 | %
Total investments | $ | 56,107 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 55,922 |  | 100.0 | %

[1]Primarily consists of equity fund investments, overseas deposits, consolidated investment funds, and derivative instruments which are carried at fair value.
March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023
Total investments increased slightly primarily due to an increase in fixed maturities, AFS, at fair value, partially offset by a decrease in short-term investments.
Fixed maturities, AFS, at fair value increased primarily due to net additions of corporate bonds, partially offset by a decrease in valuations due to higher interest rates, net of tighter credit spreads.
Short-term investments decreased primarily due to reallocation into fixed maturities, AFS.

Net Investment Income
|  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
(Before tax) |  |  |  |  |  | Amount | Yield [1] | Amount | Yield [1]
Fixed maturities [2] |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 526 |  | 4.5 | % | $ | 445 |  | 4.0 | %
Equity securities |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 4.2 | % | 13 |  | 2.9 | %
Mortgage loans |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |  | 4.0 | % | 57 |  | 3.7 | %
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 1.3 | % | 26 |  | 2.5 | %
Other [3] |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | (2) |  |
Investment expense |  |  |  |  |  | (27) |  |  | (24) |  |
Total net investment income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 593 |  | 4.1 | % | $ | 515 |  | 3.7 | %
Total net investment income excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 577 |  | 4.3 | % | $ | 489 |  | 3.8 | %

[1]Yields calculated using annualized net investment income divided by the monthly average invested assets at amortized cost, as applicable, excluding derivatives book value.
[2]Includes net investment income on short-term investments.
[3]Primarily includes changes in fair value of certain equity fund investments and income from derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting and are used to hedge fixed maturities.
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Total net investment income increased primarily due to the impact of reinvesting at higher rates, a higher level of invested assets, and a higher yield on variable-rate securities, partially offset by lower income from limited partnerships and other alternative investments.
Annualized net investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, was up
primarily due to the impact of reinvesting at higher rates and a higher yield on variable-rate securities.
Average reinvestment rate, on fixed maturities and mortgage loans, excluding certain U.S. Treasury securities, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 6.1% which was above the average yield of sales and maturities of 5.0% for the same period. Average reinvestment rate, on fixed maturities and mortgage loans, excluding certain U.S. Treasury securities, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 5.8% which was above the average yield of sales and maturities of 4.2% for the same period.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
For the 2024 calendar year, we expect the annualized net investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, to be above the portfolio yield earned in 2023 due to the higher rate environment. The
estimated impact on annualized net investment income yield is subject to variability including the impact of evolving market conditions.

Net Realized Gains (Losses)
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(Before tax) |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
Gross gains on sales of fixed maturities |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | 17 |
Gross losses on sales of fixed maturities |  |  |  | (11) |  | (39) |
Equity securities [1] |  |  |  | 35 |  | 35 |
Net credit losses on fixed maturities, AFS [2] |  |  |  | (1) |  | (5) |
Change in ACL on mortgage loans [3] |  |  |  | 3 |  | — |
Other, net [4] |  |  |  | (3) |  | (15) |
Net realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | $ | 28 |  | $ | (7) |

[1]The change in net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held as of the end of the period and included in net realized gains (losses) were $36 and $2 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
[2]See Credit Losses on Fixed Maturities, AFS and Intent-to-Sell Impairments within the Investment Portfolio Risks and Risk Management section of the MD&A.
[3]See ACL on Mortgage Loans within the Investment Portfolio Risks and Risk Management section of the MD&A.
[4]For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023 includes gains (losses) from transactional foreign currency revaluation of $2 and $(7), respectively, and gains (losses) on non-qualifying derivatives of $(2) and $5, respectively.
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Gross gains and losses on sales were primarily due to sales of corporate securities and tax-exempt municipals.
Equity securities net gains were primarily driven by an increase in value due to higher equity market levels.
Other, net losses include losses of $5 on equity derivatives due to higher equity market levels and $1 on impairments of limited partnerships and other alternative investments. Also included are gains of $4 on FVO securities due to appreciation in value and $3 on interest rate derivatives driven by changes in interest rates.
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Gross gains and losses on sales were primarily due to sales of corporate securities and tax-exempt municipals, in addition to sales of U.S. treasuries for duration and/or liquidity management.
Equity securities net gains were primarily driven by repositioning and appreciation in value due to higher equity market levels.
Other, net losses were primarily due to $16 on credit derivatives and $8 on FVO securities due to changes in credit spreads, as well as, $7 on transactional foreign currency revaluation. These losses were partially offset by gains of $21 on interest rate derivatives driven by changes in interest rates.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ, and in the past have differed, from those estimates.
The Company has identified the following estimates as critical in that they involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a significant degree of variability:
•property and casualty insurance product reserves, net of reinsurance;
•group benefit LTD reserves, net of reinsurance;
•evaluation of goodwill for impairment;
•valuation of investments and derivative instruments including evaluation of credit losses on fixed maturities, AFS and ACL on mortgage loans; and
•contingencies relating to corporate litigation and regulatory matters.
In developing these estimates, management makes subjective and complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to material change as facts and circumstances develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts provided are appropriate based upon the facts available upon compilation of the financial statements. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company’s critical accounting estimates are discussed in Part II, Item 7 MD&A in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. In addition, - Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report should be read in conjunction with this section to assist with obtaining an understanding of the underlying accounting policies related to these estimates. The following discussion updates certain of the Company’s critical accounting estimates as of March 31, 2024.
|PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE PRODUCT RESERVES, NET OF REINSURANCE
P&C Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves, Net of Reinsurance, by Segment as of March 31, 2024
Based on the results of the quarterly reserve review process, the Company determines the appropriate reserve adjustments, if any, to record. Recorded reserve estimates represent the Company's best estimate of the ultimate settlement amount of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. The Company does not use statistical loss distributions or confidence levels in the process of determining its reserve estimate and, as a result, does not disclose reserve ranges. Assumptions used in arriving at the selected actuarial indications consider a number of factors, including the immaturity of emerged claims in recent accident years, emerging trends in the recent past, and the level of volatility within each line of business. In general, adjustments are made more quickly to more mature accident years and less volatile lines of business. Such adjustments of reserves are referred to as “prior accident year development”. Increases in previous estimates of ultimate loss costs are referred to as either an increase in prior accident year reserves or as unfavorable reserve development. Decreases in previous estimates of ultimate loss costs are referred to as either a decrease in prior accident year reserves or as favorable reserve development. Reserve development can influence the comparability of year over year underwriting results and is set forth in the paragraphs and tables that follow.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Rollforward of Property and Casualty Insurance Product Liabilities for Unpaid Losses and LAE for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Property & Casualty Other Operations |  | Total Property & Casualty
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 29,181 |  | $ | 2,068 |  | $ | 2,795 |  |  | $ | 34,044 |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 4,599 |  | 28 |  | 2,069 |  |  | 6,696 |
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 24,582 |  | 2,040 |  | 726 |  |  | 27,348 |
Provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes | 1,725 |  | 575 |  | — |  |  | 2,300 |
Current accident year catastrophes | 109 |  | 52 |  | — |  |  | 161 |
Prior accident year development [1] | (56) |  | (7) |  | 7 |  |  | (56) |
Total provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | 1,778 |  | 620 |  | 7 |  |  | 2,405 |
Change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance included in other liabilities [1] | 24 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Payments | (1,312) |  | (584) |  | (44) |  |  | (1,940) |
Foreign currency adjustment | (5) |  | — |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 25,067 |  | 2,076 |  | 689 |  |  | 27,832 |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 4,612 |  | 27 |  | 2,066 |  |  | 6,705 |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 29,679 |  | $ | 2,103 |  | $ | 2,755 |  |  | $ | 34,537 |
Earned premiums and fee income | $ | 3,059 |  | $ | 821 |  |  |  |
Loss and loss expense paid ratio [2] | 42.9 |  | 71.1 |  |  |  |
Loss and loss expense incurred ratio | 58.3 |  | 76.3 |  |  |  |
Prior accident year development (pts) [3] | (1.8) |  | (0.9) |  |  |  |

[1]Prior accident year development for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes a $24 benefit for amortization of a deferred gain under retroactive reinsurance accounting related to the Navigators ADC as the Company began collecting recoveries of the ceded losses from NICO during the period. For additional information regarding the Navigators ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]The “loss and loss expense paid ratio” represents the ratio of paid losses and loss adjustment expenses to earned premiums and fee income.
[3]“Prior accident year development (pts)” represents the ratio of prior accident year development to earned premiums.

Current Accident Year Catastrophe Losses, Net of Reinsurance |
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  | Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Total |
Wind and hail |  |  |  |  | $ | 42 |  | $ | 38 |  | $ | 80 |  |
Winter storms |  |  |  |  | 52 |  | 14 |  | 66 |  |
Catastrophes before assumed reinsurance |  |  |  |  | 94 |  | 52 |  | 146 |  |
Global assumed reinsurance business [1] |  |  |  |  | 15 |  | — |  | 15 |  |
Total catastrophe losses |  |  |  |  | $ | 109 |  | $ | 52 |  | $ | 161 |  |

[1]Catastrophe losses incurred on global assumed reinsurance business are not covered under the Company's aggregate property catastrophe treaty. For further information on the treaty, refer to Enterprise Risk Management — Insurance Risk section of this MD&A.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Accident Year Development for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Property & Casualty Other Operations | Total Property & Casualty Insurance
Workers’ compensation | $ | (67) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (67) |
Workers’ compensation discount accretion | 12 |  | — |  | — |  | 12 |
General liability | 17 |  | — |  | — |  | 17 |
Marine | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |
Package business | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Commercial property | (3) |  | — |  | — |  | (3) |
Professional liability | (5) |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |
Bond | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Assumed reinsurance | 9 |  | — |  | — |  | 9 |
Automobile liability | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Homeowners | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Net asbestos and environmental ("A&E") reserves | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Catastrophes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Uncollectible reinsurance | (7) |  | — |  | 7 |  | — |
Other reserve re-estimates, net | 5 |  | (7) |  | — |  | (2) |
Prior accident year development before change in deferred gain | (32) |  | (7) |  | 7 |  | (32) |
Change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance included in other liabilities [1] | (24) |  | — |  | — |  | (24) |
Total prior accident year development | $ | (56) |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | (56) |

[1]The $24 change in deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance for the three months ended March 31, 2024, related to amortization of the Navigators ADC deferred gain under retroactive reinsurance accounting. For additional information regarding the Navigators ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Rollforward of Property and Casualty Insurance Product Liabilities for Unpaid Losses and LAE for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Property & Casualty Other Operations |  | Total Property & Casualty Insurance
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 28,453 |  | $ | 1,857 |  | $ | 2,773 |  |  | $ | 33,083 |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 4,574 |  | 28 |  | 1,863 |  |  | 6,465 |
Beginning liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 23,879 |  | 1,829 |  | 910 |  |  | 26,618 |
Provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes | 1,564 |  | 521 |  | — |  |  | 2,085 |
Current accident year catastrophes | 138 |  | 47 |  | — |  |  | 185 |
Prior accident year development | (23) |  | 20 |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Total provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | 1,679 |  | 588 |  | 3 |  |  | 2,270 |
Payments | (1,359) |  | (567) |  | (41) |  |  | (1,967) |
Foreign currency adjustment | 8 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net | 24,207 |  | 1,850 |  | 872 |  |  | 26,929 |
Reinsurance and other recoverables | 4,584 |  | 29 |  | 1,856 |  |  | 6,469 |
Ending liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, gross | $ | 28,791 |  | $ | 1,879 |  | $ | 2,728 |  |  | $ | 33,398 |
Earned premiums and fee income | $ | 2,776 |  | $ | 747 |  |  |  |
Loss and loss expense paid ratio [1] | 49.0 |  | 76.0 |  |  |  |
Loss and loss expense incurred ratio | 60.7 |  | 79.6 |  |  |  |
Prior accident year development (pts) [2] | (0.8) |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |

[1]The “loss and loss expense paid ratio” represents the ratio of paid losses and loss adjustment expenses to earned premiums and fee income.
[2]“Prior accident year development (pts)” represents the ratio of prior accident year development to earned premiums.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current Accident Year Catastrophe Losses, Net of Reinsurance
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Total
Wind and hail |  |  |  |  | $ | 43 |  | $ | 33 |  | $ | 76 |
Winter storms |  |  |  |  | 80 |  | 14 |  | 94 |
Catastrophes before assumed reinsurance |  |  |  |  | 123 |  | 47 |  | 170 |
Global assumed reinsurance business [1] |  |  |  |  | 15 |  | — |  | 15 |
Total catastrophe losses |  |  |  |  | $ | 138 |  | $ | 47 |  | $ | 185 |

[1]Catastrophe losses incurred on global assumed reinsurance business are not covered under the Company's aggregate property catastrophe treaty. For further information on the treaty, refer to Enterprise Risk Management — Insurance Risk section of this MD&A.

Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Accident Year Development for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Commercial Lines | Personal Lines | Property & Casualty Other Operations | Total Property & Casualty Insurance
Workers’ compensation | $ | (61) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (61) |
Workers’ compensation discount accretion | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |
General liability | 12 |  | — |  | — |  | 12 |
Marine | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |
Package business | (5) |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |
Commercial property | 5 |  | — |  | — |  | 5 |
Professional liability | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Bond | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Assumed Reinsurance | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |
Automobile liability | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Homeowners | — |  | (1) |  | — |  | (1) |
Net A&E reserves | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Catastrophes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Uncollectible reinsurance | 5 |  | — |  | 3 |  | 8 |
Other reserve re-estimates, net [1] | 7 |  | 21 |  | — |  | 28 |
Total prior accident year development | $ | (23) |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | — |

[1]Other reserve re-estimates, net for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $20 increase in personal automobile physical damage reserves.
For discussion of the factors contributing to unfavorable (favorable) prior accident year reserve development for both the 2024 and 2023 periods, please refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

SEGMENT OPERATING SUMMARIES

|COMMERCIAL LINES - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Underwriting Summary

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Written premiums |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,362 |  | $ | 3,109 |  | 8 | %
Change in unearned premium reserve |  |  |  |  | 314 |  | 343 |  | (8) | %
Earned premiums |  |  |  |  | 3,048 |  | 2,766 |  | 10 | %
Fee income |  |  |  |  | 11 |  | 10 |  | 10 | %
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 1,725 |  | 1,564 |  | 10 | %
Current accident year catastrophes [1] |  |  |  |  | 109 |  | 138 |  | (21) | %
Prior accident year development [1] |  |  |  |  | (56) |  | (23) |  | (143) | %
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,778 |  | 1,679 |  | 6 | %
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |  |  |  |  | 476 |  | 424 |  | 12 | %
Underwriting expenses |  |  |  |  | 487 |  | 456 |  | 7 | %
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | — | %
Dividends to policyholders |  |  |  |  | 10 |  | 8 |  | 25 | %
Underwriting gain |  |  |  |  | 301 |  | 202 |  | 49 | %
Net investment income [2] |  |  |  |  | 391 |  | 338 |  | 16 | %
Net realized gains (losses) [2] |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | (19) |  | NM
Other income (expense) [3] |  |  |  |  | (2) |  | — |  | NM
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 702 |  | 521 |  | 35 | %
Income tax expense [4] |  |  |  |  | 129 |  | 100 |  | 29 | %
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 573 |  | $ | 421 |  | 36 | %

[1]For additional information on current accident year catastrophes and prior accident year development, see MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Property and Casualty Insurance Product Reserves Development, Net of Reinsurance and Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]For discussion of consolidated investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
[3]Includes integration costs in connection with the 2019 acquisition of Navigators Group.
[4]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Premium Measures

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 | 2023 |  |  |
Small Commercial: |  |  |  |  |
Net new business premium | $ | 268 |  | $ | 242 |  |  |  |
Policy count retention | 85 | % | 86 | % |  |  |
Renewal written price increases | 5.2 | % | 3.8 | % |  |  |
Renewal earned price increases | 4.9 | % | 4.0 | % |  |  |
Policies in-force as of end of period (in thousands) | 1,512 |  | 1,439 |  |  |  |
Middle Market [1]: |  |  |  |  |
Net new business premium | $ | 174 |  | $ | 148 |  |  |  |
Premium retention | 83 | % | 82 | % |  |  |
Renewal written price increases | 6.9 | % | 6.5 | % |  |  |
Renewal earned price increases | 7.5 | % | 6.0 | % |  |  |
Global Specialty: |  |  |  |  |
Global specialty gross new business premium [2] | $ | 223 |  | $ | 191 |  |  |  |
Renewal written price increases [3] | 6.1 | % | 3.7 | % |  |  |
Renewal earned price increases [3] | 5.4 | % | 6.3 | % |  |  |

[1]Except for net new business premium, metrics for middle market exclude loss sensitive and programs businesses.
[2]Excludes Global Re and is before ceded reinsurance.
[3]Excludes Global Re, offshore energy policies, credit and political risk insurance policies, political violence and terrorism ("PV&T") policies, and any business under which the managing agent of our Lloyd's Syndicate delegates underwriting authority to coverholders and other third parties.
Underwriting Ratios

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 56.6 |  | 56.5 |  | 0.1 |
Current accident year catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 3.6 |  | 5.0 |  | (1.4) |
Prior accident year development |  |  |  |  | (1.8) |  | (0.8) |  | (1.0) |
Total loss and loss adjustment expense ratio |  |  |  |  | 58.3 |  | 60.7 |  | (2.4) |
Expense ratio |  |  |  |  | 31.5 |  | 31.7 |  | (0.2) |
Policyholder dividend ratio |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  | 0.3 |  | — |
Combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 90.1 |  | 92.7 |  | (2.6) |
Impact of current accident year catastrophes and prior year development |  |  |  |  | (1.8) |  | (4.2) |  | 2.4 |
Underlying combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 88.4 |  | 88.5 |  | (0.1) |

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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net Income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income increased primarily due to a higher underwriting gain, higher net investment income, and a change to net realized gains in the current year period from net realized losses in the prior year period. For further discussion of investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
Underwriting Gain
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Underwriting gain increased by the effect of earned premium growth, higher favorable prior accident year development, including $24 of a benefit for amortization of a deferred gain on the Navigators ADC, and lower current accident year catastrophe losses.
Expense ratio decreased driven by the impact of higher earned premium, partially offset by higher underwriting staffing costs and, to a lesser extent, investments in technology.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Earned Premiums
[1]Other earned premiums of $13 and $15, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
Written Premiums
[1]Other written premiums of $13 and $14 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Earned premiums increased due to written premium increases over the prior twelve months, including the effect of higher insured exposures.
Written premiums increased driven by growth across small commercial, middle & large commercial and global specialty.
•Small commercial written premium increased driven by double-digit new business growth, renewal written price increases and higher insured exposures. Written premium grew in all lines of business, including package business, excess and surplus, automobile and workers' compensation.
•Middle & large commercial written premium increased driven by double-digit new business growth, renewal written price increases in all lines and higher insured exposures. Written premium grew in nearly all lines across general industries, industry verticals and large property.
•Global specialty written premium increased driven by written price increases across almost all lines as well as an increase in gross new business, primarily in wholesale. Written premiums grew across most U.S. lines, global reinsurance and international lines.
Renewal written price increases were recognized in nearly all lines, with price increases across most lines other than directors and officers ("D&O").
•In small commercial, renewal written price increases were higher in 2024, with low-double digit price increases in package business and automobile and mid double-digit increases in excess and surplus lines. Workers' compensation pricing was slightly positive, but moderated from 2023 due to lower net rates and lower wage inflation.
•In middle market, the Company recognized high single-digit to low double-digit price increases in most lines other than workers’ compensation, which was positive due to the effect of wage inflation offset by lower net rates.
•In global specialty, U.S. price increases were higher than prior year levels and we achieved mid single-digit renewal written price increases overall, with the high-single to low double-digit increases in property, marine and casualty lines. D&O pricing continues to be negative, but to a lesser extent than the prior year.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Current Accident Year Loss and LAE Ratio before Catastrophes
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Current accident year loss and LAE ratio before catastrophes was substantially consistent with the prior year quarter as earned pricing is generally keeping pace with loss cost trends across most lines of business.
Catastrophes and Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Accident Year Development
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Current accident year catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included losses from winter
storms, mainly in the Northeast, Pacific and South regions, as
well as tornado, wind and hail events in the Midwest, South and
mid-Atlantic regions.
Current accident year catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included losses from winter storms primarily on the East and West Coasts as well as losses from various tornado, wind and hail events in several regions of the United States.
Prior accident year development was net favorable for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and included reserve decreases for workers' compensation and uncollectible reinsurance, partially offset by reserve increases for general liability, assumed reinsurance and marine. Also included is a benefit of $24 related to amortization of the Navigators ADC deferred gain. For additional information regarding the ADC reinsurance agreement, refer to Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Prior accident year development was net favorable for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and included reserve decreases for workers' compensation and package business, partially offset by reserve increases for general liability, property and uncollectible reinsurance.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

|PERSONAL LINES - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Underwriting Summary

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Written premiums |  |  |  |  | $ | 844 |  | $ | 747 |  | 13 | %
Change in unearned premium reserve |  |  |  |  | 31 |  | 8 |  | NM
Earned premiums |  |  |  |  | 813 |  | 739 |  | 10 | %
Fee income |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 8 |  | — | %
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 575 |  | 521 |  | 10 | %
Current accident year catastrophes [1] |  |  |  |  | 52 |  | 47 |  | 11 | %
Prior accident year development [1] |  |  |  |  | (7) |  | 20 |  | NM
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  | 620 |  | 588 |  | 5 | %
Amortization of DAC |  |  |  |  | 60 |  | 58 |  | 3 | %
Underwriting expenses |  |  |  |  | 153 |  | 145 |  | 6 | %
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — | %
Underwriting loss |  |  |  |  | (13) |  | (45) |  | 71 | %
Net investment income [2] |  |  |  |  | 50 |  | 38 |  | 32 | %
Net realized gains (losses) [2] |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | (1) |  | NM
Net servicing and other income (expense) [3] |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | (33) | %
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 42 |  | (2) |  | NM
Income tax expense (benefit) [4] |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | (1) |  | NM
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | (1) |  | NM

[1]For additional information on current accident year catastrophes and prior accident year development, see MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Property & Casualty Insurance Product Reserves, Net of Reinsurance and Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]For discussion of consolidated investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
[3]Includes servicing revenues of $19 and $19 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Includes servicing expenses of $15 and $14 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
[4]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Written and Earned Premiums

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Written Premiums |  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Product Line |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  |  |  | $ | 600 |  | $ | 529 |  | 13 | %
Homeowners |  |  |  |  | 244 |  | 218 |  | 12 | %
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 844 |  | $ | 747 |  | 13 | %
Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product Line |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  |  |  | $ | 566 |  | $ | 509 |  | 11 | %
Homeowners |  |  |  |  | 247 |  | 230 |  | 7 | %
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 813 |  | $ | 739 |  | 10 | %

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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Premium Measures

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Premium Measures | 2024 | 2023 |  |  |
Policies in-force end of period (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | 1,233 |  | 1,305 |  |  |  |
Homeowners | 701 |  | 731 |  |  |  |
Net new business premium |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | $ | 72 |  | $ | 46 |  |  |  |
Homeowners | $ | 34 |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |
Policy count retention |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | 84 | % | 85 | % |  |  |
Homeowners | 84 | % | 84 | % |  |  |
Effective Policy Count Retention |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | 80 | % | 84 | % |  |  |
Homeowners | 83 | % | 84 | % |  |  |
Renewal written price increase |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | 25.7 | % | 9.9 | % |  |  |
Homeowners | 15.2 | % | 13.9 | % |  |  |
Renewal earned price increase |  |  |  |  |
Automobile | 19.1 | % | 6.0 | % |  |  |
Homeowners | 14.4 | % | 11.3 | % |  |  |

Underwriting Ratios

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Underwriting Ratios |  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current accident year before catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 70.7 |  | 70.5 |  | 0.2 |
Current accident year catastrophes |  |  |  |  | 6.4 |  | 6.4 |  | — |
Prior year development |  |  |  |  | (0.9) |  | 2.7 |  | (3.6) |
Total loss and loss adjustment expense ratio |  |  |  |  | 76.3 |  | 79.6 |  | (3.3) |
Expense ratio |  |  |  |  | 25.3 |  | 26.5 |  | (1.2) |
Combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 101.6 |  | 106.1 |  | (4.5) |
Impact of current accident year catastrophes and prior year development |  |  |  |  | (5.5) |  | (9.1) |  | 3.6 |
Underlying combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 96.1 |  | 97.0 |  | (0.9) |

Product Combined Ratios

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Automobile |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 103.9 |  | 110.2 |  | (6.3) |
Underlying combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 104.4 |  | 105.1 |  | (0.7) |
Homeowners |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 96.2 |  | 96.8 |  | (0.6) |
Underlying combined ratio |  |  |  |  | 77.0 |  | 78.9 |  | (1.9) |

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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net Income (Loss)
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income changed to a net gain for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to a net loss for the prior year period, largely driven by improved underwriting results and an increase in net investment income.
Underwriting Loss
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Underwriting loss decreased driven by the effect of an increase in earned premium due to renewal written price increases and a change from unfavorable to favorable prior accident year development, partially offset by a slight increase in the current accident year loss and LAE ratio before catastrophes, an increase in current accident year catastrophe losses and an increase in direct marketing costs.
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Expense ratio decreased primarily due to the impact of higher earned premium driven by earned pricing increases, partially offset by an increase in direct marketing costs.
Earned Premiums
Written Premiums
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Earned premiums increased due to higher written premium over the prior twelve months in both automobile and homeowners.
Written premiums increased driven by the effect of written pricing increases in both automobile and homeowners.
Renewal written pricing increases were higher for both automobile and homeowners, primarily in response to recent higher loss cost trends as well as higher insured values in homeowners.
Policy count retention slightly decreased in automobile, and was stable for homeowners.
Effective Policy count retention decreased both for automobile and for homeowners in response to renewal written pricing increases.
Policies in-force declined for both automobile and for homeowners, reflecting the level of new business in relation to non-renewed policies.
Current Accident Year Loss and LAE Ratio before Catastrophes
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Current accident year Loss and LAE ratio before catastrophes increased slightly in automobile and was partially offset by a decrease in homeowners. The increase in automobile was primarily due to an increase in automobile liability and physical damage claim severity, as well as a slightly higher level of frequency in the current period, mostly offset by the impact of earned pricing increases. The automobile severity increases, although moderated from prior year, continue to include the inflationary effects on bodily injury claims and automobile parts and repairs, and also include higher attorney representation rates for liability claims. For homeowners, the decrease in the current accident year loss and LAE ratio before catastrophes was due to a decrease in frequency for both weather and non-weather claims, as well as the impact of earned pricing increases, partially offset by an increase in severity for both weather and non-weather claims. Contributing to the increase in homeowners severity was the effect of higher rebuilding costs due to inflation.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Current Accident Year Catastrophes and Unfavorable (Favorable) Prior Accident Year Development
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Current accident year catastrophe losses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior year. Current accident year catastrophe losses for 2024 included from tornado, wind and hail events, mainly in the Midwest and South regions, as well as winter storms in the Pacific and South regions. Current accident year catastrophe losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included tornado, wind and hail events in several regions of the United States, as well as losses from winter storms primarily on the East and West coasts.
Prior accident year development was favorable for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by improved severity on automobile physical damage. Net unfavorable prior accident year development for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by higher severity on automobile physical damage.

