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Financial Instruments | 6 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments | 11. Financial Instruments We utilize derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to certain risks related to our ongoing operations. The primary risks managed through the use of derivative instruments include interest rate risk, currency exchange risk, and commodity price risk. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. While the majority of our derivative instruments are designated as hedging instruments, we also enter into derivative instruments that are designed to hedge a risk, but are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings at the end of each period. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative instruments. Accordingly, we have established and maintain strict counterparty credit guidelines and only enter into derivative instruments with major financial institutions that are rated investment grade or better. We do not have significant exposure to any one counterparty and we believe the risk of loss is remote. Additionally, we do not require collateral under these agreements. Interest Rate Risk Management We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our objective is to manage the impact of interest rate changes on cash flows and the market value of our borrowings. We utilize a mix of debt maturities along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to manage changes in interest rates. In addition, we enter into interest rate swaps to further manage our exposure to interest rate variations related to our borrowings and to lower our overall borrowing costs. Currency Exchange Risk Management We conduct business in several major international currencies and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to reduce volatility in earnings, cash flow and net investments in certain subsidiaries to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency revenue and expenses. Commodity Price Risk Management We are exposed to changes in the price of certain commodities. Our objective is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with forecasted purchases of these commodities to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into derivative contracts when possible to manage the price risk associated with certain forecasted purchases. Fair Value Hedges We enter into pay-floating interest rate swaps to hedge the changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt resulting from fluctuations in interest rates. These contracts are designated and qualify as fair value hedges. Accordingly, the gain or loss recorded on the pay-floating interest rate swaps is directly offset by the change in fair value of the underlying debt. Both the derivative instrument and the underlying debt are adjusted to market value at the end of each period with any resulting gain or loss recorded in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was no gain or loss recorded to interest expense as changes in the market value of our derivative instruments offset changes in the market value of the underlying debt. During the six months ended December 31, 2018, no new pay-floating interest rate swaps were executed. During the six months ended December 31, 2017, we entered into pay-floating interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $350 million. These swaps have been designated as fair value hedges of our fixed rate debt and are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Cash Flow Hedges We enter into derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in cash flows attributable to interest rate, foreign currency and commodity price fluctuations associated with certain forecasted transactions. These derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings were immaterial for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. All gains and losses currently included within accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with our foreign exchange forward contracts that are expected to be reclassified into net earnings within the next 12 months are immaterial. Net Investment Hedges We hedge the foreign currency risk associated with certain net investment positions in European subsidiaries. To accomplish this, we enter into cross-currency swaps that are designated as hedges of net investments. In September 2018 we entered into a €200 million cross-currency swap maturing in 2023. Cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges are marked-to-market using the current spot exchange rate as of the end of the period, with gains and losses included in the foreign currency translation component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until the sale or substantial liquidation of the underlying net investments. To the extent the cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges are not highly effective, changes in carrying value attributable to the change in spot rates are recorded in earnings. During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, there were no gains or losses from net investment hedges recorded in other comprehensive income. There was no ineffectiveness in our net investment hedges during the six months ended December 31, 2018. Economic (Non-Designated) Hedges We enter into foreign currency contracts to manage our foreign exchange exposure related to sales transactions, intercompany financing transactions and other balance sheet items subject to revaluation that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, these derivative instruments are adjusted to current market value at the end of each period through earnings. The gain or loss recorded on these instruments is substantially offset by the remeasurement adjustment on the foreign currency denominated asset or liability. The settlement of the derivative instrument and the remeasurement adjustment on the foreign currency denominated asset or liability are both recorded in other income, net. We recorded an $8 million expense and $1 million income in the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The principal currencies managed through foreign currency contracts are the Euro, Canadian dollar, British pound, Japanese yen, and Chinese renminbi. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings compared to the respective carrying amounts at:
(in millions) | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
Estimated fair value | $ | 8,717 |  |  | $ | 8,852 |
Carrying amount | 9,049 |  |  | 9,013 |
The fair value of our long-term obligations and other short-term borrowings is estimated based on either the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or other inputs derived from available market information, which represents a Level 2 measurement.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for financial instruments. This disclosure includes, but is not limited to, fair value measurements of short and long term marketable securities, international currencies forward contracts, and auction rate securities. Financial instruments may include hedging and non-hedging currency exchange instruments, derivatives, securitizations and securities available for sale at fair value. Also included are investment results, realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as impairments and risk management disclosures. + References No definition available. + Details
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