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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes was as follows during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| Year ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 112,456 |  |  | $ | 50,403 |  |  | $ | 43,437 |
State | 16,844 |  |  | 8,952 |  |  | 7,961 |
Foreign | 42,327 |  |  | 30,597 |  |  | 35,615 |
| 171,627 |  |  | 89,952 |  |  | 87,013 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (37,884) |  |  | 8,165 |  |  | (4,602) |
State | (15,025) |  |  | 507 |  |  | (948) |
Foreign | 5,531 |  |  | (856) |  |  | (405) |
| (47,378) |  |  | 7,816 |  |  | (5,955) |
Total provision | $ | 124,249 |  |  | $ | 97,768 |  |  | $ | 81,058 |
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
| September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Loss and credit carryforwards | $ | 12,309 |  |  | $ | 19,122 |
Compensation benefits | 30,490 |  |  | 29,344 |
Operating lease liabilities | 9,396 |  |  | 13,065 |
Research and development costs | 34,730 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 17,327 |  |  | 14,744 |
| 104,252 |  |  | 76,275 |
Less: valuation allowance | (2,183) |  |  | (16,635) |
Total deferred tax assets | 102,069 |  |  | 59,640 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Intangible assets | (7,226) |  |  | (14,263) |
Deferred commission | (14,017) |  |  | (12,419) |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | (6,228) |  |  | (8,798) |
Other liabilities | (15,462) |  |  | (12,357) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (42,933) |  |  | (47,837) |
Deferred tax assets, net | $ | 59,136 |  |  | $ | 11,803 |
Reconciliation Between Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate | A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes, with the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% to income before provision for income taxes for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 is shown below:
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Income tax provision at U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 116,261 |  |  | $ | 98,975 |  |  | $ | 99,360 |
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit | 14,135 |  |  | 8,359 |  |  | 7,815 |
Foreign tax rate differential | 9,489 |  |  | 3,058 |  |  | 1,490 |
Research credits | (3,600) |  |  | (5,932) |  |  | (6,795) |
Valuation allowance | (14,451) |  |  | (11,768) |  |  | 3,839 |
Excess tax benefits relating to share-based compensation | (949) |  |  | 702 |  |  | (15,573) |
GILTI, FDII, BEAT and FTC | (9,010) |  |  | (2,491) |  |  | (4,958) |
Other | 12,374 |  |  | 6,865 |  |  | (4,120) |
Recorded income tax provision | $ | 124,249 |  |  | $ | 97,768 |  |  | $ | 81,058 |
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year | $ | 12,980 |  |  | $ | 10,897 |  |  | $ | 7,994 |
Gross increases for tax positions in prior years | — |  |  | 593 |  |  | — |
Gross decreases for tax positions in prior years | (1,127) |  |  | — |  |  | (385) |
Gross increases based on tax positions related to the current year | 3,650 |  |  | 3,250 |  |  | 5,273 |
Decreases for settlements and payments | (523) |  |  | — |  |  | (643) |
Decreases due to statute expiration | (1,131) |  |  | (1,760) |  |  | (1,342) |
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year | $ | 13,849 |  |  | $ | 12,980 |  |  | $ | 10,897 |

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