|PROPERTY & CASUALTY OTHER OPERATIONS - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Underwriting Summary

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior accident year development [1] |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 3 |  | 133 | %
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 133 | %
Underwriting expenses |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | (33) | %
Underwriting loss |  |  |  |  | (9) |  | (6) |  | (50) | %
Net investment income [2] |  |  |  |  | 18 |  | 16 |  | 13 | %
Net realized gains (losses) [2] |  |  |  |  | — |  | (3) |  | 100 | %
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 7 |  | 29 | %
Income tax expense [3] |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — | %
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 6 |  | 33 | %

[1]For additional information on prior accident year development, see Note 9 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]For discussion of consolidated investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
[3]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Net income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income increased primarily due to net realized losses in the 2023 period and higher net investment income, partially offset by a greater underwriting loss.
Underwriting loss increased primarily due to higher unfavorable prior accident year reserve development in the 2024 period related to an increase in reserves for uncollectible reinsurance.
Asbestos and environmental reserve comprehensive annual reviews will occur in the fourth quarter of 2024. For information on A&E reserves, see MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Asbestos and Environmental Reserves included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.

|GROUP BENEFITS - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Summary
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Premiums and other considerations |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,639 |  | $ | 1,609 |  | 2 | %
Net investment income [1] |  |  |  |  | 114 |  | 110 |  | 4 | %
Net realized gains [1] |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | (80) | %
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | 1,754 |  | 1,724 |  | 2 | %
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,204 |  | 1,210 |  | — | %
Amortization of DAC |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | — | %
Insurance operating costs and other expenses |  |  |  |  | 397 |  | 380 |  | 4 | %
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 10 |  | 10 |  | — | %
Total benefits, losses and expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,620 |  | 1,609 |  | 1 | %
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 134 |  | 115 |  | 17 | %
Income tax expense [2] |  |  |  |  | 26 |  | 23 |  | 13 | %
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 108 |  | $ | 92 |  | 17 | %

[1]For discussion of consolidated investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
[2]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Premiums and Other Considerations
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Fully insured – ongoing premiums |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,585 |  | $ | 1,557 |  | 2 | %
Buyout premiums |  |  |  |  | — |  | 1 |  | (100) | %
Fee income |  |  |  |  | 54 |  | 51 |  | 6 | %
Total premiums and other considerations |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,639 |  | $ | 1,609 |  | 2 | %
Fully insured ongoing sales |  |  |  |  | $ | 444 |  | $ | 474 |  | (6) | %

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Ratios, Excluding Buyouts
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Group disability loss ratio |  |  |  |  | 70.1 | % | 70.4 | % | (0.3)
Group life loss ratio |  |  |  |  | 82.6 | % | 86.7 | % | (4.1)
Total loss ratio |  |  |  |  | 73.5 | % | 75.2 | % | (1.7)
Expense ratio [1] |  |  |  |  | 25.4 | % | 24.7 | % | 0.7

[1]Integration and transaction costs related to the acquisition of Aetna's U.S. group life and disability business are not included in the expense ratio.

Margin
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Net income margin |  |  |  |  | 6.2 | % | 5.3 | % | 0.9 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income margin to core earnings margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gains, before tax |  |  |  |  | (0.1 | %) | (0.3 | %) | 0.2 |
Integration and other non-recurring M&A costs, before tax |  |  |  |  | — | % | 0.1 | % | (0.1) |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  | — | % | 0.1 | % | (0.1) |
Core earnings margin |  |  |  |  | 6.1 | % | 5.2 | % | 0.9 |

Net Income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income increased primarily due to a lower loss ratio, higher fully insured ongoing premiums, and higher net investment income, partially offset by a higher expense ratio and lower net realized gains.
Insurance operating costs and other expenses were higher prim arily due to the effect of higher earned premium, including higher staffing costs and commissions and increased investments in technology.
Fully Insured Ongoing Premiums
[1]Other of $100 and $104 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively, which includes other group coverages such as retiree health insurance, critical illness, accident and hospital indemnity coverages.
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Fully insured ongoing premiums increased over prior year and included an increase in exposure on existing accounts, new business sales, and lower persistency compared to the prior year period.
Fully insured ongoing sales decreased compared to prior year driven by lower group life sales, partially offset by an increase in group disability sales.
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Ratios
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Loss ratio improved 1.7 points compa red to the prior year period reflecting lower group life and group disability loss ratios. The group life loss ratio decreased 4.1 points driven by a lower level of mortality compared to the prior year period. The group disability loss ratio decreased 0.3 points due to favorable long-term disability claim recoveries, largely offset by higher incidence in paid family leave and short-term disability products.
Expense ratio increased in 2024 driven by higher staffing costs, increased investments in technology, and higher commission expense, partially offset by the effects of higher earned premium.

|HARTFORD FUNDS - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Summary

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Fee income and other revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 250 |  | $ | 241 |  | 4 | %
Net investment income |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 33 | %
Net realized gains |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | — | %
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | 259 |  | 249 |  | 4 | %
Operating costs and other expenses |  |  |  |  | 203 |  | 198 |  | 3 | %
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 56 |  | 51 |  | 10 | %
Income tax expense [1] |  |  |  |  | 11 |  | 10 |  | 10 | %
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 45 |  | $ | 41 |  | 10 | %
Daily average Hartford Funds AUM |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,648 |  | $ | 127,084 |  | 4 | %
ROA [2] |  |  |  |  | 13.7 |  | 12.9 |  | 6 | %
Adjustment to reconcile ROA to ROA, core earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effect of net realized gains excluded from core earnings, before tax |  |  |  |  | (1.5) |  | (1.6) |  | 6 | %
Effect of income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  | 0.3 |  | — | %
ROA, core earnings [2] |  |  |  |  | 12.5 |  | 11.6 |  | 8 | %

[1]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]Represents annualized earnings divided by a daily average of assets under management, as measured in basis points.
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Hartford Funds Segment AUM

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Mutual Fund and ETF AUM - beginning of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 119,316 |  | $ | 112,472 |  | 6 | %
Sales - Mutual Fund |  |  |  |  | 5,637 |  | 6,239 |  | (10) | %
Redemptions - Mutual Fund |  |  |  |  | (7,939) |  | (7,485) |  | (6) | %
Net flows - ETF |  |  |  |  | (209) |  | 67 |  | NM
Net flows - Mutual Fund and ETF |  |  |  |  | (2,511) |  | (1,179) |  | (113) | %
Change in market value and other |  |  |  |  | 6,754 |  | 4,215 |  | 60 | %
Mutual Fund and ETF AUM - end of period |  |  |  |  | 123,559 |  | 115,508 |  | 7 | %
Third-party life and annuity separate account AUM |  |  |  |  | 12,083 |  | 11,672 |  | 4 | %
Hartford Funds AUM - end of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 135,642 |  | $ | 127,180 |  | 7 | %

Mutual Fund and ETF AUM by Asset Class

|  |  |  |  | As of March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Equity - Mutual Funds |  |  |  |  | $ | 83,337 |  | $ | 76,132 |  | 9 | %
Fixed Income - Mutual Funds |  |  |  |  | 17,201 |  | 16,399 |  | 5 | %
Multi-Strategy Investments - Mutual Funds [1] |  |  |  |  | 19,268 |  | 19,941 |  | (3) | %
Equity - ETF |  |  |  |  | 1,851 |  | 1,878 |  | (1) | %
Fixed Income - ETF |  |  |  |  | 1,902 |  | 1,158 |  | 64 | %
Mutual Fund and ETF AUM |  |  |  |  | $ | 123,559 |  | $ | 115,508 |  | 7 | %

[1]Includes balanced, allocation and alternative investment products.
Net Income
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in fee income net of variable expenses driven by an increase in daily average AUM, and higher net investment income.
Hartford Funds AUM
March 31, 2024 compared to March 31, 2023
Hartford Funds AUM increased primarily due to an increase in market values, partly offset by net outflows over the previous twelve months. Net outflows were $2.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net outflows of $1.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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|CORPORATE - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Summary

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023 | Change
Fee income [1] |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 9 |  | 11 | %
Other revenue |  |  |  |  |  | — |  | 1 |  | (100) | %
Net investment income [2] |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 10 |  | 60 | %
Net realized gains [2] |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 6 |  | 50 | %
Total revenues (losses) |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  | 26 |  | 35 | %
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses [3] |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | — | %
Insurance operating costs and other expenses [1] |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 13 |  | 8 | %
Interest expense [4] |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | — | %
Restructuring and other costs |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | — |  | NM
Total benefits, losses and expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 67 |  | 65 |  | 3 | %
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | (32) |  | (39) |  | 18 | %
Income tax benefit [5] |  |  |  |  |  | (17) |  | (15) |  | (13) | %
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (15) |  | (24) |  | 38 | %
Preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | — | %
Net loss available to common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (20) |  | $ | (29) |  | 31 | %

[1]Includes investment management fees and expenses related to managing third-party business.
[2]For discussion of consolidated investment results, see MD&A - Investment Results.
[3]Includes benefits expense on life and annuity business previously underwritten by the Company.
[4]For discussion of debt, see Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
[5]For discussion of income taxes, see Note 12 - Income Taxes of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net loss available to common stockholders
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023
Net loss available to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased primarily due to higher net investment income, higher net realized gains, and a higher tax benefit related to the vesting of stock-based compensation awards during the quarter.

ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors has ultimate responsibility for risk oversight, as described more fully in our Proxy Statement, while management is tasked with the day-to-day management of the Company’s risks.
The Company manages and monitors risk through risk policies,
controls and limits. At the senior management level, an Enterprise Risk and Capital Committee (“ERCC”) oversees the risk profile and risk management practices of the Company.
The Company's enterprise risk management ("ERM") function supports the ERCC and functional committees, and is tasked with, among other things:
•risk identification and assessment;
•the development of risk appetites, tolerances, and limits;
•risk monitoring; and
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•internal and external risk reporting.
The Company categorizes its main risks as insurance risk, operational risk and financial risk. Insurance risk and financial risk are described in more detail below. Operational risk, including cybersecurity, and specific risk tolerances for natural catastrophes, terrorism and pandemic risk are described in the ERM section of the MD&A in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|INSURANCE RISK
Insurance risk is the risk of losses of both a catastrophic and non-catastrophic nature on the P&C and Group Benefits products the Company has sold. Catastrophe insurance risk is the exposure arising from both natural catastrophes (e.g., weather, earthquakes, wildfires, pandemics) and man-made catastrophes (e.g., terrorism, cyber-attacks) that create a concentration or aggregation of loss across the Company's insurance or asset portfolios.
Sources of Insurance Risk Non-catastrophe insurance risks exist within each of the Company's segments except Hartford Funds and include:
•Property- Risk of loss to personal or commercial property from automobile related accidents, weather, explosions, smoke, shaking, fire, theft, vandalism, inadequate installation, faulty equipment, collisions and falling objects, and/or machinery mechanical breakdown resulting in physical damage, losses from PV&T and other covered perils.
•Liability- Risk of loss from automobile related accidents, uninsured and underinsured drivers, lawsuits from accidents, defective products, breach of warranty, negligent acts by professional practitioners, environmental claims, latent exposures, fraud, coercion, forgery, failure to fulfill obligations per contract surety, liability from errors and omissions, losses from credit and political risk insurance ("CPRI") coverages, losses from derivative lawsuits, and other securities actions and covered perils.
•Mortality- Risk of loss from unexpected trends in insured deaths impacting timing of payouts from group life insurance, personal or commercial automobile related accidents, and death of employees or executives during the course of employment, while on disability, or while collecting workers compensation benefits.
•Morbidity- Risk of loss to an insured from illness incurred during the course of employment or illness from other covered perils.
•Disability- Risk of loss incurred from personal or commercial automobile related losses, accidents arising outside of the workplace, injuries or accidents incurred during the course of employment, or from equipment, with each loss resulting in short-term or long-term disability payments.
•Longevity- Risk of loss from increased life expectancy trends among policyholders receiving long-term benefit payments.
•Cyber Insurance- Risk of loss to property, breach of data and business interruption from various types of cyber-attacks.
Catastrophe risk primarily arises in the property, automobile, workers' compensation, casualty, group life, and group disability lines of business but could also arise from other coverages such as losses under PV&T and CPRI policies. Not all insurance losses arising from catastrophe risk are categorized as catastrophe losses within the segment operating results. For example, losses arising from the COVID-19 pandemic were not categorized as catastrophe losses within either the P&C or Group Benefits segments as the pandemic was not identified as a catastrophe event by the Property Claim Service in the U.S. See the term Current Accident Year Catastrophe Ratio within the Key Performance Measures section of MD&A for an explanation of how the Company defines catastrophe losses in its financial reporting.
Impact Non-catastrophe insurance risk can arise from unexpected loss experience, underpriced business and/or underestimation of loss reserves and can have significant effects on the Company’s earnings. Catastrophe insurance risk can arise from various unpredictable events and can have significant effects on the Company's earnings and may result in losses that could constrain its liquidity.
Management The Company's policies and procedures for managing these risks include disciplined underwriting protocols, exposure controls, sophisticated risk-based pricing, risk modeling, risk transfer, and capital management strategies. The Company has established underwriting guidelines for both individual risks, including individual policy limits, and risks in the aggregate, including aggregate exposure limits by geographic zone and peril. The Company uses both internal and third-party models to estimate the potential loss resulting from various catastrophe events and the potential financial impact those events would have on the Company's financial position and results of operations across its businesses.
The Hartford closely monitors scientific literature on climate change to help identify climate change risks impacting our business. We use data from the scientific community and other outside experts including partnerships with third-party catastrophe modeling firms to inform our risk management activities and stay abreast of potential implications of climate-related impacts that we incorporate into our risk assessment. We regularly study these climate change implications and incorporate these risks into our catastrophe risk assessment and management strategy through product pricing, underwriting and management of aggregate risk to manage implications of severe weather and climate change in our insurance portfolio.
In addition, certain insurance products offered by The Hartford provide coverage for losses incurred due to cyber events and the Company has assessed and modeled how those products would respond to different events in order to manage its aggregate exposure to losses incurred under the insurance policies we sell. The Company models numerous deterministic scenarios including losses caused by malware, data breach, distributed denial of service attacks, intrusions of cloud environments and attacks of power grids.
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Among specific risk tolerances set by the Company, risk limits are set for natural catastrophes, terrorism risk and pandemic risk.
Reinsurance as a Risk Management Strategy
The Company uses reinsurance to transfer certain risks to reinsurance companies based on specific geographic or risk concentrations. A variety of traditional reinsurance products are used as part of the Company's risk management strategy, including excess of loss occurrence-based products that reinsure property and workers' compensation exposures, and individual risk (including facultative reinsurance) or quota share arrangements that reinsure losses from specific classes or lines of business. The Company has no significant finite risk contracts in place and the statutory surplus benefit from all such prior year contracts is immaterial. The Hartford also participates in governmentally administered reinsurance facilities such as the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”), the Terrorism
Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (“TRIPRA") and other reinsurance programs relating to particular risks or specific lines of business.
Reinsurance for Catastrophes- The Company utilizes various reinsurance programs to mitigate catastrophe losses including excess of loss occurrence-based treaties covering property and workers’ compensation, a catastrophe bond, an aggregate property catastrophe treaty, and individual risk agreements (including facultative reinsurance) that reinsure losses from specific classes or lines of business. The occurrence property catastrophe treaty and workers’ compensation catastrophe treaties beginning with the January 1, 2021 renewal do not cover pandemic losses, as most industry reinsurance programs exclude communicable disease. The Company has reinsurance in place to cover individual group life losses in excess of $1 per person.
Primary Catastrophe Treaty Reinsurance Coverages as of March 31, 2024 [1]

| Portion of losses reinsured | Portion of losses retained by The Hartford
Per Occurrence Property Catastrophe Treaty from 1/1/2024 to 12/31/2024 [1] [2] |  |
Losses of $0 to $200 | None | 100% retained
Losses of $200 to $350 for earthquakes and named hurricanes and tropical storms [3] | None | 100% retained
Losses of $200 to $350 from one event other than earthquakes and named hurricanes and tropical storms [3] | 40% of $150 in excess of $200 | 60% co-participation
Losses of $350 to $500 from one event (all perils) | 75% of $150 in excess of $350 | 25% co-participation
Losses of $500 to $1.2 billion from one event [4] (all perils) | 90% of $700 in excess of $500 | 10% co-participation
Per Occurrence Property Catastrophe Bond from 1/1/2024 to 12/31/2026 [5] |  |
Losses of $1.1 billion to $1.4 billion for tropical cyclone and earthquake events [6] | 66.67% of $300 in excess of $1.1 billion | 33.33% of $300 in excess of $1.1 billion
Aggregate Property Catastrophe Treaty for 1/1/2024 to 12/31/2024 [7] |  |
$0 to $750 of aggregate losses | None | 100% Retained
$750 to $950 of aggregate losses | 100% | None
Workers' Compensation Catastrophe Treaty for 1/1/2024 to 12/31/2024 |  |
Losses of $0 to $100 from one event | None | 100% Retained
Losses of $100 to $450 from one event [8] | 80% of $350 in excess of $100 | 20% co-participation

[1]These agreements do not cover the assumed reinsurance business which purchases its own retrocessional coverage.
[2]In addition to the Per Occurrence Property Catastrophe Treaty, for Florida homeowners wind events, The Hartford has purchased the mandatory FHCF reinsurance for the annual period starting June 1, 2023, and will renew for the annual period starting June 1, 2024. Retention and coverage varies by writing company. For the 2023 - 2024 period, the writing company with the largest coverage under FHCF is Hartford Insurance Company of the Midwest, with coverage of $38 in per event losses in excess of a $20 retention (estimates are based on best available information at this time and are periodically updated as information is made available by Florida).
[3]Named hurricanes and tropical storms are defined as any storm or storm system declared to be a hurricane or tropical storm by the US National Hurricane Center, US Weather Prediction Center, or their successor organizations (being divisions of the US National Weather Service).
[4]Portions of this layer of coverage extend beyond a traditional one year term.
[5]For further information on the Company's catastrophe bond, see MD&A - Enterprise Risk Management, Insurance Risk included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual report.
[6]Tropical cyclones are defined as a storm or storm system that has been declared by National Weather Service or any division or agency thereof (including the National Hurricane Center or the Weather Prediction Center) or any of their successors to be a hurricane, tropical storm, or tropical depression.
[7]The aggregate treaty is not limited to a single event; rather, it is designed to provide reinsurance protection for the aggregate of all catastrophe events (up to $350 per event), either designated by the Property Claim Services office of Verisk or, for international business, net losses arising from two or more risks involved in the same loss occurrence totaling at least $500 thousand. All catastrophe losses, except assumed reinsurance business losses, apply toward satisfying the $750 attachment point under the aggregate treaty.
[8]In addition to the limits shown, the workers' compensation reinsurance includes a non-catastrophe, industrial accident layer, providing coverage for 80% of $25 in per event losses in excess of a $25 retention.
In addition to the property catastrophe reinsurance coverage described in the above table, the Company has other reinsurance agreements that cover property catastrophe losses,
some of which provide for reinstatement of limits in the event of a loss with reinstatement provisions varying depending on the layer of coverage. The Per Occurrence Property Catastrophe
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Treaty, and Workers' Compensation Catastrophe Treaty include a provision to reinstate one limit in the event that a catastrophe loss exhausts limits on one or more layers under the treaties.
Reinsurance for Terrorism- For the risk of terrorism, private sector catastrophe reinsurance capacity is generally limited and largely unavailable for terrorism losses caused by nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological attacks. As such, the Company's principal reinsurance protection against large-scale terrorist attacks is the coverage currently provided through TRIPRA to the end of 2027.
TRIPRA provides a backstop for insurance-related losses resulting from any “act of terrorism”, which is certified by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General, for losses that exceed a threshold of industry losses of $200. Under the program, in any one calendar year, the federal government will pay a percentage of losses incurred from a certified act of terrorism after an insurer's losses exceed 20% of the Company's eligible direct commercial earned premiums of the prior calendar year up to a combined annual aggregate limit for the federal government and all insurers of $100 billion. The percentage of losses paid by the federal government is 80%. The Company's estimated deductible under the program is $2.0 billion for 2024. If an act of terrorism or acts of terrorism result in covered losses exceeding the $100 billion annual industry aggregate limit, Congress would be responsible for determining how additional losses in excess of $100 billion will be paid.
Reinsurance for A&E and Navigators Group Reserve Development - The Company has two ADC reinsurance agreements in place, both of which are accounted for as retroactive reinsurance. One agreement covers substantially all A&E reserve development for 2016 and prior accident years (the “A&E ADC”) up to an aggregate limit of $1.5 billion and the other covered substantially all reserve development of Navigators Insurance Company and certain of its affiliates for 2018 and prior accident years (the “Navigators ADC”) up to an aggregate limit of $300, for which the Company had previously ceded the available limit. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had paid claims related to the Navigators ADC in excess of the $1.816 billion acquisition date reserves plus the $100 retention. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company began collecting recoveries from NICO and as a result amortized $24 of the $209 deferred gain within benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the deferred gain on the Navigators ADC was $185 and $209, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For more information on the A&E ADC and the Navigators ADC, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 11 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|FINANCIAL RISK
Financial risks include direct and indirect risks to the Company's financial objectives from events that impact financial market conditions and the value of financial assets. Some events may
cause correlated movement in multiple risk factors. The primary sources of financial risks are the Company's invested assets.
Consistent with its risk appetite, the Company establishes financial risk limits to control potential loss on a U.S. GAAP, statutory, and economic basis. Exposures are actively monitored and managed, with risks mitigated where appropriate. The Company uses various risk management strategies, including limiting aggregation of risk, portfolio re-balancing and hedging with over-the-counter ("OTC") and exchange-traded derivatives with counterparties meeting the appropriate regulatory and due diligence requirements. Derivatives may be used to achieve the following Company-approved objectives: (1) hedging risk arising from interest rate, equity market, commodity market, credit spread and issuer default, price or currency exchange rate risk or volatility; (2) managing liquidity; (3) controlling transaction costs; and (4) engaging in income generation covered call transactions and synthetic replication transactions. Derivative activities are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s compliance and risk management teams and reviewed by senior management. The Company identifies different categories of financial risk, including liquidity, credit, interest rate, equity, and foreign currency exchange.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk to current or prospective earnings or capital arising from the Company's inability or perceived inability to meet its contractual funding obligations as they come due.
Sources of Liquidity Risk Sources of liquidity risk include funding risk, company-specific liquidity risk and market liquidity risk resulting from differences in the amount and timing of sources and uses of cash as well as company-specific and general market conditions. Stressed market conditions may impact the ability to sell assets or otherwise transact business and may result in a significant loss in value of the investment portfolio.
Impact Inadequate capital resources and liquidity could negatively affect the Company’s overall financial strength and its ability to generate cash flows from its businesses, borrow funds at competitive rates, and raise new capital to meet operating and growth needs.
Management The Company has defined ongoing monitoring and reporting requirements to assess liquidity across the enterprise under both current and stressed market conditions. The Company measures and manages liquidity risk exposures and funding needs within prescribed limits across legal entities, taking into account legal, regulatory and operational limitations to the transferability of liquid assets among legal entities. The Company also monitors internal and external conditions, and identifies material risk changes and emerging risks that may impact operating cash flows or liquid assets. The liquidity requirements of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. ("HFSG Holding Company") have been and will continue to be met by the HFSG Holding Company's fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash, and dividends from its subsidiaries, principally from its insurance operations, as well as the issuance of common stock, debt or other capital securities and borrowings from its credit facilities, as needed. The Company maintains multiple sources of contingent liquidity including a revolving credit facility, an intercompany liquidity agreement that allows for short-term advances of funds among
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the HFSG Holding Company and certain affiliates, and access to collateralized advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLBB") for certain affiliates. The Company's CFO has primary responsibility for liquidity risk.
Credit Risk and Counterparty Risk
Credit risk is the risk to earnings or capital due to uncertainty of an obligor’s or counterparty’s ability or willingness to meet its obligations in accordance with contractually agreed upon terms. Credit risk is comprised of three major factors: the risk of change in credit quality, or credit migration risk; the risk of default; and the risk of a change in value due to changes in credit spreads.
Sources of Credit Risk The majority of the Company’s credit risk is concentrated in its investment holdings and use of derivatives, but it is also present in the Company’s ceded reinsurance activities and various insurance products.
Impact A decline in creditworthiness is typically reflected as an increase in an investment’s credit spread and an associated decline in the investment's fair value, potentially resulting in recording an ACL and an increased probability of a realized loss upon sale. In certain instances, counterparties may default on their obligations and the Company may realize a loss on default. Premiums receivable, including premiums for retrospectively rated plans, reinsurance recoverable and deductible losses recoverable are also subject to credit risk based on the counterparty’s inability to pay.
Management The objective of the Company’s enterprise credit risk management strategy is to identify, quantify and manage credit risk in aggregate and to limit potential losses in accordance with the Company's credit risk management policy. The Company manages its credit risk by managing aggregations of risk, holding a diversified mix of issuers and counterparties across its investment, reinsurance and insurance portfolios and limiting exposure to any specific reinsurer or counterparty. Potential credit losses can be mitigated through diversification (e.g., geographic regions, asset types, industry sectors), hedging and the use of collateral to reduce net credit exposure.
The Company manages credit risk through the use of various surveillance, analyses and governance processes. The investment and reinsurance areas have formal policies and procedures for counterparty approvals and authorizations, which establish criteria defining minimum levels of creditworthiness and financial stability for eligible counterparties. Potential investments are subject to underwriting reviews and private securities are subject to management approval. Mitigation strategies vary across the three sources of credit risk, but may include:
•Investing in a portfolio of high-quality and diverse securities;
•Selling investments subject to heightened credit risk;
•Hedging through use of credit default swaps;
•Clearing derivative transactions through central clearing houses that require daily variation margin;
•Entering into derivative and reinsurance contracts only with strong creditworthy institutions;
•Requiring collateral; and
•Non-renewing policies/contracts or reinsurance treaties.
The Company has developed credit exposure thresholds which are based upon counterparty ratings. Aggregate counterparty credit quality and exposure are monitored on a daily basis utilizing an enterprise-wide credit exposure information system that contains data on issuers, ratings, exposures, and credit limits. Exposures are tracked on a current and potential basis and aggregated by ultimate parent of the counterparty across investments, reinsurance receivables, insurance products with credit risk, and derivatives.
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had no investment exposure to any credit concentration risk of a single issuer or counterparty greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders' equity, other than the U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies. For further discussion of concentration of credit risk in the investment portfolio, see the Concentration of Credit Risk section in Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk of Derivatives
The Company uses various derivative counterparties in executing its derivative transactions. The use of counterparties creates credit risk that the counterparty may not perform in accordance with the terms of the derivative transaction.
Downgrades to the credit ratings of the Company’s insurance operating companies may have adverse implications for its use of derivatives. In some cases, downgrades may give derivative counterparties for OTC derivatives and clearing brokers for OTC-cleared derivatives the right to cancel and settle outstanding derivative trades or require additional collateral to be posted. In addition, downgrades may result in counterparties and clearing brokers becoming unwilling to engage in or clear additional derivatives or may require additional collateralization before entering into any new trades.
The Company also has derivative counterparty exposure policies which limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk. Credit exposures are generally quantified based on the prior business day’s net fair value, including income accruals, of all derivative positions transacted with a single counterparty for each separate legal entity. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and are not necessarily reflective of credit risk. The Company enters into collateral arrangements in connection with its derivatives positions and collateral is pledged to or held by, or on behalf of, the Company to the extent the exposure is greater than zero, subject to minimum transfer thresholds, if applicable. In accordance with industry standards and the contractual requirements, collateral is typically settled on the same business day. For further discussion, see the Derivative Commitments section of Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Use of Credit Derivatives
The Company may also use credit default swaps to manage credit exposure or to assume credit risk to enhance yield.
Credit Risk Reduced Through Credit Derivatives
The Company uses credit derivatives to purchase credit protection with respect to a single entity or referenced index. The Company purchases credit protection through credit default swaps to economically hedge and manage credit risk of certain fixed maturity investments across multiple sectors of the investment portfolio.
Credit Risk Assumed Through Credit Derivatives
The Company may also enter into credit default swaps that assume credit risk as part of replication transactions. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies. These swaps primarily reference investment grade single corporate issuers and indexes.
For further information on credit derivatives, see Note 6 - Derivatives of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk of Business Operations
The Company is subject to credit risk related to the Company's Commercial Lines business that is written with large deductible policies or retrospectively-rated plans (referred to as "loss sensitive business"). The Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected if a significant portion of such contract holders failed to reimburse the Company for the deductible amount or the retrospectively rated policyholders failed to pay additional premiums owed. While the Company attempts to manage the risks discussed above through underwriting, credit analysis, collateral requirements, provision for bad debt, and other oversight mechanisms, the Company’s efforts may not be successful.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of financial loss due to adverse changes in the value of assets and liabilities arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk encompasses exposures with respect to changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of the term structure of rates and the volatility of interest rates. Interest rate risk does not include exposure to changes in credit spreads.
Sources of Interest Rate Risk The Company has exposure to interest rate risk arising from investments in fixed maturities and commercial mortgage loans, issuances by the Company of debt securities, preferred stock and similar securities, discount rate assumptions associated with the Company’s claim reserves and pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, and assets that support the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
Impact Changes in interest rates from current levels can have both favorable and unfavorable effects for the Company.
Management The Company primarily manages its exposure to interest rate risk by constructing investment portfolios that seek to protect the Company from the economic impact
associated with changes in interest rates by setting portfolio duration targets that are aligned with the duration of the liabilities that they support. The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models including parametric models and cash flow simulation under various market scenarios of the liabilities and their supporting investment portfolios. Key metrics that the Company uses to quantify its exposure to interest rate risk inherent in its invested assets and the associated liabilities include duration, convexity and key rate duration.
The Company may also use interest rate swaps and, to a lesser extent, futures to mitigate interest rate risk associated with its investment portfolio or liabilities and to manage portfolio duration.
Equity Risk
Equity risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the value of global equities or equity indices.
Sources of Equity Risk The Company has exposure to equity risk from invested assets, assets that support the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans, and fee income derived from Hartford Funds AUM.
Impact The investment portfolio is exposed to losses from market declines affecting equity securities and derivatives, which could negatively impact the Company's reported earnings. In addition, investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments generally have a level of correlation to domestic equity market levels and can expose the Company to losses in earnings if valuations decline; however, earnings impacts are recognized on a lag as results from private equity investments and other funds are generally reported on a three-month delay. For assets supporting pension and other postretirement benefit plans, the Company may be required to make additional plan contributions if equity investments in the plan portfolios decline in value. Hartford Funds earnings are also significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets. Generally, declines in equity markets will reduce the value of average daily AUM and the amount of fee income generated from those assets. Increases in equity markets will generally have the inverse impact.
Management The Company uses various approaches in managing its equity exposure, including limits on the proportion of assets invested in equities, diversification of the equity portfolio, and, at times, hedging of changes in equity indices. For assets supporting pension and other postretirement benefit plans, the asset allocation mix is reviewed on a periodic basis. In order to minimize risk, the pension plans maintain a listing of permissible and prohibited investments and impose concentration limits and investment quality requirements on permissible investment options.
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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Foreign currency exchange risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the relative value between currencies.
Sources of Currency Risk The Company has foreign currency exchange risk in non-U.S. dollar denominated cash, fixed maturities, equities, and derivative instruments. In addition, the Company has non-U.S. subsidiaries, some with functional currencies other than U.S. dollar, and which transact business in multiple currencies resulting in assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
Impact Changes in relative values between currencies can create variability in cash flows and realized or unrealized gains and losses on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities.
Management The Company manages its foreign currency exchange risk primarily through asset-liability matching and through the use of derivative instruments. However, legal entity
capital is invested in local currencies in order to satisfy regulatory requirements and to support local insurance operations. The foreign currency exposure of non-U.S. dollar denominated investments will most commonly be reduced through the sale of the assets or through hedges using foreign currency swaps and forwards.
Investment Portfolio Risk
The following table presents the Company’s fixed maturities, AFS, by credit quality. The credit ratings referenced throughout this section are based on availability and are generally the midpoint of the available ratings among Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used. Accrued investment income related to fixed maturities is not included in the amortized cost or fair value of the fixed maturities. For further information refer to Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fixed Maturities, AFS by Credit Quality
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value
United States Government/Government agencies | $ | 5,330 |  | $ | 4,846 |  | 11.9 | % |  | $ | 5,174 |  | $ | 4,776 |  | 12.0 | %
AAA | 7,061 |  | 6,838 |  | 16.7 | % |  | 7,277 |  | 7,055 |  | 17.7 | %
AA | 7,872 |  | 7,578 |  | 18.5 | % |  | 7,527 |  | 7,270 |  | 18.3 | %
A | 10,981 |  | 10,488 |  | 25.7 | % |  | 10,253 |  | 9,828 |  | 24.7 | %
BBB | 9,805 |  | 9,264 |  | 22.7 | % |  | 9,710 |  | 9,198 |  | 23.1 | %
BB & below | 1,897 |  | 1,826 |  | 4.5 | % |  | 1,785 |  | 1,691 |  | 4.2 | %
Total fixed maturities, AFS | $ | 42,946 |  | $ | 40,840 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 41,726 |  | $ | 39,818 |  | 100.0 | %

The fair value of fixed maturities, AFS increased as compared to December 31, 2023, primarily due to net additions of corporate bonds, partially offset by a decrease in valuations due to higher interest rates, net of tighter credit spreads. FVO securities are
not included in the preceding table. For further discussion on FVO securities, see Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Fixed Maturities, AFS by Type
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | ACL | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | ACL | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Percent of Total Fair Value
ABS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer loans | $ | 2,549 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 9 |  | $ | (17) |  | $ | 2,541 |  | 6.2 | % |  | $ | 2,414 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | (18) |  | $ | 2,406 |  | 6.0 | %
Other | 978 |  | — |  | 6 |  | (26) |  | 958 |  | 2.3 | % |  | 933 |  | — |  | 8 |  | (27) |  | 914 |  | 2.3 | %
CLO | 3,168 |  | — |  | 5 |  | (5) |  | 3,168 |  | 7.8 | % |  | 3,104 |  | — |  | 3 |  | (17) |  | 3,090 |  | 7.8 | %
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities ("CMBS") |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency [1] | 1,191 |  | (12) |  | 15 |  | (124) |  | 1,070 |  | 2.6 | % |  | 1,179 |  | (12) |  | 14 |  | (119) |  | 1,062 |  | 2.7 | %
Bonds | 2,029 |  | — |  | — |  | (171) |  | 1,858 |  | 4.5 | % |  | 2,150 |  | — |  | — |  | (219) |  | 1,931 |  | 4.8 | %
Interest only | 125 |  | — |  | 5 |  | (8) |  | 122 |  | 0.3 | % |  | 137 |  | — |  | 5 |  | (10) |  | 132 |  | 0.3 | %
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic industry | 1,045 |  | — |  | 6 |  | (44) |  | 1,007 |  | 2.5 | % |  | 967 |  | — |  | 7 |  | (39) |  | 935 |  | 2.3 | %
Capital goods | 1,651 |  | — |  | 14 |  | (76) |  | 1,589 |  | 3.9 | % |  | 1,630 |  | — |  | 19 |  | (67) |  | 1,582 |  | 4.0 | %
Consumer cyclical | 1,416 |  | — |  | 14 |  | (55) |  | 1,375 |  | 3.4 | % |  | 1,331 |  | (4) |  | 20 |  | (55) |  | 1,292 |  | 3.2 | %
Consumer non-cyclical | 2,359 |  | — |  | 19 |  | (139) |  | 2,239 |  | 5.5 | % |  | 2,232 |  | — |  | 27 |  | (123) |  | 2,136 |  | 5.4 | %
Energy | 1,381 |  | — |  | 11 |  | (59) |  | 1,333 |  | 3.2 | % |  | 1,261 |  | — |  | 13 |  | (57) |  | 1,217 |  | 3.1 | %
Financial services | 5,608 |  | — |  | 24 |  | (282) |  | 5,350 |  | 13.1 | % |  | 5,434 |  | — |  | 30 |  | (283) |  | 5,181 |  | 13.0 | %
Tech./comm. | 2,567 |  | (3) |  | 33 |  | (161) |  | 2,436 |  | 6.0 | % |  | 2,470 |  | (2) |  | 47 |  | (143) |  | 2,372 |  | 6.0 | %
Transportation | 850 |  | — |  | 6 |  | (62) |  | 794 |  | 1.9 | % |  | 803 |  | — |  | 8 |  | (60) |  | 751 |  | 1.9 | %
Utilities | 2,325 |  | (3) |  | 16 |  | (166) |  | 2,172 |  | 5.3 | % |  | 2,155 |  | (3) |  | 25 |  | (148) |  | 2,029 |  | 5.1 | %
Other | 396 |  | — |  | 1 |  | (35) |  | 362 |  | 0.9 | % |  | 408 |  | — |  | 1 |  | (38) |  | 371 |  | 0.9 | %
Foreign govt./govt. agencies | 574 |  | — |  | 4 |  | (30) |  | 548 |  | 1.3 | % |  | 583 |  | — |  | 6 |  | (27) |  | 562 |  | 1.4 | %
Municipal bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 1,238 |  | — |  | 5 |  | (115) |  | 1,128 |  | 2.8 | % |  | 1,211 |  | — |  | 7 |  | (113) |  | 1,105 |  | 2.8 | %
Tax-exempt | 4,937 |  | — |  | 96 |  | (220) |  | 4,813 |  | 11.8 | % |  | 4,996 |  | — |  | 124 |  | (186) |  | 4,934 |  | 12.4 | %
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities ("RMBS") |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency | 2,469 |  | — |  | 8 |  | (205) |  | 2,272 |  | 5.6 | % |  | 2,342 |  | — |  | 14 |  | (171) |  | 2,185 |  | 5.5 | %
Non-agency | 2,386 |  | — |  | 2 |  | (221) |  | 2,167 |  | 5.3 | % |  | 2,293 |  | — |  | 4 |  | (235) |  | 2,062 |  | 5.2 | %
Sub-prime | 34 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 34 |  | 0.1 | % |  | 40 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 40 |  | 0.1 | %
U.S. Treasuries | 1,670 |  | — |  | 12 |  | (178) |  | 1,504 |  | 3.7 | % |  | 1,653 |  | — |  | 26 |  | (150) |  | 1,529 |  | 3.8 | %
Total fixed maturities, AFS | $ | 42,946 |  | $ | (18) |  | $ | 311 |  | $ | (2,399) |  | $ | 40,840 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 41,726 |  | $ | (21) |  | $ | 418 |  | $ | (2,305) |  | $ | 39,818 |  | 100.0 | %
FVO securities |  |  |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 327 |  |

[1]Includes securities with pools of loans issued by the Small Business Administration which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
The fair value of fixed maturities, AFS increased as compared to December 31, 2023, primarily due to net additions of corporate bonds, partially offset by a decrease in valuations due to higher interest rates, net of tighter credit spreads. The Company primarily increased holdings of financial services, utilities, consumer non-cyclical, and energy corporate bonds.
Commercial & Residential Real Estate
The following tables present the Company’s exposure to CMBS and RMBS by credit quality included in the preceding Fixed Maturities, AFS by Type table.
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Exposure to CMBS & RMBS Bonds as of March 31, 2024
| AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB and Below | Total
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
CMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency [1] | $ | 18 |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 1,173 |  | $ | 1,053 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,191 |  | $ | 1,070 |
Bonds | 770 |  | 720 |  | 498 |  | 451 |  | 333 |  | 296 |  | 190 |  | 165 |  | 238 |  | 226 |  | 2,029 |  | 1,858 |
Interest Only | 68 |  | 66 |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 125 |  | 122 |
Total CMBS | 856 |  | 803 |  | 1,721 |  | 1,554 |  | 333 |  | 296 |  | 196 |  | 170 |  | 239 |  | 227 |  | 3,345 |  | 3,050 |
RMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency | — |  | — |  | 2,469 |  | 2,272 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,469 |  | 2,272 |
Non-Agency | 1,245 |  | 1,131 |  | 705 |  | 647 |  | 235 |  | 209 |  | 186 |  | 168 |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 2,386 |  | 2,167 |
Sub-Prime | 1 |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 10 |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | 34 |  | 34 |
Total RMBS | 1,246 |  | 1,132 |  | 3,184 |  | 2,929 |  | 238 |  | 212 |  | 195 |  | 177 |  | 26 |  | 23 |  | 4,889 |  | 4,473 |
Total CMBS & RMBS | $ | 2,102 |  | $ | 1,935 |  | $ | 4,905 |  | $ | 4,483 |  | $ | 571 |  | $ | 508 |  | $ | 391 |  | $ | 347 |  | $ | 265 |  | $ | 250 |  | $ | 8,234 |  | $ | 7,523 |

Exposure to CMBS & RMBS Bonds as of December 31, 2023
| AAA | AA | A | BBB | BB and Below | Total
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
CMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency [1] | $ | 20 |  | $ | 19 |  | $ | 1,159 |  | $ | 1,043 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,179 |  | $ | 1,062 |
Bonds | 852 |  | 795 |  | 545 |  | 485 |  | 371 |  | 317 |  | 147 |  | 119 |  | 235 |  | 215 |  | 2,150 |  | 1,931 |
Interest Only | 76 |  | 72 |  | 54 |  | 53 |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | 137 |  | 132 |
Total CMBS | 948 |  | 886 |  | 1,758 |  | 1,581 |  | 371 |  | 317 |  | 154 |  | 126 |  | 235 |  | 215 |  | 3,466 |  | 3,125 |
RMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency | — |  | — |  | 2,342 |  | 2,185 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,342 |  | 2,185 |
Non-Agency | 1,263 |  | 1,144 |  | 526 |  | 477 |  | 300 |  | 260 |  | 189 |  | 169 |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 2,293 |  | 2,062 |
Sub-Prime | 1 |  | 1 |  | 12 |  | 12 |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 10 |  | 10 |  | 12 |  | 12 |  | 40 |  | 40 |
Total RMBS | 1,264 |  | 1,145 |  | 2,880 |  | 2,674 |  | 305 |  | 265 |  | 199 |  | 179 |  | 27 |  | 24 |  | 4,675 |  | 4,287 |
Total CMBS & RMBS | $ | 2,212 |  | $ | 2,031 |  | $ | 4,638 |  | $ | 4,255 |  | $ | 676 |  | $ | 582 |  | $ | 353 |  | $ | 305 |  | $ | 262 |  | $ | 239 |  | $ | 8,141 |  | $ | 7,412 |

[1]Includes securities with pools of loans issued by the Small Business Administration which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
The Company also has exposure to commercial mortgage loans. These loans are collateralized by real estate properties that are diversified both geographically throughout the United States and by property type. These commercial loans are originated by the Company as high quality whole loans, and the Company may sell participation interests in one or more loans to third parties. A loan participation interest represents a pro-rata share in interest and principal payments generated by the participated loan, and the relationship between the Company as loan originator, lead participant and servicer and the third party as a participant are governed by a participation agreement.
As of March 31, 2024, mortgage loans had an amortized cost of $6.2 billion and carrying value of $6.2 billion, with an ACL of $48. As of December 31, 2023, mortgage loans had an amortized cost of $6.1 billion and carrying value of $6.1 billion, with an ACL of $51. The release in the allowance reflects
improved economic scenario forecasts and property specific reductions, partially offset by net additions of new loans.
The Company funded $146 of commercial mortgage loans with a weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of 60% and a weighted average yield of 6.9% during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company continues to originate commercial mortgage loans on institutional-quality industrial properties with strong LTV ratios. There were no mortgage loans held for sale as of March 31, 2024, or December 31, 2023.
Municipal Bonds
The following table presents the Company's exposure to municipal bonds by type and weighted average credit quality included in the preceding Securities by Type table.
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Available For Sale Investments in Municipal Bonds
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Weighted Average Credit Quality |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Weighted Average Credit Quality
General Obligation | $ | 851 |  | $ | 847 |  | AA |  | $ | 807 |  | $ | 814 |  | AA
Pre-refunded [1] | 195 |  | 197 |  | AA+ |  | 155 |  | 158 |  | AA+
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transportation | 1,281 |  | 1,239 |  | A+ |  | 1,325 |  | 1,298 |  | A+
Health Care | 946 |  | 868 |  | A+ |  | 974 |  | 902 |  | A+
Leasing [2] | 726 |  | 692 |  | AA- |  | 761 |  | 732 |  | AA-
Education | 497 |  | 483 |  | AA |  | 527 |  | 520 |  | AA
Water & Sewer | 392 |  | 372 |  | AA |  | 362 |  | 347 |  | AA+
Power | 275 |  | 268 |  | A |  | 275 |  | 271 |  | A
Sales Tax | 201 |  | 201 |  | AA |  | 231 |  | 237 |  | AA
Housing | 191 |  | 182 |  | AA |  | 179 |  | 172 |  | AA
Other | 620 |  | 592 |  | A+ |  | 611 |  | 588 |  | A+
Total Revenue | 5,129 |  | 4,897 |  | AA- |  | 5,245 |  | 5,067 |  | AA-
Total Municipal | $ | 6,175 |  | $ | 5,941 |  | AA- |  | $ | 6,207 |  | $ | 6,039 |  | AA-

[1]Pre-refunded bonds are bonds for which an irrevocable trust containing sufficient U.S. treasury, agency, or other securities has been established to fund the remaining payments of principal and interest.
[2]Leasing revenue bonds are generally the obligations of a financing authority established by the municipality that leases facilities back to a municipality. The notes are typically secured by lease payments made by the municipality that is leasing the facilities financed by the issue. Lease payments may be subject to annual appropriation by the municipality, or the municipality may be obligated to appropriate general tax revenues to make lease payments.
As of March 31, 2024, the largest issuer concentrations were the New York City Transitional Finance Authority, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and CommonSpirit Health, which each comprised less than 3% of the municipal bond portfolio and were primarily comprised of general obligation and revenue bonds. As of December 31, 2023, the largest issuer concentrations were the New York City Transitional Finance Authority, the State of Illinois, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which each comprised less than 3% of the municipal bond portfolio and were primarily comprised of general obligation and revenue bonds. In total, municipal bonds make up 11% of the fair value of the Company's investment portfolio.
Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments
The following table presents the Company’s investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments which include real estate joint ventures, real estate funds, private equity funds, other funds, and other alternative investments. Private equity funds primarily consist of investments in funds whose assets typically consist of a diversified pool of investments in small to mid-sized non-public businesses with high growth potential and strong owner sponsorship, as well as limited exposure to public markets.
Income or losses on investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments are recognized on a lag as results from private equity investments and other funds are generally reported on a three-month delay.

Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments - Net Investment Income
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Amount | Yield [1] |  | Amount | Yield [1]
Real estate joint ventures and funds |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (32) |  | (6.4 | %) |  | $ | (16) |  | (3.6 | %)
Private equity funds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  | 4.3 | % |  | 36 |  | 9.2 | %
Other funds |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 12.9 | % |  | — |  | — | %
Other alternative investments [2] |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 8.9 | % |  | 6 |  | 5.0 | %
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |  | 1.3 | % |  | $ | 26 |  | 2.5 | %

[1]Yields calculated using annualized net investment income divided by the monthly average invested assets.
[2]Consists of an insurer-owned life insurance policy which is primarily invested in private equity funds and fixed income.
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Investments in Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amount | Percent |  | Amount | Percent
Real estate joint ventures and funds | $ | 1,947 |  | 40.0 | % |  | $ | 1,931 |  | 40.4 | %
Private equity funds | 1,880 |  | 38.6 | % |  | 1,838 |  | 38.4 | %
Other funds | 509 |  | 10.5 | % |  | 498 |  | 10.4 | %
Other alternative investments [1] | 530 |  | 10.9 | % |  | 518 |  | 10.8 | %
Total | $ | 4,866 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,785 |  | 100.0 | %

[1]Consists of an insurer-owned life insurance policy which is primarily invested in private equity funds and fixed income.
Fixed Maturities, AFS — Unrealized Loss Aging
The total gross unrealized losses were $2.4 billion as of March 31, 2024, and have increased $94 million from December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher interest rates, partially offset by tighter credit spreads. As of March 31, 2024, $2.0 billion of the gross unrealized losses were associated with fixed maturities, AFS depressed less than 20% of amortized cost. The remaining $413 million of gross unrealized losses were associated with fixed maturities, AFS depressed greater than 20%. The fixed maturities, AFS depressed more than 20% primarily related to corporate fixed maturities, municipal bonds, and RMBS that are mainly depressed because current interest rates are higher and/or market spreads are wider than at the respective purchase dates.
As part of the Company’s ongoing investment monitoring process, the Company has reviewed its fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position and concluded that these fixed maturities are temporarily depressed and are expected to recover in value as the investments approach maturity or as market spreads tighten. For these fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position where an ACL has not been recorded, the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows are sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of the investment. Furthermore, the Company neither has an intention to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell these investments. For further information regarding the Company’s ACL analysis, see the Credit Losses on Fixed Maturities, AFS and Intent-to-Sell Impairments section below.

Unrealized Loss Aging for Fixed Maturities, AFS Securities
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Consecutive Months | Items | Amortized Cost | ACL | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value |  | Items | Amortized Cost | ACL | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value
Three months or less | 530 |  | $ | 4,525 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (40) |  | $ | 4,485 |  |  | 51 |  | $ | 440 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (4) |  | $ | 436 |
Greater than three to six months | 17 |  | 165 |  | — |  | (6) |  | 159 |  |  | 35 |  | 143 |  | — |  | (2) |  | 141 |
Greater than six to nine months | 20 |  | 76 |  | — |  | (2) |  | 74 |  |  | 137 |  | 1,117 |  | — |  | (13) |  | 1,104 |
Greater than nine to eleven months | 113 |  | 913 |  | — |  | (18) |  | 895 |  |  | 97 |  | 738 |  | — |  | (22) |  | 716 |
Twelve months or more | 3,322 |  | 24,995 |  | (15) |  | (2,333) |  | 22,647 |  |  | 3,530 |  | 27,448 |  | (14) |  | (2,264) |  | 25,170 |
Total | 4,002 |  | $ | 30,674 |  | $ | (15) |  | $ | (2,399) |  | $ | 28,260 |  |  | 3,850 |  | $ | 29,886 |  | $ | (14) |  | $ | (2,305) |  | $ | 27,567 |

Unrealized Loss Aging for Fixed Maturities, AFS Continuously Depressed Over 20%
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Consecutive Months | Items | Amortized Cost | ACL | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value |  | Items | Amortized Cost | ACL | Unrealized Loss | Fair Value
Three months or less | 52 |  | $ | 331 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (70) |  | $ | 261 |  |  | 14 |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | (1) |  | $ | (13) |  | $ | 42 |
Greater than three to six months | 5 |  | 7 |  | (1) |  | (2) |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |  | 19 |  | (2) |  | (4) |  | 13 |
Greater than six to nine months | 8 |  | 10 |  | — |  | (2) |  | 8 |  |  | 31 |  | 148 |  | — |  | (33) |  | 115 |
Greater than nine to eleven months | 21 |  | 112 |  | — |  | (25) |  | 87 |  |  | 22 |  | 163 |  | — |  | (40) |  | 123 |
Twelve months or more | 127 |  | 1,114 |  | — |  | (314) |  | 800 |  |  | 143 |  | 1,216 |  | — |  | (327) |  | 889 |
Total | 213 |  | $ | 1,574 |  | $ | (1) |  | $ | (413) |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | 220 |  | $ | 1,602 |  | $ | (3) |  | $ | (417) |  | $ | 1,182 |

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Credit Losses on Fixed Maturities, AFS and Intent-to-Sell Impairments
Three months ended March 31, 2024
The Company recorded net credit losses of $1 primarily attributable to one below investment grade corporate issuer that had an ACL in prior periods. Unrealized losses on securities with an ACL recognized in other comprehensive income ("OCI") were $0. For further information, refer to Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
There were no intent-to-sell impairments.
The Company incorporates its best estimate of future performance using internal assumptions and judgments that are informed by economic and industry specific trends, as well as our expectations with respect to security specific developments.
Future intent-to-sell impairments or credit losses may develop as the result of changes in our intent to sell specific securities that are in an unrealized loss position or if modeling assumptions, such as macroeconomic factors or security specific developments, change unfavorably from our current modeling assumptions, resulting in lower cash flow expectations.
Three months ended March 31, 2023
The Company recorded net credit losses of $5, primarily attributable to new expected credit losses of $4 on a below investment grade corporate wirelines issuer and $1 related to a CMBS driven by prepayments. Unrealized losses on securities with an ACL recognized in other comprehensive income were $4.
There were no intent-to-sell impairments.
ACL on Mortgage Loans
Three months ended March 31, 2024
The Company reviews mortgage loans on a quarterly basis to estimate the ACL with changes in the ACL recorded in net realized gains and losses. Apart from an ACL recorded on individual mortgage loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company records an ACL on the pool of mortgage loans based on lifetime expected credit losses. For further information, refer to Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a release in the ACL on mortgage loans of $3. The release reflects improved economic scenario forecasts and property specific reductions, partially offset by net additions of new loans. The Company did not record an ACL on any individual mortgage loans.
Three months ended March 31, 2023
There was no change to the ACL on mortgage loans which incorporated a level of economic uncertainty and the potential impact on real estate property valuations. The Company did not record an ACL on any individual mortgage loans.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
The following section discusses the overall financial strength of The Hartford and its insurance operations including their ability to generate cash flows from each of their business segments, borrow funds at competitive rates and raise new capital to meet operating and growth needs.

|SUMMARY OF CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Capital available to the holding company as of March 31, 2024:
•Approximately $1.0 billion in fixed maturities, short-term investments, investment sales receivable and cash at the HFSG Holding Company;
•A senior unsecured revolving credit facility that provides for borrowing capacity up to $750 of unsecured credit through October 27, 2026. As of March 31, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding; and
•An intercompany liquidity agreement that allows for short-term advances of funds among the HFSG Holding Company and certain affiliates of up to $2.0 billion for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2024, $1.9 billion was available, $105 was outstanding between certain affiliates and there were no amounts outstanding at the HFSG holding company.

Dividends and other sources of capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
The future payment of dividends from our subsidiaries is dependent on several factors including the business results, capital position and liquidity of our subsidiaries.
•P&C - HFSG Holding Company received $153 of net dividends from the Company's property and casualty insurance subsidiaries through March 31, 2024;
•Group Benefits - HFSG Holding Company received $245 in dividends from Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company ("HLA") through March 31, 2024; and
•Hartford Funds - HFSG Holding Company received $31 in dividends from Hartford Funds through March 31, 2024.

Expected liquidity requirements for the next twelve months as of March 31, 2024:
•$194 of interest on debt. See Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
•$21 dividends on preferred stock, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors; and
•$560 of common stockholders' dividends, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and before share repurchases.

Expected liquidity requirements for beyond the next twelve months as of March 31, 2024:
•Interest on and repayments of debt. See Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report; and
•Preferred stock and common stock dividends, subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.

Equity repurchase program:
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 3.8 million common shares for $350 under the $3.0 billion share repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors, effective through December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has $1.0 billion remaining for equity repurchases under the share repurchase program. During the period April 1, 2024 through April 24, 2024, the Company repurchased approximately 1.1 million common shares for $113.
The timing of any repurchases is dependent on several factors, including the market price of the Company's securities, the Company's capital position, consideration of the effect of any repurchases on the Company's financial strength or credit ratings, the Company's blackout periods, and other considerations.

|LIQUIDITY REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES OF CAPITAL
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. ("HFSG Holding Company")
The liquidity requirements of HFSG Holding Company will primarily be met by HFSG Holding Company's fixed maturities, short-term investments and cash, and dividends from its subsidiaries, principally its insurance operations. The Company maintains sufficient liquidity and has a variety of contingent liquidity resources to manage liquidity across a range of economic scenarios.
The HFSG Holding Company expects to continue to receive dividends from its operating subsidiaries in the future and manages capital in its operating subsidiaries to be sufficient under significant economic stress scenarios. Dividends from subsidiaries and other sources of funds at the holding company may be used to repurchase shares under the authorized share repurchase program at the discretion of management.
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Under significant economic stress scenarios, the Company has the ability to meet short-term cash requirements, if needed, by borrowing under its revolving credit facility or by having its insurance subsidiaries take collateralized advances under a facility with the FHLBB. The Company could also choose to have its insurance subsidiaries sell certain highly liquid, high quality fixed maturities or the Company could issue debt in the public markets under its shelf registration.
|DIVIDENDS
The Hartford's Board of Directors declared the following quarterly dividends since January 1, 2024:
Common Stock Dividends

Declared | Record | Payable | Amount per share
February 21, 2024 | March 4, 2024 | April 2, 2024 | $ | 0.470 |

Preferred Stock Dividends

Declared | Record | Payable | Amount per share |  |
February 21, 2024 | May 1, 2024 | May 15, 2024 | $ | 375.00 |  |  |

There are no current restrictions on the HFSG Holding Company's ability to pay dividends to its stockholders.
For a discussion of restrictions on dividends to the HFSG Holding Company from its insurance subsidiaries, see the following "Dividends from Subsidiaries" discussion. For a discussion of potential restrictions on the HFSG Holding Company's ability to pay dividends, see the risk factor "Our ability to declare and pay dividends is subject to limitations" in Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
|DIVIDENDS FROM SUBSIDIARIES
Dividends to HFSG Holding Company from its insurance subsidiaries are restricted by insurance regulation. For a discussion of restrictions on dividends to HFSG Holding Company from its insurance subsidiaries see Part II, Item 7, MD&A – Capital Resources and Liquidity - Dividends from Subsidiaries in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Through the first three months of 2024, HFSG Holding Company received $429 of net dividends from its subsidiaries, including $245 from HLA, $31 from Hartford Funds and $153 from its P&C subsidiaries, excluding $12 of P&C dividends related to interest payments on an intercompany note owed by Hartford Holdings, Inc. ("HHI") to Hartford Fire Insurance Company.
|OTHER SOURCES OF CAPITAL FOR THE HFSG HOLDING COMPANY
The Hartford endeavors to maintain a capital structure that provides financial and operational flexibility to its insurance subsidiaries, ratings that support its competitive position in the financial services marketplace (see the "Ratings" section below for further discussion), and stockholder returns. As a result, the Company may from time to time raise capital from the issuance of debt, common equity, preferred stock, equity-related debt or other capital securities and is continuously evaluating strategic opportunities. The issuance of debt, common equity, equity-related debt or other capital securities could result in the dilution of stockholder interests or reduced net income to common stockholders due to additional interest expense or preferred stock dividends.
Shelf Registrations
The Hartford filed an automatic shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2022 that permits it to offer and sell debt and equity securities during the three-year life of the registration statement.
For further information regarding shelf registrations, Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Revolving Credit Facility
The Hartford has a senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility") that provides up to $750 of unsecured credit through October 27, 2026. As of March 31, 2024, no borrowings were outstanding and no letters of credit were issued under the Credit Facility and The Hartford was in compliance with all financial covenants. For further information regarding the Credit Facility, see Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Intercompany Liquidity Agreements
The Company has $2.0 billion available under an intercompany liquidity agreement that allows for short-term advances of funds among the HFSG Holding Company and certain affiliates of up to $2.0 billion for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. The Connecticut Department of Insurance ("CTDOI") granted approval for certain affiliated insurance companies that are parties to the agreement to treat receivables from a parent, including the HFSG Holding Company, as admitted assets for statutory accounting purposes.
As of March 31, 2024, $1.9 billion was available, $105 was outstanding between certain affiliates, and there were no amounts outstanding at the HFSG Holding Company.
Collateralized Advances with Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
The Company’s subsidiaries, Hartford Fire Insurance Company (“Hartford Fire”) and HLA, are members of the FHLBB. Membership allows these subsidiaries access to collateralized advances, which may be short- or long-term with fixed or
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variable rates. Advances may be used to support general corporate purposes, which would be presented as short- or long-term debt, or to earn incremental investment income, which would be presented in other liabilities consistent with other collateralized financing transactions. As of March 31, 2024, there were no advances outstanding.
For further information regarding collateralized advances with FHLBB, see Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Lloyd's Letter of Credit Facility
The Hartford has a committed credit facility agreement with a syndicate of lenders (the "Lloyd's Facility"). The Lloyd's Facility has two tranches with one tranche extending a $74 commitment and the other tranche extending a £73 million ($92 as of March 31, 2024) commitment. As of March 31, 2024, letters of credit with an aggregate face amount of $74 and £73 million, or $92, were outstanding under the Lloyd's Facility.
Among other covenants, the Lloyd's Facility contains financial covenants regarding The Hartford's consolidated net worth and financial leverage and that limit the amount of letters of credit that can support Funds at Lloyd's, consistent with Lloyd's requirements. As of March 31, 2024, The Hartford was in compliance with all financial covenants of the facility.
For further information regarding the Lloyd's Facility, see Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company does not have a 2024 required minimum funding contribution for the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan and the funding requirements for all pension plans are expected to be immaterial. Based on the funded status of the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan, the Company does not anticipate contributing to the plan in 2024. For further discussion of pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, see Note 16 - Employee Benefit Plans of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
|DERIVATIVE COMMITMENTS
Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings, as set by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies, of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could terminate agreements and demand immediate settlement of the outstanding net derivative positions transacted under each agreement. For further information, refer to Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of March 31, 2024, no derivative positions would be subject to immediate termination in the event of a downgrade of one level below the current financial strength ratings. This could change as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the
extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated.
|INSURANCE OPERATIONS
While subject to variability period to period, underwriting and investment cash flows continue to provide sufficient liquidity to meet anticipated demands.
The principal sources of operating funds are premiums, fees earned from insurance and administrative service agreements and investment income, while investing cash flows primarily originate from maturities and sales of invested assets.
The Company’s insurance operations consist of property and casualty insurance products (collectively referred to as “Property & Casualty Operations”) and Group Benefits products.
The Company's insurance operations hold fixed maturity securities, including a significant short-term investment position (securities with maturities of one year or less at the time of purchase), to meet liquidity needs. Liquidity requirements that are unable to be funded by the Company's insurance operations' short-term investments would be satisfied with current operating funds, including premiums or investing cash flows, which includes proceeds received through the sale of invested assets. A sale of invested assets could result in significant realized losses.
The following tables represent the fixed maturity holdings, including the aforementioned cash and short-term investments available to meet liquidity needs, for each of the Company’s insurance operations.

Property & Casualty Operations
| As of March 31, 2024
Fixed maturities | $ | 32,697 |
Short-term investments | 1,591 |
Cash | 188 |
Less: Derivative collateral | 55 |
Total | $ | 34,421 |

Property & Casualty operations invested assets also include $344 in equity securities, $4.6 billion in mortgage loans and $3.8 billion in limited partnerships and other alternative investments.

Group Benefits
| As of March 31, 2024
Fixed maturities | $ | 8,251 |
Short-term investments | 104 |
Cash | 43 |
Less: Derivative collateral | 13 |
Total | $ | 8,385 |

Group Benefits invested assets also include $74 in equity securities, $1.6 billion in mortgage loans and $1.0 billion in limited partnerships and other alternative investments.
The primary uses of funds are to pay claims, claim adjustment expenses, commissions and other underwriting and insurance operating costs, to pay taxes, to purchase new investments and to make dividend payments to the HFSG Holding Company.
Property & Casualty reserves for unpaid losses and loss
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adjustment expenses as of March 31, 2024 were $34.5 billion and net of reinsurance were $27.9 billion. Reserves for Property & Casualty unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses include case reserves and incurred but not reported ("IBNR") reserves. The ultimate amount to be paid to settle both case and IBNR reserves is an estimate, subject to significant uncertainty. The actual amount to be paid is not finally determined until the Company reaches a settlement with the claimant. Final claim settlements may vary significantly from the present estimates, particularly since many claims will not be settled until well into the future. For a discussion of The Hartford’s judgment in estimating reserves for Property & Casualty see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Property & Casualty Insurance Product Reserves, Net of Reinsurance in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report, and for historical payments by reserve line net of reinsurance, see Note 11 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. The timing of future payments for the next twelve months and for beyond twelve months could vary materially from historical payment patterns due to, among other things, changes in claim reporting and payment patterns and large unanticipated settlements. In particular, there is significant uncertainty over the claim payment patterns of A&E claims.
Group Benefits reserves as of March 31, 2024 were $8.9 billion and net of reinsurance were $8.7 billion. Group life and disability obligations are estimated using assumptions based on the Company’s historical experience, modified for recent observed trends. For a discussion of The Hartford’s judgment in estimating reserves for Group Benefits see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Critical Accounting Estimates, Group Benefit Reserves, Net of Reinsurance, in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. For additional information about future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable, see Note 10 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits and Note 11 - Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For historical payments by reserve line, net of reinsurance, see Note 11 - Reserve for Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. Due to the
significance of the assumptions used, payments for the next twelve months and beyond twelve months could materially differ from historical patterns.
Corporate includes reserves of $401 as of March 31, 2024 related to retained run-off liabilities of its former life and annuity business. For additional information about future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable, see Note 10 - Reserve for Future Policy Benefits and Note 11 - Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Hartford Funds
Hartford Funds' principal sources of operating funds are fees earned from basis points on AUM with uses primarily for payments to subadvisors and other general operating expenses. As of March 31, 2024, Hartford Funds cash and short-term investments were $275.
|PURCHASE AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS
The Hartford’s unfunded commitments to purchase investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments, private placements, and mortgage loans are disclosed in Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. It is anticipated that these unfunded commitments will be funded through the Company’s normal operating and investing activities.
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual commitments to purchase various goods and services such as maintenance, human resources, and information technology. The Company’s operating lease commitments are disclosed in Note 21 - Leases of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report. It is anticipated that these purchase commitments and operating lease obligations will be funded through the Company’s normal operating and investing activities.
|CAPITALIZATION

Capital Structure
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | Change
Long-term debt | $ | 4,363 |  | $ | 4,362 |  | — | %
Total debt | 4,363 |  | 4,362 |  | — | %
Common stockholders' equity excluding AOCI, net of tax | 18,131 |  | 17,842 |  | 2 | %
Preferred stock | 334 |  | 334 |  | — | %
AOCI, net of tax | (2,997) |  | (2,849) |  | (5) | %
Total stockholders’ equity | 15,468 |  | 15,327 |  | 1 | %
Total capitalization | $ | 19,831 |  | $ | 19,689 |  | 1 | %
Debt to stockholders’ equity | 28 | % | 28 | % |
Debt to capitalization | 22 | % | 22 | % |

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Total capitalization increased $142 as of March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 primarily due to net income in excess of common stockholder dividends in the period, partially offset by share repurchases and an increase in net unrealized losses on fixed maturities, AFS.
For additional information on AOCI, net of tax, including net unrealized gain (losses) from securities, see Note 15 - Changes
In and Reclassifications From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Note 5 - Investments of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on debt, see and Note 14 - Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement in The Hartford's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|CASH FLOW

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 | 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 1,097 |  | $ | 871 |
Net cash used for investing activities | $ | (435) |  | $ | (446) |
Net cash used for financing activities | $ | (529) |  | $ | (545) |
Cash and restricted cash– end of period | $ | 322 |  | $ | 218 |

Cash provided by operating activities increased in 2024 as compared to the prior year period primarily driven by an increase in P&C and Group Benefits premiums received, partially offset by an increase in Group Benefits loss and loss adjustment expenses paid and higher operating expenses, including increased commissions and staffing costs.
Cash used for investing activities was consistent with the prior year as a result of a change from net payments for to net proceeds from short term investments, largely offset by an increase in net payments for fixed maturities, AFS and a decrease in net proceeds from equity securities, at fair value.
Cash used for financing activities was relatively consistent with the prior year, as a reduction in net outflows on investment and universal life type contracts and a decrease in net issuance of shares under incentive and stock compensation plans was largely offset by an increase in dividends paid on common stock.
Operating cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 has been adequate to meet liquidity requirements.
|EQUITY MARKETS
For a discussion of the potential impact of the equity markets on capital and liquidity, see the Financial Risk section in this MD&A and the Financial Risk on Statutory Capital section of the MD&A in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|RATINGS
Ratings are an important factor in establishing a competitive position in the insurance marketplace and impact the Company's ability to access financing and its cost of borrowing. There can be no assurance that the Company’s ratings will continue for any given period of time, or that they will not be changed. In the event the Company’s ratings are downgraded, the Company’s competitive position, ability to access financing, and its cost of borrowing, may be adversely impacted.

Insurance Financial Strength Ratings as of April 24, 2024
| A.M. Best | Standard & Poor’s | Moody’s
Hartford Fire Insurance Company | A+ | A+ | A1
Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company | A+ | A+ | A1
Navigators Insurance Company | A+ | A+ | Not Rated
Other Ratings: |  |  |
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.: |  |  |
Senior debt | a- | BBB+ | Baa1

These ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any of The Hartford's securities and they may be revised or withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the rating organization. Each agency's rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency's rating. The system and the number of rating categories can vary across rating agencies.
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Among other factors, rating agencies consider the level of statutory capital and surplus of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries as well as the level of GAAP capital held by the Company in determining the Company's financial strength and credit ratings. Rating agencies may implement changes to their capital formulas that have the effect of increasing the amount of capital we must hold in order to maintain our current ratings. See Risk Factors disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company's 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
|STATUTORY CAPITAL

U.S. Statutory Capital Rollforward for the Company's Insurance Subsidiaries
| Property and Casualty Insurance Subsidiaries [1] [2] | Group Benefits Insurance Subsidiary | Total
U.S statutory capital at January 1, 2024 | $ | 12,549 |  | $ | 2,748 |  | $ | 15,297 |
Statutory income | 515 |  | 133 |  | 648 |
Dividends to parent | (153) |  | (245) |  | (398) |
Other items | 9 |  | 4 |  | 13 |
Net change to U.S. statutory capital | 371 |  | (108) |  | 263 |
U.S statutory capital at March 31, 2024 | $ | 12,920 |  | $ | 2,640 |  | $ | 15,560 |

[1]The statutory capital for property and casualty insurance subsidiaries in this table does not include the value of an intercompany note owed by HHI to Hartford Fire Insurance Company.
[2]Excludes insurance operations in the U.K.
|CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
For a discussion regarding The Hartford’s legal proceedings, see the information contained in Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Legislative and Regulatory Developments
For a discussion regarding legislative and regulatory developments, see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Capital Resources and Liquidity, Contingencies in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report.
Additionally, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has issued final rules to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures for investors. The SEC rules are being challenged in the courts, and on April 4, 2024 the SEC voluntarily stayed the rules pending judicial review. If they become operative in their current form, the rules will require extensive narrative and quantitative reporting on climate change and decarbonization in SEC filings and financial statements and pose potential compliance and regulatory risks to the Company, beginning in fiscal year 2025. The State of California has enacted laws that impose similarly extensive compliance burdens on the Company, entailing like compliance and regulatory risks. Other jurisdictions may follow suit. However, the California laws are facing legal challenges as well and the overall state of these types of climate related disclosure regimes, whether at the state or federal level, remains uncertain.
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
For a discussion of accounting standards, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in The Hartford’s 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report and Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.
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Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
ACRONYMS

A&E | Asbestos and Environmental | HHI | Hartford Holdings, Inc. |
ABS | Asset-Backed Securities | HIMCO | Hartford Investment Management Company |
ACL | Allowance for Credit Losses | HLA | Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company |
ADC | Adverse Development Cover | IBNR | Incurred But Not Reported |
AFS | Available-For-Sale | LAE | Loss Adjustment Expense |
ALAE | Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses | LCL | Liability for Credit Losses |
AOCI | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | LIBOR | London Inter-Bank Offered Rate |
AUM | Assets Under Management | LTD | Long-Term Disability |
BSA | Boy Scouts of America | LTV | Loan-to-Value |
CAY | Current Accident Year | MD&A | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations |
CLO | Collateralized Loan Obligations | NAIC | National Association of Insurance Commissioners |
CMBS | Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities | NICO | National Indemnity Company, a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (“Berkshire”) |
CME | Chicago Mercantile Exchange | NM | Not Meaningful |
CPRI | Credit and Political Risk Insurance | NOLs | Net Operating Loss Carryforwards or Carrybacks |
DAC | Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs | OCI | Other Comprehensive Income |
DEI | Diversity, Equity and Inclusion | OTC | Over-the-Counter |
DLR | Disabled Life Reserve | P&C | Property and Casualty |
D&O | Directors and Officers | PV&T | Political Violence and Terrorism |
DSCR | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | PYD | Prior Accident Year Development |
ERCC | Enterprise Risk and Capital Committee | RBC | Risk-Based Capital |
ESPP | The Hartford Employee Stock Purchase Plan | RMBS | Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities |
ETF | Exchange-Traded Funds | ROA | Return on Assets |
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board | ROE | Return on Equity |
FHLBB | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission |
FVO | Fair Value Option | SOFR | Secured Overnight Financing Rate |
GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles | ULAE | Unallocated Loss Adjustment Expenses |
HFSG | Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. |  |  |

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Part I - Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Item 4. |  |  |  |

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer, based on their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective for the purposes set forth in the definition thereof in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of March 31, 2024.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's current fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Item 1. |  |  |  |

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a discussion regarding The Hartford’s legal proceedings, see the information contained in Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. |  |  |  |

RISK FACTORS
Investing in The Hartford involves risk. In deciding whether to invest in The Hartford, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, (collectively the "Company's Risk Factors" or individually, the "Company's Risk Factor"), which is incorporated herein by
reference, any of which could have a significant or material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity of The Hartford. This information should be considered carefully together with the other information contained in this report and the other reports and materials filed by The Hartford with the SEC.

Item 2. |  |  |  |

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER
Repurchases of common stock by the Company during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 are set forth below. During the period from April 1, 2024 to April 24, 2024, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares for $113.

Repurchases of Common Stock by the Issuer for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased [1] | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs [2]
|  |  |  | (in millions)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024 | 1,508,128 |  | $ | 84.58 |  | 1,501,029 |  | $ | 1,222 |
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024 | 1,916,318 |  | $ | 94.17 |  | 1,119,428 |  | $ | 1,119 |
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024 | 1,244,304 |  | $ | 99.64 |  | 1,226,596 |  | $ | 998 |
Total | 4,668,750 |  | $ | 92.53 |  | 3,847,053 |  |

[1]Includes 821,697 shares in net settlement of employee tax withholding obligations related to equity awards under the Company's incentive stock plans, which were not part of publicly announced share repurchase authorizations. The Company paid an average price per share of $95.58 in employee tax withholding obligations related to net share settlements in the three months ended March 31, 2024.
[2]In July, 2022, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for up to $3.0 billion effective from August 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The timing of any repurchases is dependent on several factors, including the market price of the Company's securities, the Company's capital position, consideration of the effect of any repurchases on the Company's financial strength or credit ratings, the Company's blackout periods, and other considerations.

Item 5. |  |  |  |

OTHER INFORMATION
On February 8, 2024, Jonathan R. Bennett, Executive Vice President and Head of Group Benefits, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) for the potential sale of up to 7,688.108 shares of the Company's common stock between
May 8, 2024 and January 31, 2025 (or the date on which all shares have been sold) subject to certain conditions.
On February 8, 2024, Beth A. Costello, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading
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Part II - Item 5. Other Information
arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) for the potential exercise of vested stock options and the associated sale of up to 72,076 shares of the Company's common stock between May 8, 2024 and May 8, 2025 (or the date on which all shares have been sold) subject to certain conditions.
The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement adopted by Christopher J. Swift, CEO and Chairman, on September 15, 2023 became fully exercised and therefore terminated on January 24, 2024.
The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement adopted by Adin M. Tooker, Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Lines, on October 31, 2023 became fully exercised and therefore terminated on February 29, 2024.

Item 6. |  |  |  |

EXHIBITS
THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
FORM 10-Q
EXHIBITS INDEX

Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No | Filing Date |
3.01 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Hartford, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on October 20, 2014. | 8-K | 001-13958 | 3.01 | 10/20/2014 |
3.02 | Amended and Restated By-Laws of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. effective December 14, 2022. | 8-K | 001-13958 | 3.1 | 12/14/2022 |
10.01 | The Hartford 2020 Incentive Stock Plan Forms of Individual Agreements, as amended.** |  |  |  |  |
15.01 | Deloitte & Touche LLP Letter of Awareness.** |  |  |  |  |
31.01 | Certification of Christopher J. Swift pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.** |  |  |  |  |
31.02 | Certification of Beth A. Costello pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.** |  |  |  |  |
32.01 | Certification of Christopher J. Swift pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.** |  |  |  |  |
32.02 | Certification of Beth A. Costello pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.** |  |  |  |  |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.** |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.** |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.** |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.** |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.** |  |  |  |  |
104 | The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL. |  |  |  |  |
** | Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to this report. |  |  |  |  |

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

|  | The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | April 25, 2024 | /s/ Allison G. Niderno
|  | Allison G. Niderno
|  | Senior Vice President and Controller
|  | (Chief accounting officer and duly authorized signatory)

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